igs are cylindrical machine used to transmit rotary motion and power from a driver to a driven element. Shaft is a cylindrical piece of metal used to carry rotating machine parts such as pulleys and gears to transmit power Fr motion. F a a 's a stationary member of primarily loaded in bending with gears, pulleys and wheels rotating on it. indie is a shaft or short axles on machine. General Classes of Shafts +. Transmission shaft - are those shafts used to transmit power between the source and the machines absorbing the power. 2. Machine Shaft - are those forming an integral part of machine itself. pes of Transmission Shaft 2 Line Shaft © CounterShaft Prime}é “< Head Shaft ne |) Machine Shaft Line Shaft Counter Shaft216 i. Chapter 16 - Shaftings * For main power transmitting shafts P = power, Hp D = diameter, in. © N = rotative speed, som For line shafts carrying pulleys P = power, Hp D = diameter, in. N = rotative speed, rpm For small, short shafts and counter shafts where: P = power, Ho D = diameter, in. N = rotative speed, rom Diameter of a solid circular shafts required to transmit given torque where: D = diameter, mm T = toque, V-mm S; = allowable torsional shearing stress, MPa MACHINE DESIGN FORMULAS Twisting moment for shaft of any cross section where: T = torsional or twisting moment, W-1m Ss = allowable torsional shearing stress, MPa Z, = polar section modulus, mm? = power, kW or Hp T = torque, V-mm N = rotative speed, rom Pure Torsional Shear Stress (solid) torsional shear stress, MPa or psi torque, V-mm or Ib-in. potar moment inertia, m7 or.in.4 distance from the neutral axis to the outermost fiber, mm or in. Ss T J c Pure Flexural or Bending Stress (solid) where: S+ = flexural or bending stress, MPa or psi bending moment, W-mm or /b-in. moment inertia, mm” or in.* diameter, mm? or in.* = distance from the neutral axis to the outermost fiber, 777 or in. M I D C218 Chapter 16 - Shaftings * ® MACHINE DESIGN FORMULAS 9. Pure Torsional Shear Stress (hollow) where : S,; = torsional stress, MPa or psi T = torque, V-mm or Bin. hy D, = outside diameter, inn or iB D, = inside diameter, 7777" or in. 5 10. Pure Flexural or Bending Stress (hollow) where: : S, = torsional stress, MPa Or psi T = torque, V-mm or /b-in. A ek Do = outside diameter, mint or in. D; = inside diameter, mm’ orin” M = bending moment, \V-mm or /b-in. 41, Combined Torsion and Bending Stress where: : M= bending moment , V-m or /6-in. T = twisting moment , V-/m or /b-in. D = diameter, mm or in. as Stmax = Maximum tensile or compressive stress caused by the induced eee MPa or Psi Semax = Maximum shearing stress cause: ; ae by the induced stresses, MPa or Psi 22. Combined Torsion and Bendi Shock and Fatigue Factors where: k; = numerical combined shock and fatigue factor to be applied in every km = numerical combined shock and fatigue factor to be applied in every M = bending moment , Wm or /b-in. T = twisting moment , W-m or /b-in. D = diameter, mm or in. Stmax = Ssmax = maximum shearing stress caused by the induced stresses, MP2 or psi Shock and Fatigue Factors for Shafts Wa ture of Loading | Gradually Applied Loads _Suddeiily Applied Loads 1.0 adually Applied or Steady Loads ddenly Applied loads minor shock only uddenly Applied Loads, heavy Shocks | a i ee, ag 219 ing Considering Case to the computed torsional moment case to the computed bending moment maximum tensile or compressive stress caused by the induced stresses, MPa or Psi 1.0 Se ¥220 Chapter 16 - Shaftings * 13. Vertical Shear where: V = load or force, V A = cross-sectional area, in. D = diameter, in. S, = vertical shear, ps/ 14. Angular Deformation where: = angular deformation or torsional deflection, rad = torque, V-m or /b-in. a = length, 7m or in. J = polar moment of inertia, mim or in.* G= modulus of rigidity, Goa or psi * STANDARD SIZES OF TRANSMISSION SHAFTS 15 Se 7 EM 6 ‘6 ‘6 Ne pe | 3B ae a 15 16 16 16 16 7 15” 1 ‘ oe al 65 8 *TYPICAL SIZES OF MACHINERY SHAFTING ie . i i A : = = = 4— to 6 5 Ot 27, te 25 7 0 Te t6 2 pom ora! 6 to 8 16 16 4