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noice
September 2023
1
1 Question 1
1.1 Prove 2 cosh2 x − 1 = cosh 2x
cosh 2x = 2 cosh2 x − 1
2
1 2x −2x
1 x −x
=⇒ e +e =2 e +e −1
2 2
1 x 2
=2· e + e−x − 1
4
1 2x
e + e−2x + 2 − 1
=
2
1 2x
e + e−2x + 1 − 1
=
2
1
e2x + e−2x
=
2
= cosh 2x
1.3 Show y = cosh 2x−10 cosh x+13 has 3 stationary points, find their coordinates.
f (x) = cosh 2x − 10 cosh x + 13
=⇒ f ′ (x) = 2 sinh 2x − 10 sinh x
Stationary points ⇐⇒ f (x) = 0,
=⇒ 2 sinh 2x − 10 sinh x = 0
=⇒ sinh 2x − 5 sinh x = 0
=⇒ 2 sinh x · cosh x − 5 sinh x = 0
=⇒ sinh x (2 cosh x − 5) = 0
5
∴ sinh x = 0 cosh x =
2
2
Using the definitions of sinh−1 and cosh−1 ,
−1 5 −1
x = sinh (0) x = cosh
2
s
2
5 5
=⇒ x = 0 =⇒ x = ln + − 1
2 2
√ !
5 + 21
= ln
2
3
1.4 Sketch the curve
4
2 Question 2
2.1 Prove cosh 2u = 1 + 2 sinh2 u
cosh 2u = 1 + 2 sinh2 u
2
1 2u 1 u
e + e−2u = 1 + 2 e − e−u
=⇒
2 2
1 u 2
=1+2· e − e−u
4
1 2u
e + e−2u − 2
=1+
2
1 2u
e + e−2u
=1−1+
2
1 2u
e + e−2u
=
2
= cosh 2u
√
Prove cosh−1 (x) = ln x +
2.2 x2 − 1
cosh u = x ⇐⇒ u = cosh−1 x
1 u
e + e−u = x
=⇒
2
=⇒ eu + e−u = 2x
=⇒ e2u − 2xeu + 1 = 0
2
=⇒ (eu − x) − x2 + 1 = 0
2
=⇒ (eu − x) = x2 − 1
p
=⇒ eu − x = x2 − 1
p
=⇒ eu = x + x2 − 1
p
=⇒ u = ln x + x2 − 1
5
R ln 5
2.3 Show that 0
sinh2 udu = 78
25
− 12 ln 5
Z ln 5
I= sinh2 udu
0
ln 5
cosh 2u − 1
Z
= du
0 2
Z ln 5
1
= cosh 2u − 1du
2 0
ln 5
1 1
= sinh u − u
2 2 0
1 1 2 ln 5 −2 ln 5
1
= e −e − ln 5 ignore lower limit since sinh u = 0
4 2 2
1 1 1
= 52 − 2 − ln 5
8 5 2
78 1
= − ln 5 (as required)
25 2
R 1.3
2.4 Show that √ 1 dx = 12 (ln 5 − ln 2)
0.625 4x2 −1
Z 1.3
1
I= √ dx
0.625 4x2 − 1
Z 1.3
1
= q dx
0.625 2 x2 − 14
Z 1.3
1 1
= q dx
2 0.625 x2 − 1
4
1 1.3
= cosh−1 2x 0.625
2
1h p p i
= ln 2 · 1.3 + (2 · 1.3)2 − 1 − ln 2 · 0.625 + (2 · 0.625)2 − 1
2
1
= (ln 5 − ln 2) (as required)
2
R 1.3 √
2.5 Find 0.5
4x2 − 1dx
Z 1.3 p
I= 4x2 − 1dx
0.5
sinh u
cosh u = 2x =⇒ sinh udu = 2dx =⇒ dx = du
2
6
Since we are letting 2x = cosh u, we need to change the limits accordingly,
Z cosh−1 (2·1.3) p sinh u
∴I= cosh2 u − 1 · du
cosh−1 (2·0.5) 2
ln 5
sinh2 u
Z
= du
ln 1 2
1 ln 5
Z
= sinh2 udu
2 0
1 78 1
= − ln 5 (from 2.3)
2 25 2
39 1
= − ln 5
25 4
7
3 Question 3
f (x) = 2 sinh2 x − 5 cosh x
2 sinh2 x − 5 cosh x − 10 = 0
=⇒ 2 cosh2 x − 1 − 5 cosh x − 10 = 0
=⇒ 2 cosh2 x − 5 cosh x − 12 = 0
=⇒ (2 cosh x + 3) (cosh x − 4) = 0
3
∴ cosh x = − , cosh x = 4
2
cosh−1 x is only defined for x ≥ 1, so using the definitions gives
x = cosh−1 (4)
p
= ln 4 ± 42 − 1
√
= ln 4 ± 15
= ln 2
x = 0, − ln 2, ln 2
Using x = 0,
8
Using x = ln 2,
f (− ln 2) = 2 sinh2 (− ln 2) − 5 cosh (− ln 2)
41
=−
8
41 41
∴ stationary points = (0, −5), ln 2, − , − ln 2, −
8 8
R ln 10 99
3.3 Show that 0
f (x)dx = 400
− ln 10
Z ln 10
I= 2 sinh2 x − 5 cosh xdx
0
ln 10
2 · cosh 2x − 1
Z
= − 5 cosh xdx
0 2
Z ln 10
= cosh 2x − 5 cosh x − 1dx
0
ln 10
1
= sinh 2x − 5 sinh x − x ignore lower limit since sinh u = 0
2 0
1 1 2 ln 10 5 ln 10−e− ln 10
− e−2 ln 10 −
= e e − ln 10
2 2 2
1 1 5 1
= 102 − 2 − 10 − − ln 10
4 10 2 10
99
= − ln 10 (as required)
400
9
4 Question 4
R2
4.1 Find √ 1 dx
0 4x2 +9
Z 2
1
I= √ dx
0 4x2 + 9
Z 2
1
= p dx
(2x) 2 + 32
0
2
2x
= sinh−1 ignore lower limit since sinh u = 0
3 0
4
= sinh−1
3
s
2
4 4
= ln + + 1
3 3
= ln 3
f ′′ (0) 2
f (x) ≈ f (0) + f ′ (0)x + x
2!
s 2 !
4 4 1 −9(3(0) + 4)
≈ ln +0 + + 0 + 1 + p x+ 3 x2
3 3 9(0)2 + 24(0) + 25 (9(0)2 + 24(0) + 25) 2
3 18 2
≈ ln 3 + x − x
5 125
10
Rh
x sinh−1 4
+ x ≈ 25 h3
4.4 Hence show that when h is small, −h 3
Z h
3 18 2
I≈ x ln 3 + x − x dx
−h 5 125
Z h
3 18 3
≈ x ln 3 + x2 − x dx
−h 5 125
h
ln 3 2 1 3 9 4
≈ x + x − x
2 5 250 −h
ln 3 2 1 3 9 4 ln 3 2 1 3 9 4
≈ h + h − h − (−h) + (−h) − (−h)
2 5 250 2 5 250
ln 3 2 ln 3 2 1 3 1 3 9 4 9
≈ h − h + h + h − h − − (−h)4
2 2 5 5 250 250
2
≈ h3 (as required)
5
11