TOPIC 4:

POLICING IN A MULTI-
CULTURAL SOCIETY
Four types of societies
 
1. Folk Communal or Primitive Societies

It has a little codification of law. No specialization among police

and a system of punishment let things go for a while without
attention until it becomes too much and then harsh, barbaric
punishment is resorted to. 
2. Urban Commercial Societies

Rely on trade as the essence of their market system.

It has a civil law standards and customs are written down,

specialized police forces (some for religious, others for enforcing
the king’s law), and punishment is inconsistent, sometimes harsh,
sometimes lenient. Most continental Europe developed along this
path.
3. Urban Industrial Societies

Produce most of the goods and services without government

interference.
It does not codified laws only but applies laws that prescribe good
behavior. Police are specialized on how to handle property crimes, and
the system of punishment is run on market principles of creating
incentives and disincentives. England and U.S. followed this positive
legal path.
4. Bureaucratic Societies

These are modern post- industrial societies where the emphasis is upon
technique or the technologizing of everything with the government. It
has a system of laws (along with armies of lawyers) police who tend to
keep busy handling political crimes and terrorism and a system of
punishment characterized by over criminalization and overcrowding.
The U.S. and only eight other nations fit the bureaucratic pattern.