ONE WAY ANOVA WITHIN GROUPS

One-Way ANOVA ("analysis of variance") compares the means of two or more independent
groups in order to determine whether there is statistical evidence that the associated
population means are significantly different. One-Way ANOVA is a parametric test.

A one-way repeated measures ANOVA (also known as a within-subjects ANOVA) is used to

determine whether three or more group means are different where the participants are the
same in each group. For this reason, the groups are sometimes called "related" groups. Within
group variation measures how much the individuals vary from their group mean.

The One-Way ANOVA is commonly used to test the following:

● Statistical differences among the means of two or more groups

● Statistical differences among the means of two or more interventions
● Statistical differences among the means of two or more change scores

The following data describes the Anxiety Score of a group of 50 patients undergoing
counseling in 4 different occasions. Find out the effectiveness of the counselling?

Measurement 1 – Measurement 2 – Measurement 3 – Measurement 4 –

Before Starting After 3 Sessions of After 6 Sessions of After 9 Sessions of
Counselling Counselling Counselling Counselling
78 54 33 20
76 53 34 21
78 56 35 22
79 52 33 25
75 56 32 23
74 57 36 21
79 58 34 22
72 54 35 28
79 55 32 24
75 50 31 25
74 53 30 26
78 58 29 23
78 56 25 25
76 54 25 24
78 53 26 23
79 54 37 21
75 54 38 20
74 53 39 22
79 56 40 24
72 52 39 23
79 56 33 24
75 57 34 25
74 58 35 27
78 54 33 22
72 55 32 23
69 50 36 25
70 53 34 23
78 58 35 21
79 57 32 22
75 58 31 28
76 54 30 24
79 55 29 25
75 50 25 26
74 53 25 23
78 58 26 25
78 56 37 24
76 54 29 23
78 53 25 21
79 54 25 20
75 54 26 22
74 53 37 24
79 56 38 23
72 52 39 24
79 56 40 25
75 57 39 27
74 58 33 25
78 54 34 24
72 55 35 23
69 50 33 21
70 51 32 20

PROCEDURE
 Null hypothesis:

There is no significant difference in the anxiety scores across different occasions of

counseling sessions

Variables:

Independent Variables (factor)- Counseling sessions

Dependent Variables (Dependent List)- Anxiety scores

Data View

Variable View
 Descriptive Statistics
Std.
Mini Maxi Mea Deviatio
N mum mum n n Skewness Kurtosis
Statis Statis Statist Statis Statis Std. Statis Std.
tic tic ic tic Statistic tic Error tic Error
BeforeStartingCo 50 69 79 75.74 2.947 -.651 .337 -.480 .662
unselling
After3Sessions 50 50 58 54.54 2.314 -.213 .337 -.608 .662
After6Sessions 50 25 40 32.70 4.491 -.325 .337 -.767 .662
After9Sessions 50 20 28 23.42 2.031 .235 .337 -.304 .662
Valid N (listwise) 50

Descriptive Statistics
Std.
Mean Deviation N
BeforeStartingCouns 75.74 2.947 50
elling
After3Sessions 54.54 2.314 50
After6Sessions 32.70 4.491 50
After9Sessions 23.42 2.031 50
 Multivariate Testsa
Hypothesi Error Partial Eta
Effect Value F s df df Sig. Squared
Counselling_ses Pillai's Trace .995 3231.8 3.000 47.00 .000 .995
sion 20b 0
Wilks' .005 3231.8 3.000 47.00 .000 .995
Lambda 20b 0
Hotelling's 206.2 3231.8 3.000 47.00 .000 .995
Trace 86 20b 0
Roy's Largest 206.2 3231.8 3.000 47.00 .000 .995
Root 86 20b 0
a. Design: Intercept
Within Subjects Design: Counselling_session
b. Exact statistic

Mauchly's Test of Sphericitya

Measure: Anxiety
Approx. Epsilonb
Within Subjects Mauchly' Chi- Greenhous Huynh- Lower-
Effect sW Square df Sig. e-Geisser Feldt bound
Counselling_ses .422 41.136 5 .000 .653 .680 .333
sion
Tests the null hypothesis that the error covariance matrix of the orthonormalized transformed dependent
variables is proportional to an identity matrix.
a. Design: Intercept
Within Subjects Design: Counselling_session
b. May be used to adjust the degrees of freedom for the averaged tests of significance. Corrected tests are
displayed in the Tests of Within-Subjects Effects table.

Tests of Within-Subjects Effects

Measure: Anxiety
Type III Partial
Sum of Mean Eta
Source Squares df Square F Sig. Squared
Counselling_sessi Sphericity 82135.28 3 27378.4 2976. .000 .984
on Assumed 0 27 312
Greenhouse- 82135.28 1.959 41919.4 2976. .000 .984
Geisser 0 53 312
Huynh-Feldt 82135.28 2.040 40260.2 2976. .000 .984
0 65 312
Lower-bound 82135.28 1.000 82135.2 2976. .000 .984
0 80 312
Error(Counselling Sphericity 1352.220 147 9.199
_session) Assumed
Greenhouse- 1352.220 96.00 14.084
Geisser 9
Huynh-Feldt 1352.220 99.96 13.527
5
Lower-bound 1352.220 49.00 27.596
0

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Measure: Anxiety
Transformed Variable: Average
Type III
Sum of Mean Partial Eta
Source Squares df Square F Sig. Squared
Interce 434312.00 1 434312.00 40420.3 .000 .999
pt 0 0 00
Error 526.500 49 10.745

Pairwise Comparisons
Measure: Anxiety
95% Confidence Interval
(I) (J) Mean
for Differenceb
Counselling_sessi Counselling_sessio Difference Std. Lower Upper
on n (I-J) Error Sig.b Bound Bound
1 2 21.200* .394 .000 20.409 21.991
3 43.040* .814 .000 41.404 44.676
4 52.320* .527 .000 51.261 53.379
2 1 -21.200* .394 .000 -21.991 -20.409
3 21.840* .684 .000 20.465 23.215
4 31.120* .400 .000 30.317 31.923
3 1 -43.040* .814 .000 -44.676 -41.404
 2 -21.840* .684 .000 -23.215 -20.465
4 9.280* .696 .000 7.882 10.678
*
4 1 -52.320 .527 .000 -53.379 -51.261
*
2 -31.120 .400 .000 -31.923 -30.317
3 -9.280* .696 .000 -10.678 -7.882
Based on estimated marginal means
*. The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.
b. Adjustment for multiple comparisons: Least Significant Difference (equivalent to no adjustments).