Solution

Class 12 - Mathematics
Class 12 Mathematics (ITF) 2020-21
π
1. (a) 2

Explanation: We have, cos-1 cos 

3π

We know that,
3π
cos  2
=0
cos-1  = cos-1 0
3π
So, cos  2

Let, cos-1 0 = θ
⇒ cos θ = 0
Principal value of cos-1 x is [0, π]
For, cos θ = 0
π
So, θ  = 
2

π
2. (a) 2

Explanation: Given that sin–1 x + sin–1 y = 

π

2
π π π
Therefore, ( − cos
−1
x) + ( − cos
−1
y) =
2 2 2

–1
∴  cos x + cos–1y =  2
π

3. (b) 2

Explanation: Given,
−1 2
cos(sin 5
+ cos
−1
x)  = 0
Let, sin-1  + cos-1 x= θ
2

So, cos θ = 0 … (1)

Principal value branch of cos-1 x is [0, π] … (2)
π
Also, we know that cos 2  = 0… (3)
From (1), (2) and (3), we have
π
θ =
2

But θ  = sin-1  5  + cos-1 x

2

So,
sin-1  + cos-1 x= 
2 π

5 2
π
We know that sin-1 x+ cos-1 x=  2 , for all x ∈  [-1, 1]
As, sin-1 2  + cos-1 x= 
π

5 2
2
So, x =  5
4. (d) [0, π]
Explanation: We know that the principal value branch of cos-1x is [0, π]
5. (c) no solution
π
Explanation: Since  ta n−1 x is not defined for x = 2
. So, the given equation has no solution.
3π
6. (b) 4

Explanation: Let the principle value be given by x

also, let x = cos-1(
−1
)
√2

−1
⇒ cos x =
√2

π π 1
⇒ cos x = − cos( ) (∵ cos( ) = )
4 4 √2
π
⇒  cos x = cos (π − )  (∵ -cos (θ ) = cos (π − θ )}
4
3π
⇒ x =
4
 3π
7. (a) 2
−√3
Explanation: Given: sin-1(  + 2 cos-1(
−1
) )
2 2

−1 −√3
Let, x = sin-1( 2
)
 + 2 cos-1( 2
)

√3
     (∵  sin-1(-θ ) = - sin(θ ) and cos-1(-θ ) = - cos-1(θ ))
−1 1 −1
⇒ x = − sin ( ) + 2 [π − cos ( )]
2 2

π π
⇒  x = − ( 6 ) + 2 [π − 6
]
π 5π
⇒  x = − ( 6 ) + 2 [ 6
]
π 5π
⇒  x = − +
6 3
3π
⇒ x =
2

5π
8. (d) 6
7π
Explanation: cos−1 (cos )
6

(For cos-1(cos x) type of problem we have to always check whether the angle is in the principal range or
π π
not. This angle must be in the principal range [− 2 , 2
] )
So here, 
7π
∉ [0, π]
6
7π
Now, cos−1 (cos ) can be written as,
6
−1 7π
cos (cos )
6
π
 = cos −1
[cos(π + )]
6

 = -cos-1(cos
π π π π

6
) ,   where − 6 ∈ [−
2
,
2
] ,    [since, cos(π + x) = -cosx]
= π - cos-1 (cos  as cos-1(-x) = π – cos-1
π
)
6
π 5π
 = π − 6
=
6

7π 5π

Hence, cos(cos 6
) =
6

9. (d) [–1, 1]
Explanation: y = sin–1 (– x2) ⇒ siny = – x2
i.e. – 1 ≤ – x2 ≤ 1      (since – 1 ≤ sin y ≤ 1)
⇒ 1 ≥ x2 ≥ – 1
⇒ 0 ≤ x2 ≤ 1
⇒ |x| ≤  1 i.e.− 1 ≤  x ≤ 1

10. (d) 4a = 3β
5π
Explanation: α = tan
−1
(tan
4
)
−1 π
⇒ α = tan (tan(π + ))
4
−1 π
⇒ α = tan (tan( ))
4
π
⇒ α =
4

and
−1 2π
β = tan (tan(π − ))
3
−1 π
β = tan (tan( ))
3
π
β =
3
π
4α = 4 × = π  ...(i)
4
π
3β = 3 ×
3
= π  ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii)
4α = 3β

11. (c) tan-1 x

Explanation: Put, tan-1 x = z
2 tan-1 {cosec (tan-1 x) - tan (cot-1 x)}
 = 2 tan-1 {cosec (tan-1 x|) - tan (tan−1
1

x
) }
= 2 tan-1 {cosec (tan-1 x) − x }
1

= 2 tan-1 {cosec z − tan z }

1

−1 1 cos z
= 2 tan { − }
sin z sin z

−1 1−cos z
= 2 tan { }
sin z

2 z
2 sin
−1
 {
2
= 2 tan z z }
2 sin cos
2 2

−1 z
= 2 tan (tan )
2
z
= 2×
2

=z
= tan-1 x
12. (a) 18 - 18 cos θ
−−−−− −−−−−
Explanation: cos-1 x + cos-1 y = cos-1 (xy − √1 − x2 √1 − y 2 )
y
−1 x −1 θ
⇒ cos + cos =
3 2 2
−−−−−−− −−−−−−−
y 2 y 2
−1 x x 6
⇒ cos ( × − √1 − ( ) √1 − ( ) ) =
3 2 3 2 2

−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−
2
xy 2 y
x θ
⇒ − √1 − ( ) √1 − ( ) = cos
6 9 4 2

θ
xy−6 cos √9−x2 √4−y 2
2
⇒ =
6 6
θ
−−−− − −−−− −
2 2
⇒ xy − 6 cos = √9 − x √4 − y
2

Taking square on both sides,

 x2y2 - 12xy cos  2  + 369 cos2  2  = (9 - x2) (4 - y2)
θ θ
⇒

 x2y2 - 12xy cos   + 36 cos2   36 - 9y2  - 4x2 + x2y2

θ θ
⇒
2 2

 4x2 + 9y2 - 12xy cos 2   = 36 (1 − cos2

θ θ
⇒ )
2 2

 4x2 + 9y2 - 12xy cos2   = 36 (1 −

θ 1+cos θ
⇒ )
2 2

 4x2 + 9y2 - 12xy cos2  2  = 18 - 18 cos θ

θ
⇒

13. (d) 0
π
Explanation: sin −1 (1 − x) − 2 sin −1 x =  
2

Now, we will put x = sin y in the given equation, and we get

−1 −1 π
sin (1 − sin y) − 2 sin sin y =
2
 
−1 π
⇒ sin (1 − sin y) − 2y =
2
 
π
⇒ sin
−1
(1 − sin y) = + 2y  
2
π
⇒ 1 − sin y = sin( + 2y)  
2
π
⇒ 1 − sin y = cos 2y(as sin( + x) = cos x)  
2

 
⇒ 1 − cos2y = siny

⇒ 2 sin2y = siny

⇒ siny. (2siny − 1) = 0
1
 
⇒ siny = 0  or  siny =
2
1
∴    x = 0  or  x =
2
1
Now, if we put x =  2 , then we will see that,
−1 1 −1 1
L.H.S. = sin (1 −
2
) − 2 sin
2
 
−1 1 −1 1
= sin (
2
) − 2 sin
2
 
−1 1
= − sin 2
 
π π
= − 6 ≠
2
≠  R.H.S
 Hence, x =  1  is not the solution of the given equation.
2

Thus, x = 0
14. (c) 6
Explanation: Given, cos–1α + cos–1β + cos–1γ = 3π … (1)
Principal value of cos-1 x is [0, π]
So, maximum value which cos-1 x can have is π.
So, if (1) is correct then all the three terms i.e,
cos–1α, cos–1β, cos–1γ should be equal to π
So, cos–1α = π
cos–1β = π
cos–1γ = π
So, α = β = γ = -1
So, α(β + γ) + β (γ + α) + γ (α + β)
= (-1)(-1-1) + (-1)(-1-1) + (-1)(-1-1)
= 3(-1)(-2)
=6
1
15. (c) 2
√1+x

x
Explanation: cot−1 x = θ ⇒ x = cot θ ⇒ cot θ =
1
Perp. 1
−1
 sin(cot x) = sin θ = = .
Hyp. √x2 +1

16. (b) all x>0

1 π
Explanation: tan−1 x + tan−1 ( x ) = 2
−1 1 π −1 −1
tan ( ) = − tan x = cot x ∀x ∈ R
x 2
−1 1 −1
∴ tan ( ) = cot x
x

⇒  x > 0
1
Since, we know that tan−1 ( x ) = cot
−1
x  when x>0
π
17. (c) −
3

Explanation: Let us take

–
(√3) = x  Then we get,
−1
tan
– π
tanx = √3 = tan
3
 
π
⇒  x =
3

We know that range of the principle value branch of tan-1 is [− 2 ,

π π

2
]  
– π
Therefore,x =  tan
−1
(√3) =
3
 
Let sec −1
(−2) = y  then we get,
π π 2π
 sec y = −2 = − sec
3
= sec(π −
3
) = sec(
3
)  
We know that range of the principle value branch of sec-1 is [0, π] 
2π
Therefore, sec −1 (−2) = 3
 
– π 2π π
Hence, tan −1
√3 −   sec
−1
(−2) =  3 − 3
= −
3

1
18. (c)
2 √2

1 √63
Explanation: sin( 4 sin −1 8
)

−1 √63
Let, sin 8
= x

√63
sin x = 8
−−−− −−− −
2
cos x  = √1 − sin x
−−−− −
63
cos x = √1 −
64

1
cos x =
8
 Consider,
√63
1 −1
sin( sin )
4 8

1
= sin( x)
4
−−−−−−
x
1−cos
1−cos 2x
      (∵
2
= √ sin x = )
2 2
−−−−−−−−
1+c os x
1−√
√ 2 1+cos 2x
=    (∵ cos x = )
2 2
− −−−−− −
 1
 1+

 1−√ 8

= ⎷
2

−−−−
3
1−

= √
4

2
−
−
1
= √
8

1
=
2 √2

19. (a) 0
5π −1 5π
Explanation: cos−1 (cos 3
) + sin (sin
3
)

−1 π −1 π
= cos (cos(2π − )) + sin (sin(2π − ))
3 3
−1 π −1 π
= cos (cos( ))+ sin (− sin( ))
3 3
π −1 π
= cos
−1
(cos(
3
 
)) − sin (sin(
3
))
π π
= −
3 3

=0
π π
20. (c) (− 2 , 2
)
π π
Explanation: (− 2 , 2
)

π
21. (a)
4

1
Explanation: si n−1 ( ) + cot
−1
(3)
√5

1 1 1 1
⇒ tan
−1
(
2
) + ta n
−1
(
3
)because  2
.
3
< 1

1 1
( )+( )
2 3
−1
⇒ tan ( )
1 1
1−( )( )
2 3

−1 π
⇒ tan (1) =
4

22. (a) x
Explanation: Put cos-1 x = u
sin[cot-1 {tan(cos-1 x)}]
= sin [cot-1 {tan (u)}]
−1 π
= sin[ cot {cot( − u)}]
2
π
= sin[ − u]
2

= cos u
= x     [∵  cos-1 x = u ⇒ x = cos u]
3π
23. (b) 4

Explanation: Let the principle value be given by x

also, let x = cot-1 (-1)
⇒ cot x = -1
π π
⇒  cot x = -cot ( ) (∵ cot( ) = 1)
4 4
π
⇒  cot x = cot (π − ) (∵ − cot(θ) = cot(π − θ))
4
3π
⇒ x =
4
24. (b) α = 0, β = π
−π π
Explanation: We have  ≤ sin
−1
x ≤
2 2

 sin-1 x +  2
−π π π π π
⇒   2
+
2
≤ ≤
2
+
2

⇒  0 ≤ sin–1x + (sin–1x + cos–1x) ≤ π

⇒  0 ≤ 2sin–1x + cos–1x ≤ π

25. (c) 36 sin2θ

y
x
Explanation: cos−1 2
+ cos
−1

3
= θ

We know that,
−−−−− −−−−−
cos-1 x + cos-1 y = cos-1 (xy − √1 − x2 √1 − y 2 )
−−−−− −−−−−
2
y 2 y
−1 x x
cos ( × − √1 − √1 − ) = θ
2 3 4 9

−−−− − −−−−−
xy − √1 − x2 √1 − y 2 = 6 cos θ
−−−− − − −−− −
2
xy − 6 cos θ = √1 − x √1 − y
2
 
(xy - 6 cos θ )2 =
(1 - x2) (1 - y2)
Simplifying this you will get
9x2 - 12xy cos θ  + 4y2 = 36 sin2 θ
4
26. (c) 5

Explanation: Let x = sin cos-1

3

5
3
⇒ cos x =
5
−−−−−−−−
Now, sin x = √1 − cos2 x
−−−−−−−
2
3
= √1 − ( )
5

4
=  5
−1 4 −1 3
⇒ x = sin = cos
5 5

Therefore
Sin (cos-1 ) = sin (sin-1
3 4

5 5
)
Let , y = sin (sin-1
4
)
5

 sin-1 y = sin-1
4
⇒
5
4
⇒  y = 
5

π
27. (b) 4
√41
Explanation: Given: cos-19 + cosec-1  4
√41
Now, cos-19 + cosec-1  4
 cna be written in terms of tan inverse as
cos-19 + cosec-1   = tan-1 1  + tan-1 4
√41

4 9 5
x+y
Since we know that tan-1x + tan-1y = tan-1( 1−xy )
1 4
+

 tan-1 + tan-1  = tan-1(

1 4 9 5
⇒ )
9 5 1 4
1−( × )
9 5

−1 41
= tan ( )
41
−1 π
= tan (1) =
4

−π
28. (a) 6

Explanation: Let the principle value be given by x

also, let x = sin-1 (
−1
)
2

−1
⇒ sin x =
2
π π 1
⇒ sin x = -sin ( 6 ) (∵ sin(
6
) =
2
)
 π
⇒  sin x = sin (− 6 ) (∵ − sin(θ) = sin(−θ))
π
⇒ x=−
4
−−−−
29. (a) √tan θ
−−−− −−−−
Explanation: u = cot
−1
{√tan θ } − tan
−1
{√tan θ
−−−−
Put, √tan θ = z
⇒  u = cot-1 x - tan -1 z
 - tan-1 z - tan-1 z
π
⇒ u =
2

 - 2 tan-1 z
π
⇒ u =
2

 ⇒ 2 tan-1 z =
π
− u
2
−1 π u
⇒ tan z = −
4 2
π u
⇒ z = tan( − )
4 2
−−−− π u
⇒ √tan θ = tan( − )
4 2

30. (a) π
Explanation: tan−1 x + tan
−1
y + tan
−1
z
x+y
−1 −1
⇒ tan [ ] + tan z
1−xy

x+y
+z
1−xy
−1
⇒ tan [ x+y
]
1−( )z
1−xy

x+y+z−xyz

−1 1−xy
= tan [ 1−xy−xz−yz
]

1−xy

xyz−xyz
−1
= tan [ ] x + y + z = xyz
1−xy−xz−yz

−1
= tan (0) = π

31. (b) 0 ≤ x < 12

32. (a) [1, 2]
Explanation: f(x) = [1, 2]
−−−−− −−−−−
⇒ 0 ≤  x - 1 ≤  1 [Since,√x − 1  ≥  0 and -1 ≤  √x − 1  ≤  1]

⇒ 1 ≤  x ≤  2

∴  x ∈  [1, 2]

33. (c) 1
1 1
Explanation: sin −1 (− 2 ) = − sin
−1
(
2
),  as si n−1 (−x) = −si n
−1
x  
π π π π π
We all know that the principle branch of  si n −1
x    is [− , ]   and − ∈ [− , ]
2 2 6 2 2
1 π
∴    sin −1
(− ) = −  
2 6
π −1 1 π π 3π π
Now, sin( 3 − sin (−
2
)) = sin(
3
+
6
) = sin(
6
) = sin(
2
) = 1  
π −1 1
Hence, the value of sin( 3 − sin (−
2
)) = 1  
3
34. (b) 29

1 4
Explanation: To find the value of tan{cos−1 − sin
−1
}
5 √2 √17

1 4
Put, cos−1 = u  and sin −1 = v
5 √2 √17

1 4
= cos u  and  = sin v
5 √2 √17

⇒  tan u = 7 and tan z = 4

Using properties of trigonometry.
1 4
tan{ cos
−1
− sin
−1
}  = tan (y - z)
5 √2 √17

tan y−tan z 7−4 3

tan (y - z) = 1+tan y tan z
=
1+28
 = 29

35. (a) [–1, 1]

Explanation: The domain of cos is R and the domain of sin–1 is [–1, 1]. Therefore, the domain of cosx + sin–
 1x is R ∩ [–1,1] , i.e., [–1, 1].
36. (d) −π
Explanation: cos−1 (x) + cos
−1
(y) = 2π
π −1 π −1 −1 −1 π
⇒ − sin (x) + − sin (y) = 2π, sin (x) + cos (x) =
2 2 2
−1 −1
⇒ sin (x) + sin (y) = −π

37. (d) 1 ⩾ x ⩾ 0
Explanation: let x = cos θ
−1 2 −1 2
cos (2x − 1) ⇒ cos (2cos θ − 1)

⇒ cos
−1
(cos 2θ) = 2θ = 2cos
−1
x  if and only if 
x
0 ⩽ 2θ ⩽ π ⇒ 0 ⩽ θ ⩽
2

0 ⩽ π ⩽ 1
x
⇒ cos 0 ⩾ cos θ ⩾ cos(
2
)  since cosine is decreasing function
⇒ 1 ⩾ x ⩾ 0

This is true for all real values of x∈ [0,1]

1
38. (d)
√1+x2

Explanation: Put ,tan-1x = θ  ⇒ x= tanθ

x Perp. Base. 1
 ⇒ tan θ = = ⇒ cos θ = = .
1 Base. Hyp. √1+x
2

1
39. (a)
√10

1 4
Explanation: The given equation is sin( cos
−1
)
2 5

Let x = cos-1 5
4

4
cos x =  5
1 4 1 x
Therefore sin( cos
−1
 becomes sin (
) x) , i.e sin( )
2 5 2 2
−−−−−
x 1−cos x
We know that sin( ) = √
2 2
−−−−
4
1−

= √
5

2
−
−
1

= √
5

x 1
sin( 2 ) =
√10

1
40. (d)
2
−1 π
Explanation: Because sin x + cos
−1
x =
2
1
then, x = 2

because 
−1 1 π
sin =
2 6
−1 1 π
cos =
2 3

– – – –
41. (d) [− √5, − √3] ∪ [√3, √5]

Explanation: y = cos–1 (x2 – 4)

⇒ cosy = x2 – 4
i.e. – 1 ≤ x2 – 4 ≤ 1   ...(since – 1 ≤ cos y ≤ 1)
⇒ 3 ≤ x2 ≤ 5
2
– –
N ow, x ≤ 5   ⇒
√5 ≤ |x| ≤ √5
– –
and  3 ≤ x  ⇒   x ≤ − √3  and  x ≥ √3,
– – – –
⇒ x ∈ [− √5, − √3] ∪ [√3, √5]

π
42. (b) 2

Explanation: Given: tan-1(-1) + cos(

−1
)
√2
 Let, x = tan-1(-1) + cos-1(
−1
)
√2

 x = -tan-1(1) + (π - cos-1( )) (∵  tan-1(-θ ) = -tan-1(θ ) and cos-1(-θ ) = π - cos-1(θ ))

−1
⇒
√2
π π
⇒ x = − + (π − )
4 4
π 3π
⇒ x = − +
4 4
π
⇒ x =
2

43. (c) One

Explanation: As no value of x in ( 0, 1) can satisfy the given equation.Thus, the given equation has only one
solution.
2π
44. (d) 9

Explanation: cos–1 (cos (680°))

= cos–1 [cos (720° – 40°)]
= cos–1 [cos (– 40°)]
= cos–1 [cos (40°)]
= 40°
2π
=  .
9

80
45. (d) 89

Explanation: Let, x = sin(2 tan1 )

5

We know that, 2 tan-1 x = sin-1(

2x
2
)
1+x
5
2( )

x = sin(sin-1 ( )= sin-1( 89 )) =  89
8 80 80

2
)
5
1+( )
8

π
46. (d)
4

Explanation: Given:tan-1  2  + tan-1  3

1 1

Let, x = tan-1   + tan-1 

1 1

2 3

Since we know that, tan-1x + tan-1y = tan-1 (

x+y
)
1−xy

1 1
+

 tan-11 + tan-1 3  = tan-1(  = tan-1 1 = 

1 2 3 π
⇒ )
1 1 4
1−( × )
3 2

π
47. (b)
6

Explanation: Let the principle value be given by x

Now, let x = cos-1(
√3
)
2

√3
⇒ cos x =
2

π π √3
⇒ cos x = cos ( ) (∵ cos( ) = )
6 6 2

π
⇒ x= 6

π
48. (c)
4

Explanation: Let x = cot-1 (cot

5π
)
4
5π
⇒ cot x = cot ( )
4
π π
Here the range of principle value of cot is [− , ]
2 2
5π π π
⇒ x = ∉ [− , ]
4 2 2
π π
Hence for all values of x in range [− 2 , 2
] , the value of
cot-1 (cot
5π
)  is
4
π 5π π
⇒  cot x = cot (π + )     (∵  cot (  = cot (π +
) )
)
4 4 4
 π
⇒  cot x = cot ( 4 )   (∵  cot (π + θ) = cot θ )
π
⇒ x =
4

49. (b) 7
Explanation: Let 2 cot-1 3 = y
y
Then, cot  2   =3
π −1 π
cot( − 2 cot 3) = cot( − y)
4 4
π
cot cot y+1
4
= π
cot y−cot
4

cot y+1
=
cot y−1
y
2
c ot −1
2
+1
y
2 c ot
2
= y
c ot2 −1
2
−1
y
2 c ot
2
y y
2
cot +2 cot −1
2 2
= y y
2
cot −2 cot −1
2 2

9+6−1
=
9−6−1

=7
π π
50. (a) − ≤ y ≤
2 2

Explanation: sin-1 x = y ⇒ siny = x

π π
We know that range of the principle value branch of si n−1 x is [− , ]
2 2

Because, we know that 

−1 ≤ siny ≤ 1 
π π
⇒ sin(− ) ≤ siny ≤ sin( )
2 2
π π
Therefore, − ≤ y ≤  
2 2