Formula Sheet 4 CXC

Area and Perimeter Formula Trigonometric Formula

Opposite – side
Perimeter = distance around the outside opposite to angle
(add all sides).
Adjacent –side beside hyp
(adjacent) to angle
θ  c
Hypotenuse- longest
side adj  hyp
opposite a
sin
hypotenus
adjacent 
cos opp
hypotenus  b
opposite
tan Remember: works only on
adjacent 
right angle triangles

Pythagorean Theorem

Triples: 3,4,5 5,12,13 8,15,17

C is the hypotenuse, a and b are the other sides .
Remember: works only on right angle triangles
Coordinate Geometry Formula

Volume and Surface Area

Distance Formula:

Midpoint Formula:

Gradient Formula:
Equation of a line

Slope-Intercept Method:
 y mx c Parallel lines have equal slope.
Perpendicular lines have negative reciprocal
Point-Gradient Method: gradients.
 Angle Information Parallel lines

Complementary angles - two angles whose

sum is 90.
Supplementary angles - two angles whose
sum is 180.
General Triangle Information
Sum of angles of triangle = 180.
Measure of exterior angle of triangle = the
sum of the two non-adjacent interior angles.
Corresponding angles are equal. 1= 5,
2= 6, 3= 7, 4= 8
Alternate Interior angles are equal. 3= 6,
4= 5
Alternate Exterior angles are equal.
1= 8, 2= 7
Same side interior angles are supplementary.
m 3+m 5=180, m 4+m 6=180

The sum of any two sides of a triangle is Solving triangles

greater than the third side.

Polygons
c
Sum of Interior Angles: b

a
Sum of Exterior Angles: C 

Each Interior Angle (regular poly):

Sine rule
a b c sin A sin B sin C 
sin  A sin B sin C  or a b c
Used when any two sides and their corresponding
angles are involved to find one missing side or angle.
Each Exterior Angle (regular poly):
Cosine rule
a2 b2 c2 2bc cos A
b2 a2 c2 2ac cos B
Quadratic Formula
c 2 a2 b 2 2ab cos C  
Used when three sides and an angle between them are
given to find the other side
If  ax 2 bx c 0 Heron’s Formula
Area of a triangle given only the length of the sides
b b2 4ac  A s( s a )( s b )( s c)
 x 
  then 2a a b c
where s
2
Capital letters represent Angles
Common letters represent sides

Circle Facts

       e 
       c
 Tangent
5. Radius to tangent is 90o at point of contact.
  radius 6. The tangents to a circle from an external
point T are equal in length.
diameter
7. Angle between tangent to circle and chord at
the point of contact is eqaual to the to the
d 
c
r
o
h 

angle in the alternet segment

segment
2.

1a.

c
r 
a 
O
Sector

Diameter = 2× radius 4.

Area of circle = πr2 3.

Circumference of circle = 2πr or πd

Length of arc = 2πr × 360

6.
Area of sector = πr × 360
2
5.
 Area of   Segment   Area of  sec tor   Area of  triangle
       1 2  
   r 2     r  sin   
  360   2  

Angles in circles T
B

7.
A

1. a,b,c,d Angle at the center in twice D E 

T 
angle at the circumference.
2. Angle formed on the diameter in 90o 1b. 1c.
3. Angles in the same segment are equal
4. opposite angles in a cyclic
Quadrilateral are supplimentary( add
up to 180o) 1d.

Matrices Transformational Matrices

 Adding or subtracting matrices  REFLECTION
 Multiply matrices by each point to get reflection in
a b e f a e b f  
c d g h c g d h  x - axis  y- axis y=x y=-x 

 Multiplying Matrices 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
a b e f ae bg af bh 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
c d g h ce dg cf dh
TRANSLATION 
 Movement of x in x direction and y in ydirection add matrix
 Determinant of 2×2 Matrix   x 
a b  y
 A to eack point to get its image.
c d 

 If  A ad cb
 ROTATION 
 Multiply by matrices to get rotation of ϴ-degrees clockwise about
 A singular matrices has a determinant of 0 origin (0,0)

 Adjoint of 2×2 matrix 

cos sin 0 1
a b  R  R90
 A sin cos 1 0
c d 
d b
 A adjo int
c a 1 0 0 1
 R180  R270
0 1 1 0
 Inverse of 2×2 matrix 
a b  Enlargment 
 A
c d   Multiply each point by scale factor K to get the image of the point
 for an enlargment from the origin.
1 1
 A A  adjoint
 A
 Sets
or 
universal set
1 1 d b is a member of 
 A
ad bc c a is not a member of 
union
intersect
= null set
' 
 Reverse oppertions  A = Elements not in set A

1
sin sin
 _  cos cos 1

1
tan tan
1
 f ( x ) f ( x )
 x 
a a x 
 Shape Volume Surface Area

Cube
l×l×l=l 3 6l 
2

1
l 
l 
Cuboid
lwh 2lw+2hw+2lh
h
l 
w

Prism
s 1
h bhl 
bh lb sl  hl 
2
l 
b

Cylinder 

r 

h r 2 h 2 r 2 2 rh
or 

2 r ( r  h )

Cone

1 2 r 2 rs
r  h
3

Sphere

4
r 3 4 r 2
3

©2006 D. Ferguson