Running head: ECONOMICS 1

Correlation between race and unemployment rate.

Mariana Hernandez

ECON 3341- 01I

11-23-2021
ECONOMICS 2

Correlation Between Race and Unemployment Rate

Abstract

We examine the correlation between race and employment in the United States of

America based on occupation, race, and sex. Using the data downloaded from the U.S Bureau of

labor database, we used a total of 157,538 people in 2019 with 83,460 men and 74,078 women.

In 2020, we analyzed 147,795 people, including 78,560 men and 69,234 women, based on the U.

S Bureau statistics.

Introduction

The United States of America is one of the best areas that people from all the continents

prefer being employed. In examining the correlation between race and the unemployment rate,

research shows that only 3.7% of adult people living in the United States are unemployed (BLS

report 2020). Under these statistics, based on race, the unemployment rate was higher in blacks

or African Americans, which was 6.1%. The white's unemployment rate was relatively lower

than others being 3.3%.

It is reported that the unemployment rate among the races is associated with many factors

which are said to be measurable. Some of the factors related to this unemployment rate include

education accomplishment, occupations, industries, and locations. Interestingly the racial

discrimination is also used as a parameter in the workplace. Thus, this report gives a refined

description of the workforce and earning pattern on the most significant race and traditions found

within the United States; whites, Latinos, Hispanics, and blacks.

Description of the data.

ECONOMICS 3

As stated earlier, a total of 157 538 people were used in the 2019 data, while a total of

147,795 were used in 2020, which was retrieved from the U. S Bureau of labor. By race, whites

dominate the employment sector by 77%. At the same time, the remaining percentages are taken

by the blacks, Asians, American Indians, among other present races in the locality based on the

below table.

Table 1. service status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and older by sexual category

and race, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

N

ot

in

labor
C
Civilian workforce force
ivilian
Employed Unemployed
G noninsti- P P P

ender and tutional T ercent of T ercent of T ercent of

race population otal population otal population otal labor force

T 2 1 6 1 6 6 3 9

otal 59,175 63,539 3.1 57,538 0.8 ,001 .7 5,636

M 1 8 6 8 6 3 3 3

en 25,353 6,687 9.2 3,460 6.6 ,227 .7 8,667

W 1 7 5 7 5 2 3 5

omen 33,822 6,852 7.4 4,078 5.4 ,774 .6 6,970

W 2 1 6 1 6 4 3 7

hite 00,827 26,600 3.0 22,441 1.0 ,159 .3 4,227

M 9 6 6 6 6 2 3 2

en 8,220 8,367 9.6 6,100 7.3 ,266 .3 9,853

W 1 5 5 5 5 1 3 4

omen 02,607 8,233 6.8 6,341 4.9 ,893 .2 4,374

B 3 2 6 1 5 1 6 1

lack 3,036 0,632 2.5 9,381 8.7 ,251 .1 2,404

M 1 9 6 9 6 6 6 5

en 5,102 ,790 4.8 ,145 0.6 45 .6 ,312

W 1 1 6 1 5 6 5 7

omen 7,934 0,842 0.5 0,236 7.1 07 .6 ,092

A 1 1 6 1 6 2 2 5

sian 6,351 0,460 4.0 0,179 2.3 80 .7 ,891

M 7 5 7 5 6 1 2 2

en ,666 ,502 1.8 ,353 9.8 49 .7 ,164

W 8 4 5 4 5 1 2 3

omen ,685 ,958 7.1 ,826 5.6 32 .7 ,727

merican Indian 2 1 6 1 5 1 6 1

and Alaska ,832 ,721 0.8 ,617 7.1 04 .1 ,110

Native
M 1 9 6 8 6 5 6 4

en ,383 01 5.1 42 0.9 9 .5 83

W 1 8 5 7 5 4 5 6

omen ,448 21 6.7 75 3.5 6 .6 28

N 9 6 6 6 6 2 3 3
ECONOMICS 4

Table 1. service status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and older by sexual category

and race, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

N

ot

in

labor
C
Civilian workforce force
ivilian
Employed Unemployed
G noninsti- P P P

ender and tutional T ercent of T ercent of T ercent of

race population otal population otal population otal labor force

ative Hawaiian

and Other 63 59 8.4 38 6.2 1 .2 04

Pacific Islander
M 4 3 7 3 7 1 3 1

en 70 47 3.9 36 1.5 1 .3 23
W 4 3 6 3 6 1 3 1

omen 93 12 3.2 02 1.2 0 .2 81

T
5 3 6 3 6 1 5 1
wo or More
,165 ,467 7.1 ,283 3.6 84 .3 ,699
Races
M 2 1 7 1 6 9 5 7

en ,512 ,780 0.9 ,683 7.0 7 .4 31

W 2 1 6 1 6 8 5 9

omen ,654 ,686 3.5 ,599 0.3 7 .2 68

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.

Amongst the race and ethnicity groups, native Hawaiians and other soothing islanders were

ranked the maximum in labor force contribution, followed by whites, blacks, American Indians,

and Alaska natives.

Chart 1. Labor force participation rates by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2019

annual averages
Race Percent
Total 63.1
White 63.0
Black or African American 62.5
Asian 64.0
American Indian and Alaska Native 60.8
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 68.4
Two or More Races 67.1
Hispanic or Latino 66.8

Note: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey (CPS).

Regarding the unemployment rate, blacks existing in the United States are the most

unemployed. Their unemployment percentage rate stands at 6.1%. This unemployment rate, as

compared to other continents, gives a better chance to seek jobs in the United States. The data
ECONOMICS 5

shows that in 2019, an average of 40.8% of the whites was engaged in the administration,

specialized and related occupations. 37.1% of the percentage is men, while 44.9% are women. In

2020, the data relatively increased by 2.3%which shows a better improvement in terms of

securing employment.

Employment Ratio

The employment-population for Hispanics is 63.9% compared to other races in the States.

The employment-population of 16 to 19 years is higher for the whites because they occupy the

highest population in the locality. Their percentage ratio is 33.2% as compared to Asians, Blacks,

and Hispanic teens.

Women are more employed than men, mainly in the management, professional and

related occupations for all the races. The adult population above 20years is the largest in the

races and ethnicity groups. Hispanics become the highest employment-population in regards to

U. S Bureau statistics. It takes 77.4% of the whole population.

In terms of educational attainment, most employers have attained a high school diploma,

the least required educational qualification. Asians, whites, and blacks are at 90% of this

attainment, while Hispanics have 77 percent. Asian leads with those people who have higher

educational attainment that is bachelor's degree and above. Asians stand at 65 percent compared

to 41% of whites, 32% of blacks, and 20% of Hispanics. These statistics show that Asians in the

United States are learned more than any other race or ethnicity.

Hispanics account for 18 percent of total employment in management, specialized, and

linked occupations. However, they were hugely represented in numerous detailed occupation

categories such as painting, building, and preservation which they took about 54 percent. Blacks
ECONOMICS 6

take the lead in the health sector, where they occupy 37 percent, security guards and taxi drivers

have 30 percent. Asians are `involved in technology-related projects like software development

18 percent, personal appearance 59 percent and 18 percent of physicians and surgeons.

Hispanics were further likely to labor in building industries in an industry-related

environment, as blacks were well-paced in transport and logistics areas. A more significant

percentage of employed women across ethnic groups worked in school or health set up with

Black women taking the lead followed by whites, Asians, and lastly Hispanics.

Table 9. Employed people by industry, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2019 annual

averages
Blac Hispani

k or c

Industry Tota Whit African Asia or Latino

and gender l e American n ethnicity

Total, 16
157,53 122,44 19,38 10,17
years and older (In 27,805
8 1 1 9
thousands)
Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture,
1.5 1.8 0.3 0.4 2.4
forestry, and fishing
Mining 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5
Construction 7.2 8.2 3.7 2.1 12.4
Manufacturin
10.0 10.2 8.4 10.5 9.5
g
Durable
6.3 6.5 4.9 7.1 5.3
goods
Nondurable
3.7 3.7 3.5 3.4 4.2
goods
Wholesale
12.5 12.7 11.9 11.0 12.9
and retail trade
Wholesale
2.2 2.4 1.6 1.8 2.2
trade
Retail trade 10.3 10.3 10.3 9.2 10.7
Transportatio
5.7 5.2 9.3 4.9 6.1
n and utilities
Information 1.8 1.7 1.6 2.3 1.2

The statistics show that 88% of each Hispanic family and Asian families have at least one

member who has attained the age of employment but has not been employed. White and Black

families also face the same situation, but at the lower percentage, that is 80 percent. The majority

of single parents come from blacks with 41 percent, followed by Hispanics, whites, and Asians at
ECONOMICS 7

25, 15, and 12 percent. Single mothers are high among Asians, having a percentage of 85

compared to blacks, whites, and Hispanics, with 77, 79, and 83 percent.

Results and Interpretation

The data focusing on the adults aged 16 and above shows that there is still a high

unemployment level among the blacks, Asians, and Hispanics compared to the whites. The

average period for Asians and blacks is 9.7 and 10.8 weeks, respectively, compared to 8.6 weeks

for whites.

Table 13. Unemployed people by the duration of unemployment, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2019

annual averages
Black

or Hispanic

Duration of Whit African Asia or Latino

unemployment Total e American n ethnicity

Total, 16 years
6,001 4,159 1,251 280 1,248
and older (In thousands)
Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5
34.8 36.6 29.0 32.6 37.2
weeks
5 to 14 weeks 29.8 29.8 30.4 30.9 29.7
15 to 26 weeks 14.3 14.1 14.9 14.0 14.4
27 weeks and
21.1 19.6 25.7 22.4 18.6
over
Average (mean)
21.6 20.2 25.3 23.1 20.1
duration, in weeks(1)
Median
9.1 8.6 10.8 9.7 8.6
duration, in weeks

Men, 16 years
3,227 2,266 645 149 657
and older (In thousands)
Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5
33.7 35.2 28.1 33.9 37.9
weeks
5 to 14 weeks 29.2 29.4 28.9 28.6 28.8
15 to 26 weeks 14.5 14.0 16.1 14.6 14.2
27 weeks and
22.5 21.4 26.9 22.9 19.2
over

Conclusion

In the data provided via the U. S Bureau of Labor Statistics, the whites have higher

chances to be employed than other races or ethnic groups. The percentage of the employment of

whites increased from 2019 to 2021 by 3.1percent, which shows that the economy and the
ECONOMICS 8

industries are doing well and expanding to accommodate more laborers. Moreover, the data

indicate that more women are employed in white color jobs, and the other counterpart occupies

the work that needs hand operations. The United States should develop a strong law that can

effectively deal with races or ethnicity to give every individual to be treated fairly in all aspects.

About the data, it can be concluded that the rate of unemployment in the United States compared

to other countries is far much better.

References

U. S Bureau of statistics. Retrieved from

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1e5QoJOTRYRRXoTF2wdPZOlzcSUu0b5K7/view?

usp=drive_web