NAME: JAN THADDEUS BALDONADO

Activity 3: Let me ask you, IONs?

Introduction

When chemistry was a young science and the number of known compounds was small, it was
possible to memorize their names. Many of the names were derived from their physical
appearance, origin, or application- for example, milk of magnesia, laughing gas, limestone,
caustic gas, lye, washing soda and baking soda.

Over the years, chemists have devised a system for naming chemical substances. In naming
compounds, we must first distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds. Organic
compounds contain carbon, usually a combination of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. All
the other compounds are considered as inorganic compounds.

Ionic compounds are made up of cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ions). Ionic
compounds are electrically neutral, so the electric charges of the cations and anions must be
balanced.

Ionic compounds usually have high melting points which means that ionic bonding is very
strong. Many ionic compounds dissolve in water and separate ions. The separated ions move
freely in water, which makes solutions conductor of electricity. As solids, ionic compounds do
not conduct electricity because the ions are held firmly, therefore, cannot move freely.
Ions in the body

Some ions in the body are necessary for life. These ions serve as control agents in energy
production, cell building and maintenance.

Calcium ions are essential in bone formation, tooth formation, blood clotting, muscle contraction
and relaxation and in normal heart functioning. Deficiency of calcium may result to poor tooth
formation, delayed blood clotting, porous bones, and rickets. Calcium ions may be taken from
green leafy vegetables, milk, cheese, whole grain, egg yolk, nuts and legumes.

Sodium ions are important in water and acid-base balance in extracellular fluids. Lack of sodium
would result to imbalance in buffer system. Table salt, milk, meat, egg, carrots, beets, spinach
and celery are good dietary sources of sodium ions.

PRE-LAB DISCUSSION
Objectives
The students will able to:
a. Practice chemical nomenclature: writing the chemical formulas of ionic compounds;
naming ionic compounds from formulas
b. Separate ionic compounds when dissolved in water

Materials
 Plastic cups
 Thumb tacks
 Dry cell
 Table salt
 Tap water

Analysis
1. Have you ever wondered how do energy drinks work in our body?
2. What makes them essential in our body?

Design
1. Do you wonder how does salt react with water when dissolved?
2. How does salt react when subject to electricity?

LABORATORY PROPER

Development
 Activity: Let me ask you, IONs?

Procedure

1. Put a marker/label of water on the plastic cup. The label must be 4 centimeters above the
bottom of the container.
2. Align the positive and negative ends of the dry cell to the bottom of the plastic cup then
put a marker where you can pin the thumb tacks. Put thumb tacks to the markers
3. Pour the tap water to the plastic cup until it reaches the marker.
4. Put a pinch of salt in the cup of water. Add salt if necessary.
5. Align the dry cell’s positive and negative ends to the thumb tacks. Observe what will
happen?

Implementation

Explain the chemical reaction that took place in this activity using the chemical formula of
the substances and name the compound/s present in the solution.

H₂O + 2NaCl 2HCl + Na₂O

Evaluation
Q-LabTech

1. Based on the activity, how do cation and anion work?

- Electrolysis happens in the activity where water was dissolved into H₂ & O₂ through
electric current. Bubbles were observed as the wires are connected to the dry cell. This
means that gas is dissipated. H₂+ is cation while O₂- is anion in the electrolysis of water
as resulted in the activity. There is a possibility that the salt is decomposed too into
sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) thus, the production of HCl and Na₂O is also possible.
 2. What are the importance of ions in the body?
- Transmit nerve signals, and contract muscles including the heart, etc. Contract muscles,
form bones and teeth, activate enzymes, etc. Regulate osmotic pressure and the body's
water content, enable the secretion of stomach acid, etc.

Self-assessment Remarks: Encircle your emoticon!

Well done! Confused! I didn’t get it!

Application

Name the following ionic compounds:

1. NaOH- Sodium hydroxide

2. MgBr2- Magnesium Bromide
3. KCl- Potassium chloride
4. TiI4- Ttanium iodide
5. PbO- Lead oxide
6. aluminum sulfide- Al₂S₃
7. calcium phosphate- Ca₃(PO₄)₂
8. magnesium acetate- Mg(C₂H₃O₂)₂
9. silver cyanide- Ag(Cn)₃
10. lead (II) sulfite- PbSO

Lab Quest!

Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. Oxygen, nitrogen, and fluorine bond with hydrogen to form molecules. These molecules
are attracted to each other by ___________.
a. ionic bond
b. hydrogen bond
c. coordinate covalent bond
d. electrovalent bond
2. An atom which has the greatest ability to attract electron is ___________.
a. oxygen b. nitrogen c. sulfur d. bromine
3. When combining with nonmetallic atoms, metallic atoms will generally ___________.
a. Lose electrons and form positive ions
b. Lose electrons and form negative ions
c. Gain electrons and form negative ions
d. Gain electron and form negative ions
4. The atoms with the lowest ionization energies are found in the group of elements called
___________.
a. noble gases b. nonmetals c. metals d. semimetals
5. Which of the following is not ionic?
a. NaI b. CaS c. CO d. Na2O

6. Which is not a characteristic of most ionic compounds?

a. They are solids.
b. They have low melting point.
c. They conduct electricity when molten.
d. They are composed of metallic and nonmetallic elements.
7. How many atoms of aluminum is needed to bond with oxygen to form an ionic
compound?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
8. What is the element needed to bond with F to create the most ionic bond?
a. Li b. Na c. K d. Rb
9. Which two properties are more typical of molecular compounds than ionic compounds?
1. They are gases or liquid at room temperature.
2. They have high melting points.
3. Solids do not conduct electricity.
4. Atoms shared electrons.
a. 1 and 4 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 2 and 4
10. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
a. Most ionic compounds have high melting points.
b. Polar molecules show unsymmetrical distribution of electron clouds.
c. Metallic substances possess high thermal and electrical conductivity.
d. Ionic compounds are formed by the electrostatic force of attraction held between
nonmetals.