(Oth VANS Kenran 4. Simple Stress is the unit strength of a material or the force per unit area A.Compressive Stress (S.) i i wher ‘Sp = bearing stress, MPa or Ps) F = applied force or load , Nor ib Ay = cross sectional area (sheared area), mar or in? projected Area : length , mm or in. diameter, mm or in. where: : S_ = compressive stress, MPa ar Ps) F = applied force or load , Wor Ac = c1oss sectional area, san?’ or in? B. Tensile Stress Te _ 16 where: So- e ee # vo nD 5; = tensile stress, MPa or Ps! ae jpplied force or load , /V orb ‘where: ‘y= cross sectional area, mar ar in? Si= torsional stress, MPa or Psi T = torque , Mm or b-in. ¢ = distance from the neutral axis to the outermost fiber, mm or in. usually 0/2 diameter, mm or in. polar moment of inertla, am ar, C.Shearing Stress 5 Ss where: On SS, = shearing stress, MPa or Psi F = applied force or load , Nor lb ‘A, = cross sectional area 4 (sheared area), mn? or in? = resisting area parallel to the force applied nding or Flexural Stress ‘a, Rectangular Section = Me. OM i 1” bh 7Chapter 16 «Stresses # MACHINE DESIGN FORMULAS where: ending moment , Wem ar Ib-in, istance from the neutral axis to the ‘outermost fiber , mm or in width , mm orn. height, mm or in. b. Circular Section i S;= flexural or bending stress , MPa or Psi M = bending moment , Nm oF ibn. moment of Inettia or in D= diameter, mm orin. =r D/2 =. distance from the neutral axis to the outermost fiber, mm arin G. Thermal Stress where: modulus of elasticity, MPa or psi elongation expansion, m/m*C or FY fF ty = final temperature, °F or °C = inital temperature, $F orc H.Design Stress a. For Ductile Materials ‘s, Se where: Sq = design stress , MPa or psi S, = yield stress , MP2 or psi FS = factor of safety Emaplap Dect Wea 1. Copper 4, Aluminum 2. Iron 5. Zine 3. Tin 6. Lead For Brittle Materials Sd= design stress , MPa or ps! Su = ultimate stress , MP2 or asi FS= factor of safety Ennplegf Pha mands 1. Gast Iron 2 Glass 3. Conerete 1, Modulus of Elasticity eSChapter 15- Stresses 4 MACHINE DESIGN FORMULAS. al 210 7% Combined Stresses aes ‘A Combined Axil and Flexural Stresses, S= stress , MPa or psi e= strain o Sin i Me E = modulus of Elasticty, Pa or psi Me J, Modulus of Rigicity ‘combined stress , MPa or Psi applied force , NV or fb cross sectional area, mm? or in* ending moment , Nm or Ib-n, jistance from the neutral axis tothe outermost fiber , mm or in I= moment of Inertia , Nemm or lb: Note: use (+) when axial force is in tension use (-) when axial force is in compression ombined Axial and Flexural Stresses for the Beams: wher E= modulus of Elasticity, MPa or ps! 1 = Poisson's ratio K Elongation. = elongation, mm ori. ‘a= coefficient of thermal ‘expansion, mim-"C or in in. oisson’s ratio L= length , mm or in. t= final temperature, “Cor © : t, = initial temperature, Cor pplied force or load Nori ross sectional area, mr” or in. modulus of elasticity, MPa or psi ¢ = stain22 Chapter 15 -Stressen # where: S. = tensile stress induced , MPa or Psi S, = shearing stress induced , MPa or Psi Smmac= maximum tensile or compressive stress caused by the induced stresses, MPa or Psi ‘Siow = maximum shearing stress caused by the induced stresses, MPa or Psi ©. Combined Torsional and Flexural Stresses jee 4 ae we where: M= bending moment , Mm or lb-in, T= twisting moment , 17 or ibn. D = diameter, mm or in. Sax = Maximumn tensile or compressive stress caused by the induced stresses, MPa or Pa ‘Sy = maximurn shearing stress caused by the induced stresses, MPa or Psi D. Combined Axial, Torsional and Flexural Stresses Toe Qi MACHINE DESIGN FORMULAS ‘axial force, Nor ib bending moment , W-m or i-in torque or torsional moment, Nem orlb-in. diameter, mm or in. ‘maximum tensile or compressive stress caused by the induced stresses, MPa or Psi Sumac = maximum shearing stress caused by the induced stresses, MPa or Psi Variable Stress a. For Ductile Materials factor of safety yleld stress, MPa or psi endurance stress, MPa or psi waximum stress, MPa or psi inimum stress, MPa or psi mean stress, MPa or psi Src + Sin 2214 Chapter 19 Stressco * S. = alternating stress, Pa ar psi s, = Snm=Snn z b. For Brittle Materials = f ‘ceodman tne ul bus eee sel E «3, eee Se FS espa where: FS = factor of safety ultimate stress, MPa or psi ‘endurance stress, MPa or psi maximum stress, MPa os) Soo = minimum ses, MPa or sl Sh= mean stress, MPa os) | Sem Sian sn = Smt 2 S, = alternating stress, MPa or psi sg, = Sno=Saie 2