Detailed Lesson Plan in Mathematics

(Trigonometry)

Grade Level: 9

I. Objectives:
At the end of a sixty- minute lesson, student should be able to:
1. Define the trigonometric ratio.
2. Differentiate the six trigonometric ratios.
3. Find the trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right triangle.

II. Topic:
 The Six Trigonometric Ratio
Materials:
 Cut-out triangles
References:
 Deauna, Melecio C. and Lamayo, Florita C., Basic Trigonometry for Secondary
Education (1998); pp. 518-523
 Orines, Fernardo B, Esparrago, Mirla S. and Reyes Jr., Nestor V., Advanced
Algebra, Trigonometry and Statistics (2nd Edition); pp. 205-215

III. Procedure:

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

A. Motivation

In one minute, the teacher wants the

student to make a cut-out triangle that
has a right angle.

The teacher will group the students into

two. Then in a piece of paper, each
group will do a cut-out triangle, which
one angle measuring 90°.

“If you’re done kindly paste your work on Each group will choose their
the board.” representative to paste their work.

“Thank you. You may now take your The students who go to the board will take
seat.” their seat.

B. Presentation

“Those triangles that you make will be Students will listen well and participate on
used as a model in our new topic.” the discussion.

“Today we will be discussing the six

trigonometric ratios.”
C. Lesson Proper

1. Development of the concept:

Before defining the trigonometric

ratios, we must see how to relate the
angles and sides of a right triangle.

(Showing the cut out triangle)

A

c
b

C B
a

What kind of triangle is given in the The ∆ABC is a right triangle.

figure?

Why did you say that it is a right It is a right triangle because it is consist of
triangle? a right angle, the angle at C.

What kind of angle are the two The two angles are acute angles, which
remaining angles? are angle less than a right angle.

How many legs are there in the triangle? There are two legs in the triangle.

What are they? The leg a and leg b.

So what do you call of the third side The third side (c) is the hypotenuse which
which is the side c? is the longest side of a triangle.

Your answers are connected to our topic

today which is about trigonometric
ratios.

We will label the angle at B with the

symbol θ and the angle at A with the
symbol ∝.
A

c
b

B C
a

What is the relationship of the side of

the triangle with respect of the angles?
With respect to angle ∝, side AC is its
 Angle ∝ adjacent side and side BC is the opposite
 side.

With respect to angle θ, side AC is its

 Angle θ opposite side and side BC is the adjacent
side.

Each acute angle is formed by the

hypotenuse and the side adjacent to the
angle.
Thus, angle θ and angle ∝is formed by
what side?
Angle θ is formed by the hypotenuse (side
BA) and side BC. Angle ∝ is formed by the
hypotenuse and side AC.

Make 6 ratios out of the three sides of a a b b c c

, , , , ,
this triangle. b c c a a b

So you identify different ratios based on

the sides of a triangle. So it means that
any two sides of the triangle will have a
ratio – a relationship – to one another.

It is possible to form six such ratios: the

ratio of the opposite side to the
hypotenuse; the adjacent side to the
hypotenuse; and so on.

Those six trigonometric ratios (sine, o Sine  (sin)

cosine, tangent, cotangent, cosecant, o Cosine  (cos)
and secant) have three-letter o Tangent  (tan)
abbreviation. So, can you give the o Secant  (sec)
abbreviation of the six trigonometric o Cosecant  (csc)
ratios? o Cotangent  (cot)

Let us first find the sin θ. The sine of an Opposite side = side AC / side b
angle is the ratio of the length of the Hypotenuse side = side BA / side c
opposite side to the length of the
hypotenuse. opposite AC b
Sin θ = = =
hypotenuse BA c
The cosine of an angle is the ratio of the
length of the adjacent side to the length Adjacent side = side BC / side a
of the hypotenuse. Find cos θ. Hypotenuse side = side BA / side c

adjacent BC a
Cos θ = = =
hypotenuse BA c
The tangent of an angle is the ratio of
the length of the opposite side to the Opposite side = side AC / side b
length of the adjacent side. Find tan θ. Adjacent side = side BC / side a

opposite AC b
Tan θ = = =
adjacent BC a
The cosecant is the ratio of the length of
the hypotenuse to the length of the Hypotenuse side = side BA / side c
opposite side. Find csc θ. Opposite side = side AC / side b

hypotenuse BA c
Csc θ = = =
opposite AC b
The secant is the ratio of the length of
the hypotenuse to the length of the
adjacent side. Find sec θ. Hypotenuse side = side BA / side c
Adjacent side = side BC / side a

hypotenuse BA c
Sec θ = = =
The cotangent is the ratio of the length adjacent BC a
of the adjacent side to the length of the
opposite side. Find cot θ. Adjacent side = side BC / side a
Opposite side = side AC / side b

adjacent BC a
So now that you know the definitions/ Cot θ = = =
opposite AC b
the formula of each six trigonometric
ratios. Discuss the difference of the first
three trigonometric ratios or what we call The student notice that each ratio in the
the primary ratios to the last three first three is the inverse or the reciprocal,
trigonometric ratios. of the ratio in the last three trigonometric
ratios and vice- versa.

 The reciprocal of sin θ is csc θ.

1 1
Sin θ = Csc θ =
cscθ sin θ

 The reciprocal of cos θ is sec θ.

1 1
Cos θ = Sec θ =
sec θ cos θ

That’s how we find the six trigonometric  And the reciprocal of tan θ is cot θ.
ratios. We only need to follow the 1 1
Tan θ = Cot θ =
definition/formula of this trigonometric cot θ tan θ
ratios.

So based on what we discussed about

the six trigonometric ratios, what is
trigonometric ratios?

Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle are

ratios of different pairs of sides of a right-
angled triangle.

2. Generalization: The six trigonometric ratios relate the sides

of a right triangle to its angle. Specifically,
a. What is a trigonometric ratio? they are ratios of two sides of a right
triangle and a related angle.
b. Discuss the differences among of the
six trigonometric ratios?

Sine o
sin θ =
h
The three
Cosine a primary
cos θ =
h functions

Tangent o
tan θ =
a

Cosecant h
csc θ =
o
Reciprocal
Secant h of sin, cos,
sec θ =
a and tan

Cotangent a
cot θ =
o

We find the six trigonometric ratios of an

c. How do you find the trigonometric acute angle of a right triangle by knowing
ratios of an acute angle of a right first the accurate name of the sides if it is
triangle? the opposite, adjacent and hypotenuse
side of the reference angle.

3. Drill:

Problem 1: Complete the following with

either opposite, adjacent to, or
hypotenuse.
A

C B

a. In a right triangle, the side opposite

the right angle is called the _______.
b. CA is called the side ______ angle θ.
c. BC is called the side ______ angle θ.
d. AC is called the side ______ angle Φ.
e. BC is called the side ______ angle Φ.
Problem 2: The sides of a right triangle
are in the ratio 3:4:5, as shown. Name
and evaluate the six trigonometric ratios
a. In a right triangle, the side opposite the right
angle is called the hypotenuse.
b. CA is called the side opposite angle θ.
c. BC is called the side adjacent to angle θ.
d. AC is called the side adjacent to angle Φ.
e. BC is called the side opposite angle Φ.
of angle θ.

4 5
sin θ = csc θ =
5 5 4
4
3 5
cos θ = sec θ =
5 3
3
4 3
Problem 3: Find the trigonometric ratios tan θ = cot θ =
3 4
of an acute angle of a right triangle.

2
√3

Who would like to find the first three

functions?

Student will raise his/her hand.

√3
Sine θ =
2
1
How about the last three functions? Cosine θ =
2
√3
Tangent θ =
1

1
Cotangent θ =
√3
2
Secant θ =
1
2
Cosecant θ =
√3

IV. Evaluation:
1. Define trigonometric ratios.
2. Differentiate trigonometric ratios.
3. Find the six trigonometric ratios of the triangle.

3.1 3.2

10
8

V. Assignment:

Solve this problem:

1. A 10 meter long ladder rests against a vertical wall so that the distance
between the foot of the ladder and the wall is 2 meter. Find the angle that the
ladder makes with the wall and height above the ground at which the upper end
of the ladder touches the wall.

2. In each of the following right triangles of which two sides are given,
compute the sin, cos, and tan of the angles A and B. Express the results as
common fractions.
(i) c = 41, a = 9.
(ii) c = 37, a = 35.
(iii) a = 24, b = 7.

Prepared by:
Mia Karla T. Abardo
BSED 2-S