PRAYER

Father God,
As we start this new day for new learning, we ask for Your
guidance.
Lead us all the way. May You let us see through Your eyes,
listen through Your ears, and speak with Your Mouth.
Be with us as we explore the world.
Give us the heart to love and be kind to one another. Please
watch over all our teachers, children, and families.
In Jesus’ name. Amen
READY?
 PLAY TIME

GUESS THE WORD

C E M C

S H I A L
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D N O B
C E M C

S H I A L CHEMICAL BONDS

D N O B
M E L

O C U
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L E S
M E L

O C U MOLECULES
L E S
I N O

S
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I N O

S
IONS
O R N

I G A
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C
O R N

I G A ORGANIC

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T S L

A
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T S L

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SALT
A D C

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A D C

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ACID
TOPIC
Electrolytes
03 and
Non-Electrolytes
01 Types of Chemical bonds

04 Acid ,Basis,and Salts

02 Molecules and ions

05 Organic and Inorganic

 TYPES OF
CHEMICAL

01
BONDS
Chemical Bonds
Chemical bonds are forces that hold
the atoms together in a molecule. They
are a result of strong intramolecular
interactions among the atoms of a
molecule.
1. Ionic Bond
As the name suggests, ionic bonds are a result of the attraction between ions.
Ions are formed when an atom loses or gains an electron. These types of bonds
are commonly formed between a metal and a nonmetal [1-5].
Examples
•Sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) combine to form stable crystals of sodium
chloride (NaCl), also known as common salt.
•Magnesium (Mg) and oxygen (O) combine to form magnesium oxide (MgO).
•Potassium (K) and chlorine (Cl) combine to form potassium chloride (KCl)
•Calcium (Ca) and fluorine (F) combine to form calcium fluoride (CaF 2)
2. Covalent Bond
In the case of a covalent bond, an atom shares one or more pairs of electrons
with another atom and forms a bond. This sharing of electrons happens
because the atoms must satisfy the octet (noble gas configuration) rule while
bonding. Such a type of bonding is common between two nonmetals. The
covalent bond is the strongest and most common form of chemical bond in
living organisms.
Examples
Two atoms of iodine (I) combine to form iodine (I2) gas.
One atom of carbon (C) combines with two atoms of oxygen (O) to form a
double covalent bond in carbon dioxide (CO2)
Two atoms of hydrogen (H) combine with one atom of oxygen (O) to form
a polar molecule of water (H2O).
Boron (B) and three hydrogens (H) combine to form the polar borane
(BH3).
3. Hydrogen Bond
A hydrogen bond is a chemical bond between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative
atom. However, it is not an ionic or covalent bond but is a particular type of dipole-
dipole attraction between molecules. First, the hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to a
very electronegative atom resulting in a positive charge, which is then attracted towards
an electronegative atom resulting in a hydrogen bond 
Examples
•Hydrogen atom from one molecule of water bonds with the oxygen atom from another
molecule. This bonding is quite significant in ice.
•In chloroform (CH3Cl) and ammonia (NH3), hydrogen bonding occurs between the
hydrogen of one molecule and carbon/nitrogen of another.
•Nitrogen bases present in DNA are held together by a hydrogen bond.
4. Metallic Bonds
A metallic bond is a force that holds atoms together in a metallic substance. Such
solid consists of tightly packed atoms, where the outermost electron shell of each
metal atom overlaps with a large number of neighboring atoms. As a
consequence, the valence electrons move freely from one atom to another. They
are not associated with any specific pair of atoms. This behavior is called non-
localization 
Examples
•Sodium metal
•Aluminum foil
•Copper wire
 MOLECULES
AND IONS

02
 What is Molecules?

⇨ A molecule is two or more

atoms connected by chemical
bonds, which form the smallest
unit of a substance that retains
the composition and properties
of that substance.
 What is ions?
⇨ An ion is a charged atom or molecule. It is
charged because the number of electrons do
not equal the number of protons in the atom
or molecule. An atom can acquire a positive
charge or a negative charge depending on
whether the number of electrons in an atom
is greater or less then the number of protons
in the atom.
 What is the difference between
molecules and ions?

⇨ Molecules are neutral particles made of

two or more atoms bonded together. An
ion is a positively or negatively charged
particle.
 ELECTROLYTES
AND
NON-ELECTROLYTES

03
 Electrolytes
⇨ Electrolytes are minerals in your
⇨ non--electrolyte is a
blood and other body fluids that
carry an electric charge.
Electrolytes affect how your body
functions in many ways, including:
The amount of water in your body.
The acidity of your blood (pH) Your
muscle function..
Non-Electrolytes
compound that does not
conduct an electric
current in either aqueous
solution or in the molten
state.
 electrolytes Non-electrolytes
Example: Example :

Sodium, calcium, potassium, sugar, alcohols, and many

chloride, phosphate, and organic substances
magnesium 
Importance of Electrolytes to the Body
⇨ Electrolytes fulfill several important purposes for people and
animals.
⇨ regulate the body's pH level, which ensures a proper balance
between acid and base in the body
⇨ balance the quantity of water that is present in the body
⇨ assist with the flow of fluid between the body's cells
⇨ move substances into and out of cells, thus ensuring that nutrients go
in and waste goes out
⇨ enable key systems of the body, including the nervous, muscular,
cardiovascular, and central nervous systems, to function properly
 ACID,BASES AND
SALTS

04
 What is Acid
The term acid is derived from a Latin word ‘acidus’ or
‘acere’, which means sour. The most common
characteristic is their sour taste. An acid is a
substance that renders ionizable hydronium ion
(H3O+) in its aqueous solution. It turns blue litmus
paper red. These dissociate in their aqueous solution
to form their constituent ions, as given by the
following examples.
. 
Based on their occurrence, they are divided into two types-
Natural and mineral acids.

Natural Acids: These are obtained from natural sources, such

as fruits and animal products. For e.g. lactic, citric, and
tartaric acid etc.
Mineral Acids: Mineral acids are acids prepared from
minerals. Examples are Hydrochloric acid (HCl),
Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4), and nitric acid (HNO3), etc.
BASES
The most common
characteristic of bases is
their bitter taste and soapy
feel. A base is a substance
that renders hydroxyl
ion(OH–) in their aqueous
solution. Bases turn the
colour of red litmus paper to
blue.
The bases dissociate in their aqueous solution to form their
constituent ions, given in the following examples.
 SALTS

Salt is an ionic compound that

results from the neutralization
reaction of acids and bases. Salts are
constituted of positively charged
ions, known as cations, and
negatively charged ions, known as
anions, which can either be organic
or inorganic in nature.
 ORGANIC AND
INORGANIC

05
TYPES OF COMPOUNDS

1. Organic compounds
2. Inorganic compounds
ORGANIC

An organic compound is any compound essentially

having one or more carbon atoms, covalently bonded 
with other elements. Most commonly, these carbon
atoms are bonded to hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
atoms.
INORGANIC

 An inorganic compound is any compound that is

not an organic compound. In other words,
inorganic compounds are not essentially
composed of carbon atoms. There can be either
carbon atoms present or absent.
Difference Between Organic and Inorganic
Compounds

Organic compounds: Organic compounds are compounds

essentially having carbon atoms in the structure along with
atoms like hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.
Inorganic Compounds: Inorganic compounds are compounds that
do not essentially have carbon atoms in their structure.
THANK YOU!
 Reporters GROUP 4
JAYSON DOCE EMREN DIAZ SHAN CAGAY ELJOHN DIZON

JOVY DIVA JASON DIAZ FRANCES BUCO LACKY DISTOR

 TEACHER

Mrs. Ferry Rafunzel B.

Manuba
SUBJECT: ADGE 211 (GEN. CHEMISTRY)

CLASS INSTRUCTOR
 QUIZ GROUP 4
IDENTIFACATIO

N
Give the four types of chemical bonds.
1.
2.
3.
3.
Give the three examples of Metalic bonds.
6.
7.
8.
9._______ it`s a charge atom or molecules ?
10._______it`s two or more atoms connected by chemical bonds?

Give the two examples of electrolytes and non-electrolytes

11.
12.
13.
14.
15. The term acid is derived from a latin word “_______” ?
 QUIZ GROUP 4
IDENTIFACATIO

N
Give the four types of chemical bonds.
1.Ionic Bond
2.Covalent Bond
3.Hydrogen Bond
4.Metalic Bond
Give the three examples of Metalic bonds.
6.Sodium Metal
7.Aluminom Foil
8.Copper Wire
9.Atoms - it`s a charge atom or molecules ?
10. Molecule - it`s two or more atoms connected by chemical bonds?

Give the two examples of electrolytes and non-electrolytes

11/12. Sodium, calcium, potassium, chloride, phosphate, and magnesium
13/14. sugar, alcohols
15. The term acid is derived from a latin word “ Acidus or Acere ” ?