TRIGONOMETRY

Perp. base
D A C D
CONTENTS  Hypotenuse 

Perp.
Hypo. Hypo.
 Right Angle Triangle E F B
Perpendicular
 Trigonometric Ratio (T.R.) of some A
Specific Angles
 Trigonometric Ratios of
B C
Complementary Angles
Hypotenuse Perpendicular Base
 Trigonometric Identities for A AC BC AB
for C AC AB BC
Trigonometry is the branch of mathematics in The trigonometry ratio are
which we study of relationships between the sides sine of cosine of , tangent of ,
& angles of a triangle. cotangent of , secant of , cosecant of .
These ratios are abbreviated as sin , cos , tan ,
Fact : In Greek words :
cot , sec , cosec  and the relation with sides
Tri = three are
gon = sides D
(H)
metron = measure (P)
The ratio of sides of a right angle triangle 
E F
with respect to acute angles are called (B)
"Trigonometric ratios of the angle". sin  = P/H = DE/DF
 RIGHT ANGLE TRIANGLE cos  = B/H = EF/DF
tan  = P/B = DE/EF
1. A  having one angle equal to 90º is called
right angle . cot  = B/P = EF/DE

2. The sum of other two acute (Less than 90º) sec  = H/B = DF/EF
angles is 90º. (or both acute angles are cosec  = H/P = DF/DE
complementary) 1 1
By above table sin  = , cos  = ,
3. The side opposite to 90º, is called hypotenuse, cos ec sec 
it is longest side in . 1 sin  P/H P
tan  = also tan  = = =
4. The side opposite to given one acute angle is cot  cos  B/ H B
perpendicular.  we can say ‘‘Trigonometric Ratio’’ represents
5. The rest (IIIrd) side is base. ratio between acute angles & sides of triangle.

 EXAMPLES  A P
Ex.1 If ABC is right angle triangle, B = 90º,
AB = 12 cm, AC = 13 cm then find sin A and
cos C.
C B R Q
Sol. Using Pythagoras theorem
A AC
We have sin B =
AB
12 13 PR
and sin Q =
PQ
B C
AC PR
BC = AC 2  AB2 = 169  144 = 5 cm Then =
AB PQ
BC 5 AC AB
 sin A = = Therefore, = = k, say ....(1)
AC 13 PR PQ
AB 12
cos C = = Ans. Now, using Pythagoras theorem,
AC 13
1 BC = AB 2  AC 2
Ex.2 If sin A = in right triangle ABC, then
2
and QR = PQ 2  PR 2
find value of tan A, cosec A, tan B, cosec B.
A BC AB2  AC 2
So, =
Sol. 2
QR PQ 2  PR 2
1
k 2 PQ 2  k 2 PR 2
C B =
1 PQ 2  PR 2
1 BC
sin A = =
2 AB k PQ 2  PR 2
= = k .....(2)
PQ 2  PR 2
 AC = AB 2  BC 2 = ( 2k ) 2  (k ) 2
From (1) and (2), we have
2 2 2
= 2k  k = k =k AC AB BC
= =
BC k PR PQ QR
 tan A = = =1
AC k
Then, by using Theorem, ACB ~ PRQ and
1 2k therefore, B = Q.
cosec A = = = 2
sin A k
Ex.4 Consider ACB, right-angled at C, in which
AC k AB = 29 units, BC = 21 units and ABC = 
tan B = = =1
BC k (see figure). Determine the value of
AB 2k (i) cos2  + sin2,
cosec B = = = 2
AC k
(ii) cos2  – sin2 [NCERT]
Ex.3 If B and Q are acute angles such that sin
A
B = sin Q, then prove that B = Q.
[NCERT] 29
Sol. Let us consider two right triangles ABC and

PQR where sin B = sin Q. C B
21
Sol. In ACB, we have A

AC = AB 2  BC 2 = (29) 2  (21) 2 17k

8k
= (29  21)(29  21) = (8)(50)
B C
15k
= 400 = 20 units
AC 20 BC 21 AC = AB 2  BC 2 = 64k 2  225k 2
So, sin  = = , cos  = =
AB 29 AB 29
= 289k 2 = 17k
2 2
 20   21  BC 15k 15
Now, (i) cos2 + sin2 =   +   sin A = = =
 29   29  AC 17 k 17
20 2  212 400  441 AC 17 k 17
= = = 1, sec A = = = Ans.
29 2 841 AB 8k 8
2 2
 21   20 
and (ii) cos2 – sin2 =   –   13
 29   29  Ex.7 Given sec  = , calculate all other
12
( 21  20)(21  20) 41 trigonometric ratios. [NCERT]
= 2
= .
29 841 13 Hypotenuse
Sol. sec  = =
Ex.5 In  OPQ, right-angled at P, OP = 7 cm and 12 Base
OQ – PQ = 1 cm (see figure). Determine the
values of sin Q and cos Q. [NCERT]  perpendicular = (13k ) 2  (12k ) 2
Q
= (169  144)k 2 = 5 k
P 5k 5
 sin  = = =
H 13k 13
1 12
P O cos  = =
7 cm sec  13
Sol. In OPQ, we have P 5k 5
tan  = = =
OQ2 = OP2 + PQ2 B 12k 12
i.e (1 + PQ)2 = OP2 + PQ2 B 12k 12
i.e. 1 + PQ2 + 2PQ = OP2 + PQ2 cot  = = =
P 5k 5
i.e. 1 + 2PQ = 72 H 13k 13
i.e. PQ = 24 cm and OQ = 1 + PQ = 25 cm cosec  = = =
P 5k 5
7 24 Ex.8 In ABC, right –angled at B, AB = 7 cm and
So, sin Q = and cos Q =
25 25 (AC – BC) = 1 cm. Find the values of sin C
Note : and cos C.
1. The values of sin  & cos  are always less than Sol. Consider ABC in which B = 90º, AB = 7 cm
or equal to 1 & greater than or equal to –1. and (AC – BC) = 1 cm.
2. Value of tan  & cot  lie between –  to +  C
3. sin A, cos A, etc. are not product of sin and A.
x cm
4. (sin A)2  sin A2 etc.
(x –1)cm
Ex.6 Given 15 cot A = 8, find sin A and sec A.
[NCERT] A B
8 base    7 cm
Sol. cot A = =   Let AC = x cm.
15 perpendicular
Then, BC = (x – 1) cm
 By Pythagoras theorem, we have : P 8k 8
 sin  = = =
AB2 + BC2 = AC2  (7)2 + (x – 1)2 = x2 H 113k 113
 49 + x2 – 2x + 1 = x2 B 7k 7
cos  = = =
 2x = 50 H 113k 113
 x = 25 (1  sin )(1  sin )
C (i)
(1  cos )(1  cos )

25 cm  8  8 
1   1  
113   113 
24 cm = 
 7  7 
1   1  
A B  113   113 
7 cm
  AC = 25 cm, BC = (25 – 1)cm = 24 cm ( 113  8)( 113  8)
=
and AB = 7 cm. ( 113  7)( 113  7)
For T-ratios of C, we have 113  64 49
= = Ans.
base = BC = 24 cm, 113  49 64
perpendicular = AB = 7 cm and 2 2
 B  7k  49
hypotenuse = AC = 25 cm. (ii) cot2 =   =   = Ans.
P  8k  64
AB 7 BC 24
sin C = = and cos C = = . Ex.11 If 3 cot A = 4, check whether
AC 25 AC 25
Ex.9 If A and B are acute angles such that 1  tan 2 A
2
= cos2 A – sin2A or not.
cos A = cos B, then show that A = B. 1  tan A
[NCERT] [NCERT]
Sol. cos A = cos B 4 3
Sol.  cot A = tan A =
AC BC 3 4
=
AB AB C
A
3k

B A
4k
C B
 AC = AB 2  BC 2 = 16k 2  9k 2
 AC = BC
  is an isosceles  = 25k 2 = 5k
 A = B Proved. 3k 3
 sin A = =
5k 5
7 4k 4
Ex.10 If cot  = , evaluate : [NCERT] cos A = =
8 5k 5
(1  sin )(1  sin ) 1  tan 2 A
(i) , (ii) cot2  LHS =
(1  cos )(1  cos ) 1  tan 2 A
7 Base B 2
Sol. cot  = =  3 9
8 Perpendicular P 1   1
= 4 = 16
H= (8k ) 2  (7 k ) 2 = (64  49) k 3
2 9
1  1
4 16
= 113 k
 (16  9) / 16 7 P
= = Sol.
(16  9) / 16 25
RHS = cos2A – sin2A
16 9 7
= – = Q R
25 25 25
 PR + QR = 25 cm
LHS = RHS
PQ = 5 cm
Let PR = x cm
Ex.12 In triangle ABC, right-angled at B, if
1 QR = (25 – x) cm
tan A = , find the value of : [NCERT] Using Pythagoras theorem
3
PR2 = PQ2 + QR2
(i) sin A cos C + cos A sin C
x2 = 52 + (25 – x)2
(ii) cos A cos C – sin A sin C
x2 = 25 + 625 + x2 – 50x
1 P
Sol. tan A = = 50x = 650
3 B
x = 13 cm = PR
A
QR = 25 – 13 = 12 cm.
QR 12k 12
3k sin P =  
PR 13k 13
B C PQ 5k 5
k cos P =  
PR 13k 13
AC = ( 3k ) 2  ( k ) 2 = 3k 2  k 2 = 2k QR 12k 12
tan P =   Ans.
BC k 1 PQ 5k 5
 sin A = = = ;
AC 2k 2
3
Ex.14 If sin A = , find cos A and tan A.
AB 3k 3 5
sin C =   ;
AC 2k 2 Perpendicular 3
Sol. Since sin A = = , so
AB 3k 3 Hypotenuse 5
cos A =   ;
AC 2k 2 We draw a triangle ABC, right angled at B
BC k 1 such that
cos C =   C
AC 2k 2
(i) sin A cos C + cos A sin C
5 3
 1  1   3  3 
=     
 2  2   2  2 
1 3 A 4 B
= + =1
4 4 Perpendicular = BC = 3 units,
(ii) cos A cos C – sin A sin C and, Hypotenuse = AC = 5 units.
 3  1   1  3  By Pythagoras theorem, we have
=   
 2  2   2  2 
– AC2 = AB2 + BC2
     52 = AB2 + 32
3 3  AB2 = 52 – 32
= – =0
4 4  AB2 = 16  AB = 4
Ex.13 In PQR, right-angled at Q, PR + QR = 25 cm When we consider the t-ratio of A, we have
and PQ = 5 cm. Determine the values of Base = AB = 4, Perpendicular = BC = 3,
sin P, cos P and tan P. [NCERT] Hypotenuse = AC = 5.
 Base 4 B such that Base = AB = 1 and Perpendicular
 cos A = =
Hypotenuse 5 = BC = 2 – 1.
Perpendicular 3 By Pythagoras theorem, we have
and, tan A = =
Base 4 AC2 = AB2 + BC2
C
Ex.15 If cosec A = 10 , find other five
trigonometric ratios. 2 1
Hypotenuse 10
Sol. Since cosec A = = , A 1 B
Perpendicular 1
 AC2 = 12 + ( 2  1) 2
so we draw a right triangle ABC, right angled
at B such that  AC2 = 1 + 2 + 2 – 2 2
Perpendicular = BC = 1 unit. and,
  AC2 = 4 – 2 2  AC = 42 2
Hypotenuse = AC = 10 units.
BC 2 1
By Pythagoras theorem, we have Now, sin A = = , and
AC 42 2
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
C AB 1
cos A = =
AC 42 2
10 2 1 1
1
 sin A cosA = ×
42 2 42 2
A B 2 1 2 1 1 2
= = = = .
 ( 10 )2 = AB2 + 12 42 2 2 2 ( 2  1) 2 2 4
  AB2 = 10 – 1 = 9
sin2 = (sin )2
 AB = 9 =3 cos2 = (cos )2
When we consider the trigonometric ratios of tan2 = (tan )2
A, we have cosec2 = (cosec )2
Base = AB = 3, Perpendicular = BC = 1, and sec2 = (sec )2
Hypotenuse = AC = 10 . cot2 = (cot )2
Perpendicular 1
  sin A = = ;
Hypotenuse 10 EXAMPLES 
Base 3 1
cos A = = ; Ex.17 In a ABC right angled at C, if tan A =
Hypotenuse 10 3
Perpendicular 1 and tan B = 3 . Show that
tan A = = ;
Base 3 sin A cos B + cos A sin B = 1.
Sol. Let us draw a ABC, right angled at C in
Hypotenuse 10
sec A = = ; 1
Base 3 which tan B = 3 and tan A = .
3
Base 3
and cot A = = =3 B
Perpendicular 1
2
Ex.16 If tan A = 2 – 1, show that sinA cosA= .
4
Perpendicular 2 1
Sol. Since tan A = = , so A C
Base 1
we draw a right triangle ABC, right angled at
 1 C
Now, tan A =
3 5
3
BC 1  BC 
 =  tan A  AC  
AC 3  
A 4 B
 BC = x and AC = 3x ....(i) By Pythagoras theorem, we have
And, tan B = 3 AC2 = AB2 + BC2
 52 = 42 + BC2
AC 3  AC 
 =  tan B  BC   BC2 = 52 – 42 = 9
BC 1  
  BC = 9 =3
 AC = 3 x and BC = x ....(ii)
BC 3
From (i) and (ii), we have   tan = =
AB 4
BC = x, AC = 3 x 3 1
By Pythagoras theorem, we have 1
1  tan  4 = 4 = 1.
AB2 = AC2 + BC2 Now, =
1  tan  1  3 7 7
 AB2 = ( 3x ) 2 + x2 4 4
  AB2 = 3x2 + x2 12
 AB2 = 4x2 Ex.19 If cot B = , prove that
5
  AB = 2x tan2 B – sin2B = sin4B. sec2B.
When we find the t-rations of A, we have Base 12
Sol. Since cot B = = , so we
Base = AC = 3 x, Perpendicular = BC = x, Perpendicular 5
and Hypotenuse = AB = 2x. draw a right triangle ABC, right angled at C
BC x 1 such that Base = BC = 12 units.
 sin A = = = and
AB 2x 2 Perpendicular = AC = 5 units.
AC 3x 3 A
cos A = = =
AB 2x 2 13
When we consider the t-ratios of B, we have 5

Base = BC = x, Perpendicular = AC = 3 x, B 12 C
and Hypotenuse = AB = 2x.
By Pythagoras theorem, we have
BC x 1 AB2 = BC2 + AC2
 cos B = = = and
AB 2x 2  AB2 = 122 + 52 = 169
AC 3x 3  AB = 169 = 13
sin B = = =
AB 2x 2 AC 5 AC 5
Now,   sin B = = , tan B = =
AB 13 BC 12
1 1 3 3 AB 13
sinA cosB + cosA sinB = × + × and sec B = =
2 2 2 2 BC 12
1 3 Now, LHS = tan2B – sin2B = (tanB)2 – (sinB)2
= + = 1.
4 4 5
2
5
2
25 25
=   –   = –
5 1  tan   12   13  144 169
Ex.18 If sec = , evaluate .
4 1  tan   1 1   169  144 
Hypotenuse 5 = 25    = 25  
Sol. Since sec = = , so we draw  144 169   144  169 
Base 4 25 25  25
a right triangle ABC, right angled at B such that = 25 × =
144  169 144  169
Hypotenuse = AC = 5 units, 2 2
5 5
Base = AB = 4 units, and BAC =  = 2 ....(i)
12  132
 and, RHS = sin4B sec2B Sol. We have,
= (sin B)4 (sec B)2 AB = a
5
4
 13 
2  AD + DB = a [ AD = DB]
=   ×   AD + AD = a
 13   12 
a
54  2AD = a  AD =
= 2 2
13  12 2 a
52  52 Thus, AD = DB =
= 2 ....(ii) 2
13  12 2 By Pythagoras theorem, we have
From (i) and (ii), we have AC2 = AB2 + BC2
tan2B – sin2B = sin4B sec2B.  b2 = a2 + BC2
Ex.20 In a right triangle ABC, right angled at B, the
  BC2 = b2 – a2  BC = b2  a 2
ratio of AB to AC is 1 : 2 . Find the values Thus, in BCD, we have
of
2 tan A 2 tan A Base = BC = b2  a 2
(i) and (ii)
2
1  tan A 1  tan 2 A a
and Perpendicular = BD =
AB 1 2
Sol. We have, AB : AC = 1 : 2 i.e. =
AC 2 Applying Pyhthagoras theorem in BCD, we
have
 AB = x and AC = 2 x.
BC2 + BD2 = CD2
C 2
a
  ( b 2  a 2 ) 2 +   = CD2
2
a2
 CD2 = b2 – a2 +
4
A B 4 b 2  4a 2  a 2
By Pythagoras theorem, we have   CD2 =
4
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
4b 2  3a 2
 ( 2 x)2 = x2 + BC2  CD =
 BC2 = 2x2 – x2 = x2 2
 BC = x Now,
BC x BD
 tan A = = =1 (i) sin =
AB x CD
2 tan A 2 1 2 a/2 a
Now, = = =1  sin = =
2 2
2
1  tan A 11 2
2 4b  3a 4b  3a 2
2

2 tan A 2 1 2 2
Now, = = , which is
2
1  tan A 11 0 BC
(ii) cos =
undefined. CD
Ex.21 In fig. AD = DB and B is a right angle. b2  a 2 2 b2  a 2
Determine  cos = =
4b 2  3a 2 4b 2  3a 2
(i) sin   (ii) cos  
 (iii) tan  (iv) sin2 + cos2  2
A BD
(iii) tan =
CD
a/2 a
 tan = = , and
2 2
b Da b a 2 b  a22

(iv) sin2 + cos2 


C B
 2
 
2 Sol. (i) sin 60º cos 30º + cos 60º sin 30º
  2 2
  =
a  +  2 b a  3 3 1 1 3 1
 2 2   2 2  = × + × = + =1
 4b  3a   4b  3a  2 2 2 2 4 4
a2 4( b 2  a 2 ) (ii) sin 60º cos 45º + cos 60º sin 45º
= +
4b 2  3a 2 4b 2  3a 2 3 1 1 1
= × + ×
4b 2  3a 2 2 2 2 2
= =1
4b 2  3a 2 3 1 3 1
= + =
 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO (T.R.) OF 2 2 2 2 2 2
SOME SPECIFIC ANGLES Ex.23 Evaluate the following expression :
The angles 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90° are angles for (i) tan 60º cosec2 45º + sec2 60º tan 45º
which we have values of T.R. (ii) 4cot2 45º – sec2 60º + sin2 60º + cos2 90º.
A 0° 30° 45° 60° 90° Sol. (i) tan 60º cosec2 45º + sec2 60º tan 45º
1 1 tan 60º (cosec 45º)2 + (sec 60º)2 tan 45º
sin A 0 3 1
2 2 = 3 × ( 2 ) 2 + (2)2 × 1
2
3 1 1 = 3 ×2+4=4+2 3
cos A 1 0
2 2 2 (ii) 4cot2 45º – sec2 60º + sin2 60º + cos2 90º
= 4(cot 45º)2 – (sec 60º)2
tan A 0 1 Not + (sin 60º)2 + (cos 90º)2
1 3 defined
3 2
 3
=4× – +
(1)2  +0
(2)2
cot A Not 1 1
0  2 
3  
defined 3
3 3
=4–4+ +0=
sec A 1 2 2 2 Not 4 4
3 defined
Ex.24 Show that :
cosec A Not 2 1 (i) 2(cos245º + tan260º) – 6(sin245º – tan230º) = 6
2 2
defined 3 (ii) 2(cos460º + sin430º) – (tan260º + cot2 45º)
1
 sin when 0    90° + 3 sec230º =
4
  cos when  0    90° 2 2 2
Sol.(i) 2(cos 45º + tan 60º) – 6(sin 45º – tan 30º) 2
  tan , cot are not defined for  = 90° & 0   1 2    1 2  1 2 
respectively. = 2     ( 3 ) 2  – 6      
 2     2   3  
 cosec , sec are not defined when  = 0 &    
90° respectively. 1  1 1 1 6   3  2 
 sin = cos for only  = 45° = 2   3 – 6    = 2   –6  
2   2 3  2   6 
  180° = c 7 1
c c =2× –6× =7–1=6
    2 6
  30° =   ; 45° =  
6
  4 (ii) 2(cos460º + sin430º) – (tan260º + cot245º)
c c
+ 3 sec2 30º
    2
  1 4  1 4 
60° =   ; 90° =  
3 2 
 2   2  
 2
 2  2 
= 2      – ( 3 )  (1) +3   
   3
EXAMPLES 
1 1 4
Ex.22 Evaluate each of the following in the simplest = 2    – (3 + 1) + 3 ×
form :  16 16  3
(i) sin 60º cos 30º + cos 60º sin 30º 1 1
=2× –4+4=
(ii) sin 60º cos 45º + cos 60º sin 45º 8 4
Ex.25 Find the value of x in each of the following : 1
And, sinx = sin30° =
(i) tan 3x = sin 45º cos 45º + sin 30º 2
(ii) cos x = cos 60º cos 30º + sin 60º sin 30º
1  cos 2x
Sol.(i) tan 3x = sin 45º cos 45º + sin 30º  sin x = .
2
1 1 1
 tan 3x = × + Ex.27 Find the value of  in each of the following :
2 2 2
1 1 (i) 2 sin 2= 3 (ii) 2 cos 3= 1
  tan 3x = +
2 2 Sol.(i) 2 sin 2= 3
 tan 3x = 1 3
  tan 3x = tan 45º  sin 2=
2
 3x = 45º  x = 15º  sin 2= sin 60°
(ii) cos x = cos 60º cos 30º + sin 60º sin 30º
  2= 60° = 30°
1 3 3 1 (ii) 2 cos 3= 1
 cos x = × + ×
2 2 2 2 1
 cos 3=
3 3 2
 cos x = +
4 4  cos 3= cos 60°
 3= 60° = 20°.
3
 cos x = Ex.28 If  is an acute angle and sin  = cos , find
2
 cos x = cos 30º the value of 2 tan2+ sin2– 1.
 x = 30º Sol. sin = cos 
sin  cos 
Ex.26 If x = 30°, verify that  =
2 tan x cos  cos 
(i) tan 2x = [Dividing both sides by cos ]
1  tan 2 x
 tan = 1
1  cos 2x  tan = tan45°   = 45°
(ii) sin x =
2  2 tan2 + sin2– 1
Sol.(i) When x = 30°, we have 2x = 60° . = 2tan245° + sin245° – 1
 tan 2x = tan 60° = 3 2
 1 
2 tan x 2 tan 30  2(1)2 +   – 1
And, 2
=  2
1  tan x 1  tan 2 30
1 5 3
1 =2+ –1= –1= .
2 2 2 2
3
=
 1 
2 Ex.29 An equilateral triangle is inscribed in a circle
1    of radius 6 cm. Find its side.
 3 Sol. Let ABC be an equilateral triangle inscribed
2/ 3 2/ 3 2 3 in a circle of radius 6 cm. Let O be the centre
=  =  = 3 of the circle.
1 2/3 3 2
1 A
3
2 tan x
 tan 2x =
1  tan 2 x
(ii) When x = 30°, we have 2x = 60°. O
1  cos 2x 1  cos 60 30° 30°
  = B C
2 2 D
1 Then, OA = OB = OC = 6 cm.
1
2 = 1 1
= 
2 4 2
 Let OD be perpendicular from O on side BC.  TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF
Then, D is mid-point of BC and OB and OC COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES
are bisectors of B and C respectively.
 OBD = 30°  We know complementary angles are pair of
angles whose sum is 90°
In OBD, right angled at D, we have
OBD = 30° and OB = 6 cm. Like 40°, 50° ; 60°, 30° ; 20°, 70° ; 15°, 75° ; etc,
BD BD Formulae :
 cos OBD = cos60° =
OB 6 sin (90° – ) = cos ,cot (90° – ) = tan
3   cos (90° – ) = sin ,sec (90° – ) = cosec 
 BD = 6 cos 60° = 6 × = 3 3 cm.
2   tan (90° – ) = cot ,cosec (90° – ) = sec 
 BC = 2 BD = 2( 3 3 )cm = 6 3 cm. tan 65
Ex.32 Evaluate . [NCERT]
Hence, the side of the equilateral triangle is cot 25
6 3 cm. Sol.  65° + 25° = 90°
Ex.30 Using the formula, tan 65 tan (90  25) cot 25
sin(A – B) = sinA cosB – cosA sinB, find the   = 1
cot 25 cot 25 cot 25
value of sin 15º.
Sol. Let A = 45º and B = 30º. Then A – B = 15º. Ans.
Putting A = 45º and B = 30º in the given Ex.33 Without using trigonometric tables, evaluate
formula, we get the following :
sin(45º – 30º) = sin45º cos30º – cos45º sin30º cos 37 º sin 41º sin 30º17´
(i) (ii) (iii)
1 3 1 1 sin 53º cos 49º cos 59º 43´
or, sin(45º – 30º) = × – ×
2 2 2 2 Sol.(i) We have
3 1 3 1 cos 37 º cos(90º 53º ) sin 53º
=  sin 15º = = = =1
2 2 2 2 sin 53º sin 53º sin 53º
1 [ cos(90º – ) = sin ]
Ex.31 If tan (A + B) = 3 and tan (A – B) = ;
3 (ii) We have,
0° < A + B 90° ; A > B, find A and B. sin 41º sin(90º 49º ) cos 49º
= = =1
Sol. tan (A + B) = 3 = tan 60° cos 49º cos 49º cos 49º
& tan (A – B) = 1 / 3 = tan 30° [ sin (90º – ) = cos ]
A + B = 60° …….(1) (iii) We have,
A – B = 30° …….(2) sin 30º 17´ sin(90º 59º 43´) cos 59º 43´
= = = 1.
   cos 59º 43´ cos 59º 43´ cos 59º 43´
  2A = 90° A = 45° Ans.
adding (1) & (2) Ex.34 Without using trigonometric tables evaluate
A + B = 60 the following :
A – B = 30 (i) sin2 25º + sin2 65º (ii) cos2 13º – sin277º
Sub fact equation (2) from (1) Sol.(i) We have,
A + B = 60 sin225º + sin265º = sin2 (90º – 65º) + sin265º
A – B = 30 = cos265º + sin265º = 1
– + –
 [ sin (90º – ) = cos ]
2B = 30° (ii) We have,
 B = 15°. Ans. cos213º– sin277º = cos2(90º – 77º) – sin277º
Note : sin(A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B = sin277º – sin277º = 0
sin(A + B) sin A + sin B. [ cos (90º – ) = sin ]
Ex.35 Without using trigonometric tables, evaluate Ex.37 Without using trigonometric tables, evaluate
the following : the following :
cot 54º tan 20º sin 2 20º  sin 2 70º sin(90º ) sin 
(i) + –2 +
tan 36º cot 70º
2 2
cos 20º  cos 70º tan 
(ii) sec 50º sin 40° + cos 40º cosec 50º cos(90º ) cos 
+
Sol.(i) We have, cot 
2 2
cot 54º tan 20º sin 20º  sin 70º sin(90º ) sin 
+ –2 Sol. +
tan 36º cot 70º
2 2
cos 20º  cos 70º tan 
cos(90º ) cos 
cot(90º 36º ) tan 20º +
= + –2 cot 
tan 36º cot(90º 20º ) 2 2
sin 20º  sin (90º 20º ) sin(90º ) sin 
tan 36º tan 20º = +
= + –2=1+1–2=0 cos 2 20º  cos 2 (90º 20º ) tan 
tan 36º tan 20º cos(90º ) cos 
+
(ii) We have, cot 
sec50º sin40º + cos40º cosec50º 2 2
sin 20º  cos 20º cos  sin  sin  cos 
= sec(90º – 40º) sin40º = + +
cos 2 20º  sin 2 20º sin  cos 
+ cos40º cosec(90º – 40º) cos  sin 
= cosec40º sin40º + cos40ºsec40º sin(90º )  cos  and 
sin 40º cos 40º  cos(90º )  sin 
= + =1+1=2
sin 40º cos 40º 1
= + cos2 + sin2 = 1 + 1 = 2
Ex.36 Express each of the following in terms 1
of trigonometric ratios of angles between 0º Ex.38 If tan 2= cot (+ 6º), where 2and + 6º
and 45º; are acute angles, find the value of .
Sol. We have,
(i) cosec 69º + cot 69º
tan 2= cot (+ 6º)
(ii) sin 81º + tan 81º  cot(90º – 2) = cot (+ 6º)
(iii) sin 72º + cot 72º   90º – 2 = + 6º  3= 84º
Sol.(i) We have,  = 28º
cosec 69º + cot 69º Ex.39 If A, B, C are the interior angles of a triangle
= cosec (90º – 21º) + cot (90º – 21º) BC A
ABC, prove that tan = cot
= sec 21º + tan 21º 2 2
Sol. In ABC, we have
[ cosec (90º – ) = sec and A + B + C = 180º
cot (90º –) = tan ]   B + C = 180º – A
(ii) We have, BC A
 = 90º –
sin 81º + tan 81º 2 2
= sin (90º – 9º) + tan (90º – 9º) BC  A
 tan   = tan  90º  
= cos 9º + cot 9º  2   2
[ sin (90º – ) = cos and BC A
 tan   = cot
tan (90º –) = cot ]  2  2
(iii) We have, Ex.40 If tan 2A = cot (A – 18°), where 2A is an acute
sin 72º + cot 72º angle, find the value of A. [NCERT]
= sin (90º – 18º) + cot (90º – 18º) Sol. tan 2A = cot (A – 18°)
cot (90° – 2A) = cot (A – 18°)
= cos 18º + tan 18º
(cot (90° – ) = tan )
[ sin (90º – 18º) = cos 18º and 90° – 2A = A – 18°
tan (90º –18º) = cot 18º] 3A = 108°
A = 36° Ans.
Ex.41 If tan A = cot B, prove that A + B = 90°. = cos2. sec2
Sol.  tan A = cot B [1 + tan2= sec2]
tan A = tan (90° – B)  1   1 
= cos2.  2  
 sec  
A = 90° – B  cos    cos  
A + B = 90°. Proved
Ex.45 Prove the following trigonometric identities :
Ex.42 If A, B and C are interior angles of a triangle
ABC, then show that sin 
(i) = cosec + cot 
1  cos 
BC A
sin    cos [NCERT] tan   sin  sec   1
 2  2 (ii) =
tan   sin  sec   1
Sol.  A + B + C = 180° (a.s.p. of )
Sol.(i) We have,
B + C = 180° – A
sin  (1  cos )
BC A LHS = ×
   90  (1  cos ) (1  cos )
 2  2
[Multiplying numerator and
BC  A denominator by (1 + cos)]
sin    sin  90  
 2   2 sin(1  cos) sin (1  cos )
= 2
=
BC A 1 – cos  sin 2 
sin    cos Proved.
 2  2 [1 – cos2= sin2]
Ex.43 Express sin 67° + cos 75° in terms of 1  cos  1 cos 
= = +
trigonometric ratios of angles between 0° sin  sin  sin 
and 45°. = cosec + cot = RHS
Sol. 23 = 90 – 67 & 15 = 90 – 75 cos 
 1 
sin 67° + cos 75°  sin   cosec  and sin   cot 
 
= sin (90 – 23)° + cos (90 – 15)°
(ii) We have,
= cos 23° + sin 15°. Ans.
tan   sin 
LHS =
 TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES tan   sin 
sin  sin   1 
(1) tan  = (linear)  sin  sin   1
cos  = cos  =  cos  
sin   1 
(2) sin 2   cos 2   1   sin  sin   1
 cos   cos  
(3) 1  tan 2   sec 2   square identites
1
(4) 1  cot 2   cos ec 2  1
sec   1
cos  =  RHS
1 sec   1
1
EXAMPLES  cos 
Ex.44 Prove the following trigonometric identities : Ex.46 Prove the following identities :
(i) (1 – sin2) sec2= 1 (i) (sin + cosec)2 + (cos + sec)2
(ii) cos2 (1 + tan2) = 1 = 7 + tan2 + cot2
Sol.(i) We have,
  (ii) (sinsec)2 + (coscosec)2
LHS = (1 – sin2) sec2= cos2 sec2
[1 – sin2= cos2] = (1 + seccosec)2
(iii) sec4– sec2= tan4+ tan2
 1   1 
= cos2.  2   sec   cos   Sol.(i) We have,
 cos    
= 1 = RHS LHS = (sin + cosec)2 + (cos + sec)2
(ii) We have, = (sin2 + cosec2+ 2sincosec)
LHS = cos2(1 + tan2) (cos2 + sec2+ 2cossec)
  1  (ii) We have,
=  sin 2   cos ec 2   2 sin . 
 sin   LHS = cot4A – 1 = (cosec2A – 1)2 – 1
[cot2A=cosec2A–1
 1 
+  cos 2   sec 2   2 cos .  cot4A=(cosec2A–1)2]
 cos  
= cosec4A – 2cosec2A + 1 – 1
= (sin2 + cosec2 + 2) + (cos2+ sec2+ 2)
= cosec4A – 2 cosec2A = RHS
= sin2 + cos2 + cosec2 + sec2 + 4
(iii) We have,
= 1 + (1 + cot2) + (1 + tan2) + 4
LHS = sin6A + cos6A = (sin2 A)3 + (cos2 A)3
[cosec2=1+cot2,sec2=1+tan2]
= (sin2 A + cos2 A) {(sin2 A)2 + (cos2 A)2
= 7 + tan2+ cot2= RHS.
(ii) We have, – sin2 A cos2 A)}
LHS = (sin  + sec )2 + (cos + cosec)2 [a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2)]
2 2 ={(sin A)2 + (cos2 A)2 + 2 sin2 A cos2 A
2
 1   1 
=  sin    +  cos    – sin2 A cos2 A}
 cos    sin  
= [(sin2 A + cos2 A)2 – 3 sin2 A cos2 A]
1 2 sin  = 1– 3 sin2 A cos2 A = RHS
= sin2+ + + cos2
cos  cos 
2
Ex.48 Prove the following identities :
1 2 cos 
       + 2 + sin 2 A cos 2 A 1
sin  sin  (i) 2
+ 2
= –2
cos A sin A sin A cos 2 A
2
 1 1 
= (sin2+ cos2) +  2
 2 
+ cosA sin 2 A
 cos  sin   (ii) + = sinA + cosA
1 – tanA sinA – cosA
 sin  cos  
2    1  sin 2 θ 
 cos  sin   (1  sin ) 2  (1 – sin ) 2
(iii) = 2 
cos 2   1  sin 2 θ 
 sin 2   cos 2    
= (sin2+ cos2) +  2 2

 Sol.(i) We have,
 sin  cos  
sin 2 A cos 2 A sin 4 A  cos 2 A
2(sin 2   cos 2 ) LHS = 2
+ 2
=
+ cos A sin A sin 2 Acos 2 A
sin  cos 
[on taking LCM]
1 2
=1+ + (sin A)  (cos A )  2 sin 2 A cos 2 A
2 2 2 2
sin 2  cos 2  sin cos 
 2 sin 2 A cos 2 A
 1 
2 =
= 1   = (1 + seccosec)2 = RHS sin 2 A cos 2 A
 sin  cos  
(sin 2 A  cos 2 A) 2  2 sin 2 A cos 2 A
(iii) We have, LHS = sec4– sec2 =
sin 2 A cos 2 A
= sec2(sec2– 1) = (1 + tan2) (1 + tan2– 1)
[sec2 = 1 + tan2] 1  2 sin 2 A cos 2 A
=
= (1 + tan2) tan2= tan2 + tan4 = RHS. sin 2 A cos 2 A
1
Ex.47 Prove the following identities : =  2  RHS
(i) cos4 A – cos2 A = sin4 A – sin2 A sin A cos 2 A
2

(ii) cot4 A – 1 = cosec4 A – 2cosec2 A (ii) We have,

(iii) sin6 A + cos6 A = 1 – 3sin2 A cos2 A. cos A sin 2 A
LHS = 
Sol.(i) We have, 1  tan A sin A  cos A
LHS = cos4A – cos2A = cos2A (cos2A – 1) cos A sin 2 A
= – cos2 A (1 – cos2 A) = – cos2A sin2A = +
sin A sin A  cos A
= –(1 – sin2 A) sin2 A = – sin2 A + sin4 A 1
cos A
= sin4 A – sin2 A = RHS
 cos A sin 2 A = (sin2 – cos2 ){(sin2 )2 + (cos2 )2
= + + 2 sin2 cos2 – 2 sin2 cos2 
cos A  sin A sin A  cos A
cos A   = (sin2 – cos2 ) {(sin2 + cos2 )2
cos 2 A sin 2 A – 2sin2 cos2 }
= +
cos A – sin A sin A – cos A = (sin2 – cos2) (1 – 2 sin2 cos2) = RHS
cos 2 A sin 2 A Ex.50 If (secA + tanA)(secB + tanB)(secC + tanC)
= –
cos A – sin A cos A – sin A = (secA – tanA)(secB – tanB)(secC – tanC)
cos 2 A  sin 2 A prove that each of the side is equal to ±1.
= Sol. We have,
cos A  sin A
(secA + tanA)(secB + tanB)(secC + tanC)
(cos A  sin A) (cos A  sin A)
= = (secA – tanA)(secB – tanB)(secC – tanC)
cos A  sin A
Multiplying both sides by
= cos A + sin A = RHS
(secA – tanA)(secB – tanB)(secC – tanC) we get
(iii) We have,
(secA + tanA) (secB + tanB) (secC + tanC)
(1  sin ) 2  (1 – sin ) 2 (secA – tanA) (secB – tanB) (secC – tanC)
LHS =
cos 2  = (secA – tanA)2 (secB – tanB)2 (secC – tanC)2
(1  2 sin   sin 2 )  (1 – 2 sin   sin 2 )  (sec2A – tan2A)(sec2B – tan2B) (sec2C – tan2C)
=
cos 2  = (secA – tanA)2(secB – tanB)2(secC – tanC)2
2  2 sin 2  2 (1  sin 2 )  1  sin 2   1 = [(secA – tanA)(secB – tanB) (secC – tanC)]2
= = = 2 2 

(secA – tanA)(secB – tanB)(secC – tanC) = ±1
cos 2  1  sin 2   1  sin  
Similarly, multiplying both sides by
= RHS.
(secA + tanA)(secB + tanB)(secC + tanC),
Ex.49 Prove the following identities : we get
(i) 2 (sin6  + cos6 ) –3(sin4  + cos4 ) + 1 =  (secA + tanA)(secB + tanB)(secC + tanC) = ±1
  (ii) (sin8 – cos8) =
Ex.51 If tan + sin = m and tan – sin = n, show
(sin2 – cos2 ) (1 – 2sin2 cos2)
Sol.(i) We have, that m2 – n2 = 4 m n .
LHS = 2(sin6 + cos6 ) –3(sin4 + cos4 ) + 1 Sol. We have,
= 2 [(sin2 )3 + (cos2 )3] LHS = m2 – n2 = (tan + sin)2 – (tan – sin)2
– [3 (sin2 )2 + (cos2 )2] + 1 = 4tan sin [(a + b)2 – (a – b)2 = 4ab]
= 2[(sin  + cos {(sin2 )2 + (cos2 )2
2 2
And, RHS = 4 mn
– sin2cos2 )]}
= 4 (tan   sin )(tan  – sin )
– 3[(sin2 )2 + (cos2 )2 + 2 sin2 cos2 
–2 sin2 cos2 ] + 1 = 4 tan 2  – sin 2 
= 2[(sin2 )2 + (cos2 )2 + 2 sin2 cos2 
–3 sin2 cos2 ] sin 2 
=4 2
– sin 2 
–3 [(sin2 + cos2 )2 – 2 sin2 cos2 ] + 1 cos 
= 2[(sin2 + cos2 )2 – 3 sin2 cos2 ] sin 2  – sin 2  cos 2 
–3 [1 – 2 sin2  cos2 ] + 1 =4
cos 2 
= 2 (1 – 3 sin cos2) – 3(1 – 2 sin2 cos2) + 1
2

= 2 – 6 sin2 cos2 –3 + 6 sin2 cos2 + 1 sin 2 (1 – cos 2 ) sin 4 

=4 = 4
= 0 = RHS cos 2  cos 2 
(ii) We have,
sin 2  sin 
LHS = sin8– cos8 = (sin4 )2 – (cos4 )2 =4 = 4 sin  = 4 sin  tan 
cos  cos 
= (sin4 – cos4 ) (sin4 + cos4 )
Thus we have
= (sin2 – cos2 ) (sin2 + cos2 )
(sin4 + cos4 ) LHS = RHS, i.e. m2 – n2 = 4 mn
Ex.52 If cos + sin = 2 cos, show that Sol. LHS = (m2 + n2)cos2
cos – sin = 2 sin.  cos 2  cos 2   2
=  2
 2
 cos 

Sol. We have,  cos  sin  
cos + sin = 2 cos  cos  cos  
 (cos + sin)2 = 2 cos2  m  cos  and n  sin  
 
   cos2 + sin2 + 2 cossin = 2 cos2
 cos2 – 2cos sin = sin2  cos 2  sin 2   cos 2  cos 2  
=  2 2
 cos 2 

 cos2 – 2cossin + sin2 = 2sin2  cos  sin  
 (cos – sin)2 = 2sin2
 1 
 cos – sin = 2 sin = cos 2  2 2 
 cos 2 
 cos  sin  
Ex.53 If sin + cos = p and sec + cosec = q, 2
show that q(p2 – 1) = 2p cos 2   cos  
= =   = n2 = RHS
Sol. We have, 2
sin   sin  
LHS = q(p2 – 1) Ex.56 If acos + bsin = m and asin – bcos = n,
= (sec + cosec) [(sin + cos)2 – 1] prove that a2 + b2 = m2 + n2.
 1 1  Sol. We have,
=   {sin2 + cos2 + 2sincos – 1} RHS = m2 + n2
 cos  sin  
= (acos + bsin)2 + (asin – bcos)2
 sin   cos   = (a2cos2 + b2sin2 + 2ab cossin)
=  [1 + 2 sin cos – 1)
 cos  sin   + (a2 sin2 + b2cos2 – 2ab sincos)
 sin   cos   = a2(cos2 + sin2) + b2(sin2 + cos2)
=   (2 sin cos) = a2 + b2 = LHS.
 cos  sin  
Ex.57 If acos – bsin = c, prove that
= 2(sin + cos) = 2p = RHS
asin + bcos =  a 2  b 2  c 2
p2 1 Sol. We have,
Ex.54 If sec + tan = p, show that 2 = sin.
p 1 (acos – bsin)2 + (asin + bcos)2
Sol. We have, = (a2cos2 + b2sin2 – 2ab sincos)
p2 1 (sec   tan ) 2  1 + (a2sin2 + b2cos2 + 2absincos)
LHS = = = a2(cos2 + sin2) + b2(sin2 + cos2)
p2  1 (sec   tan ) 2  1
= a2 + b2
sec 2   tan 2   2 sec  tan   1  c2 + (asin + bcos)2 = a2 + b2
=
sec 2   tan 2   2 sec  tan   1 [ acos – bsin = c]
 (asin + bcos)2 = a2 + b2 – c2
(sec 2   1)  tan 2   2 sec  tan 
=  asin + bcos =  a 2  b 2  c 2 .
sec 2   2 sec  tan   (1  tan 2 )
Ex.58 Prove that :
tan 2   tan 2   2 sec  tan  (1 – sin + cos)2 = 2(1 + cos)(1 – sin)
=
sec 2   2 sec  tan   sec 2  Sol. (1 – sin + cos)2
2 tan 2   2 tan  sec  = 1 + sin2 + cos2 – 2sin + 2cos – 2sincos
= = 2 – 2sin + 2cos – 2sincos
2 sec 2   2 sec  tan 
= 2 (1 – sin) + 2 cos (1 – sin)
2 tan  (tan   sec )
= = 2(1 – sin)(1 + cos) = RHS
2 sec (sec   tan ) Ex.59 If sin + sin2 = 1, prove that cos2 + cos4 = 1.
tan  sin  Sol. We have,
= = = sin = RHS
sec  cos  sec  sin + sin2 = 1
 sin = 1 – sin2
cos  cos 
Ex.55 If = m and = n show that  sin = cos2
cos  sin  Now, cos2 + cos4 = cos2 + (cos2)2
(m2 + n2)cos2 = n2. = cos2 + sin2 = 1
 sin   cos   1 1
Ex.60 Prove that : Ex.62 Prove that  ,
sin   cos   1 sec   tan 
sin   cos  sin   cos  2 using the identity sec2= 1 + tan2.
 
sin   cos  sin   cos  2 sin 2   1 sin   cos   1 tan   1  sec 
Sol. We have, Sol. LHS = 
sin   cos   1 tan   1  sec 
sin   cos  sin   cos  (tan   sec )  1
LHS =  =
sin   cos  sin   cos  (tan   sec )  1
(sin   cos ) 2  (sin   cos ) 2 {(tan   sec )  1} (tan   sec )
= =
(sin   cos )(sin   cos ) {(tan   sec )  1} (tan   sec )
2(sin 2   cos 2 ) (tan 2   sec 2 )  (tan   sec )
= =
sin 2   cos 2  {tan   sec   1} (tan   sec )
[ (a + b)2 + (a – b)2 = 2(a2 + b2)] 1  tan   sec 
2 =
= (tan   sec   1) (tan   sec )
sin   (1  sin 2 )
2
1 1
2 =  ,
= = RHS. tan   sec  sec   tan 
( 2 sin 2   1) which is the RHS of the identity, we are
Ex.61 Express the ratios cos A, tan A and sec A in required to prove.
terms of sin A.
Sol. Since cos2A + sin2A = 1, therefore,
cos2A = 1 – sin2A, i.e., cos A = ± 1  sin 2 A
This gives
cos A = 1  sin 2 A (Why ?)
Hence,
sin A sin A
tan A = = and
cos A 1  sin 2 A
1 1
sec A   .
cos A 1  sin 2 A
 EXERCISE # 1
1
Q.1 If sin = and tan = 1, find the value of Q.8 Prove the following :
2 (i) sin sin(90º – ) – coscos(90º – ) = 0
sin( + ), where  and  both are acute. sin  cos(90º ) cos 
(ii)
sin(90º )
1 1
Q.2 If cos = and tan = , find the value cos  sin(90º ) sin 
2 3 + =1
sin(90º )
of sin( + ), where  and  both are acute.
sin  cos 
(iii)  = sec cosec
Q.3 Without using trigonometric tables evaluate sin(90º ) cos(90º )
the following : tan 
(iv) sin(90º – ) cos(90º – ) =
sin 20º cos19º sin 21º 1  cot 2 (90º )
(i) (ii) (iii)
cos 70º sin 71º cos 69º cos(90º ) 1  sin(90º )
(v)  = 2cosec
tan 10º sec11º sin 20º30' 1  sin(90º ) cos(90º )
(iv) (v) (vi)
cot 80º cos ec79º cos 69º30' 1 1
(vi) 
Q.4 Without using trigonometric tables evaluate 1  cos(90º ) 1  cos(90º)
the following : = 2 cosec2(90º – )
2 2 (vii) sin2(90º – )(1 + cot2(90º – )) = 1
 sin 49º   cos 41º 
(i)     cos(90º ) sec(90º ) tan 
 cos 41º   sin 49º  (viii)
cos ec(90º ) sin(90º ) cot(90º )
cot 40º 1  cot 35º  tan(90º )
(ii)    + =2
tan 50º 2  sin 55º  cot 
tan(90º  A ) cot A
Q.5 Without using trigonometric tables evaluate (ix) 2
 cos 2 A = 0
cos ec A
the following :
cos(90º  A) sin(90º  A)
tan 35º cot 78º (x) = sin2A
(i)  1 tan(90º A )
cot 55º tan 12º
(ii) cosec267º – tan223º Q.9 Without using trigonometric tables, evaluate
each of the following :
Q.6 Without using trigonometric tables evaluate (i) sec210º – cot280º
the following : sin 15º cos 75º  cos15º sin 75º
+
(i) sin2 20º + sin2 70º – tan2 45º cos  sin(90º )  sin  cos(90º )
(ii) sec 50º sin 40º + cos 40º cosec 50º (ii) sin(50º + ) – cos(40º – )
Q.7 Without using trigonometric tables prove the + tan1ºtan10ºtan20ºtan70ºtan80ºtan89º
(iii) cottan(90º – ) – sec(90º – )cosec
following :
(i) tan 20º tan 35º tan 45º tan 55º tan 70º = 1 + sin225º + sin265º + 3 (tan5º tan45ºtan85º)
(ii) sin48º sec42º + cos 48º cosec42º = 2 (iv) cottan(90º – ) – sec(90º – )cosec
(iii) sin 63º cos27º + cos 63º sin 27º = 1 + 3 (tan5ºtan30ºtan85º) +sin225º+sin265º
sin 70º cos ec20º  tan  cot(90º )  sec  cos ec(90º )
(iv)  – cos70ºcosec20º = 1 (v)
cos 20º sec 70º tan 10º tan 20º tan 45º tan 70º tan 80º
cos 80º sin 2 35º  sin 2 55º
(v) + cos59º cosec31º = 2 +
sin 10º tan 10º tan 20º tan 45º tan 70º tan 80º
Q.10 The round balloon of radius r subtends an 1 1
Q.17 If tanA = and tanB = , by using
angle  at the eye of the observer while the 2 3
angle of elevation of its centre is . Prove tan A  tan B
tan(A + B) = , prove that
that the height of the centre of the balloon is r 1  tan A tan B
sin cosec /2. A + B = 45º

Q.11 If tan = 8/15 and 0º <  < 90º, find sin. Q.18 If 4 tan = 3, find the value of
4 sin   2 cos 
Q.12 If sin = 8/17 and 0º <  < 90º, find tan. .
4 sin   3 cos 
24
Q.13 If sinA = , find the value of tanA + secA, 13
25 Q.19 If cosec = , find the value of
12
where 0º < A < 90º.
2 sin   3 cos 
.
Q.14 If 5 tan = 12, find the value of 4 sin   9 cos 
2 cos   sin 
.
sin   cos 

3 1  cos 
Q.15 If tan = , find the value of .
4 1  cos 

12 1  sin 
Q.16 If tan = , find the value of .
5 1  sin 
 ANSWER KEY

1. 1 2. 1 3. (i) 1 , (ii) 1, (iii) 1, (iv) 1, (v) 1, (vi) 1

1
4. (i) 2, (ii) 5. (i) 1, (ii) 1 6. (i) 0, (ii) 2
2
8 8
9. (i) 2, (ii) 1, (iii) 3 , (iv) 1, (v) 2 11. 12.
17 15
22 1
13. 7 14. 15.
7 9
1
16. 25 18. 19. 3
6
 EXERCISE # 2
 3  Q.12 If 3cos = 5sin, then find the value of
Q.1 Find the value of   radians in degrees.
 5 
 5 sin   2 sec3   2 cos  
 
Q.2 Find the value of 150º in radians.  5 sin   2 sec 3   2 cos   .
 
5 Q.13 If tan = (3/4), then find the value of
Q.3 If sin = , then find the values of tan and
13
(cos2 – sin2).
sec
Q.14 Find the value of tan75º.
x
Q.4 If tan = , then find the value of
y a
Q.15 If tan = , then find the value of
x
 x sin   y cos  
  . x
 x sin   y cos   .
a  x2
2

Q.5 If 5tan = 4, find the value of

Q.16 If 3sinx + 5cosx = 5, then the value of
 5 sin   3 cos  
 . (3cosx – 5sinx)2.
 5 sin   2 cos  
Q.17 Find the value of
Q.6 If 16cotx = 12, then find the value of
(sinA + cosA)2 + (sinA – cosA)2.
 sin x  cos x 
 .
 sin x  cos x  1  sin A
Q.18 Find the value of .
1  sin A
Q.7 If tan = (3/4) and 0 <  < 90º, then find the
value of (sin cos). 1  sin A
Q.19 Find the value of .
1  sin A
Q.8 If 8 tanx = 15, then find the value of
(sinx – cosx). 1  cos x
Q.20 Find the value of .
1  cos x
1
Q.9 If tan = , then find the value of
7
1  cos x
Q.21 Find the value of .
 cos ec 2   sec 2   1  cos x
 
 cos ec 2   sec 2   .
 
sec x  tan x
Q.22 Find the value of .
1 sec x  tan x
Q.10 If cot = , then find the value of
3
Q.23 Find the value of
 1  cos 2  
   cot  tan  
 2  sin 2   .   .
   cot   cot 3 tan   tan 3 

4 Q.24 Find the value of

Q.11 If tan = , then find the value of
3  sin A  sin B cos A  cos B 
  .
1  sin   cos A  cos B sin A  sin B 
.
1  sin 
Q.25 Find the value of sin15º. Q.28 Find the value of
(cot15º cot16º cot17º.... cot73º cot74º cot75º).
Q.26 Find the value of (sin40º – cos50º).

Q.27 If x = r sinA cosB, y = r sinA sinB and

z = r cosA, then which is correct ?
(A) x2 + y2 + z2 = r2 (B) x2 – y2 + z2 = r2
(C) x2 + y2 – z2 = r2 (D) –x2 + y2 + z2 = r2

ANSWER KEY
c
 5  5 13
1. 108° 2.   3. and
 6  12 12
x 2  y2 1 1
4. 5. 6.
x 2  y2 6 7
12 7 3
7. 8. 9.
25 17 4
3 1 271
10. 11. 12.
5 3 979
7
13. 14. 2  3 15. cos 
25
16. 9 17. 2
18. sec A + tan A 19. sec A – tan A 20. cosec x – cot x
21. cosec x + cot x 22. sec x – tan x 23. 1
3 1
24. 0 25. 26. 0
2 2
27. (A) 28. 1
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