CERTCDAVAO SOLID GEOMETRY

SOLID FIGURES HEXAHEDRON - Six Equal Faces

Any limited portion of space bounded by surfaces or plane
figures. Number of Faces (f) =6
Number of Vertices (v) =8
Number of Edges (e) = 12

Total Surface Area (A s ) :

 A s  6a2

Volume (V):

 V  a3
POLYHEDRONS

OCTAHEDRON - Eight Equal Faces

Polyhedron is a solid bounded by flat surfaces with each
surface bounded by straight sides. In other words, a
polyhedron is a solid bounded by polygons. Each of the flat Number of Faces (f) =8
surfaces is called a face. A straight side bounding a face is Number of Vertices (v) =6
called an edge. A point at the end of an edge is called a Number of Edges (e) = 12
vertex.
Total Surface Area (A s ) :
REGULAR POLYHEDRONS
 A s  2 3a2
A regular polyhedron is a solid figure each of whose sides is a
regular polygon (of the same size) and each of whose angles Volume (V):
is formed by the same number of sides.
2 3
V a
Euler’s Equation: 3
An equation relating the number of faces f, vertices v, and
edges e of the five regular polygons.
DODECAHEDRON - Twelve Equal Faces
 FACES  VERTICES  EDGES  2
Number of Faces (f) = 12
Number of Vertices (v) = 20
TETRAHEDRON - Four Equal Faces Number of Edges (e) = 30
A tetrahedron is a polyhedron composed of four triangular
faces, three of which meet at each vertex. A regular Total Surface Area (A s ) :
tetrahedron is one in which the four triangles are equilateral.
 A s  20.65a2
Number of Faces (f) =4
Number of Vertices (v) =4
Number of Edges (e) =6 Volume (V):

 V  7.66a3
Total Surface Area (A s ) :

 A s  3a2
ICOSAHEDRON - Twenty Equal Faces
Volume (V):
Number of Faces (f) = 20
2 3 Number of Vertices (v) = 12
V a Number of Edges (e) = 30
12

Altitude, (h): Total Surface Area (A s ) :

2  A s  5 3a2
h a
3
Volume (V):
Radius of Circumscribing Sphere:
 V  2.18a3
3
 rc  a
8 PRISM
A prism is a polyhedron having two identical and parallel faces
(usually referred to as the “ends” or “bases” ) and whose sides
Radius of Inscribed Sphere: are parallelogram

6
 ri  a
12

For a tetrahedron formed by three mutually perpendicular

edges of lengths a, b, and c:

abc
V
6

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 CERTCDAVAO SOLID GEOMETRY

Oblique Prism
A prism with an axis that is not at right angle to the base.
CONE
A cone is a pyramid with a circular cross section
 V   AR L 
 A s  PR L  Right Circular Cone

Right Prism Formula for Volume & Area

A right prism is one whose axis is perpendicular to the base 1
 V  Bh
3 L h
 V   AB h   A L  rL
 A s  PB h   L2  r 2  h2 B

r
Where: Frustum of a Cone
V  volume
A s  lateral area Formula for Volume & Area
A B  area of the base  C  C2 
 AL   1 L
PB  perimeter of the base  2  L h
h  height or altitude h

 V  b  B  bB
3

r
CYLINDER Where :
A solid object with: * two identical flat ends that are circular or
elliptical * and one curved side. A L  the lateral surface area
r B  the area of the lower base
Lateral Surface Area: b  area of the upper base
h  height
 A  Ch h
L  slant height
 2rh CB & Cb  circumference of thelower
and upper bases,respectively.
Volume:
 V  Bh  r 2h TRUNCATED PRISM
Where: General Formula:
C  circumference
 h  h2  h3  ...  hn 
B  area of the base h L  V  AR  1 
 n 
r  radius of the cylinder Ɵ  h 
h  altitude or height  V  AR   h1 h4
 n  h2 h5
h3
Where: AR
PYRAMID AR  area of the right sec tion
A pyramid is a polyhedron having any polygons as one face
(base) with all other faces (sides) being triangles meeting at a h  height
common vertex. n  no. of sides

Right Pyramid
Apex PRISMATOID

The General Prismatoid

h L
Formula for volume: A1
B
h
Formula for Volume & Area: V  A1  4Am  A 2  h Am
6
1
 V  Bh
3 Where: A2
 A L  PL A1  area of the lower base
A m  area of the midsec tion
Frustum of a pyramid A 2  area of the upper base
h  perpendicular dis tancebetween
Formula for Volume & Area the two bases

V
h
3
b  B  bB  b SPHERE
A sphere (from Greek σφαῖρα — sphaira, "globe, ball") is a

 AL  b
P  PB  L h perfectly round geometrical object in three-dimensional space
2 Formula for volume of sphere:
Where: B
V  volume 4 3
V R
A L  lateral area 3
b  area of the upper base Formula for surface area of sphere:
B  area of the lower base
Pb  perimeter of the upper base  A  4R2
PB  perimeter of the lower base
Where: R = radius of the sphere
L  slant height
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 CERTCDAVAO SOLID GEOMETRY

E  sum of angles  n  2 180

SPHERICAL ZONE, SEGMENT & SECTOR R  radius of the sphere
n  number of sides
Spherical Zone
A zone is a surface of revolution of a sphere included between SPHERICAL LUNE
two parallel planes. A lune is an area on a sphere bounded by two half great
circles, which is also called a digon or a diangle or (in German)
a Zweieck.
One base:
h
R2
 A s  2Rh R R A 
90 R

Two bases:

r h Where:
 A s  2Rh
  angle of the lune (degrees)

Where:
r  Radius of the sphere SPHERICAL WEDGE

Spherical Segment
A spherical segment is the solid formed by passing two R3 
parallel cutting planes through a sphere. V R
270
One base: h Where:
R R   angle of the wedge (degrees)
h2
V 3R  h
3
TORUS
Two bases: a A torus is a solid formed generated by rotating a circle
about an axis that is in the plane of the circle but not
h 
 
h
V 3 a2  b2  h2  intersecting the circle.
6  b
Formula for area:
Where:
a  radius of the small base
 A  42 rR
b  radius of the big base
Formula for volume:
Spherical Sector:
A spherical sector is the solid generated by
revolving a sector of a semicircle about its diameter as an axis.  V  22r 2R

V
2 2
R h SIMILAR SOLIDS
h
3
1 x2
 V  Az h
R R x1 x2
3 x1

Where:
Relationship between Area and Altitude:
A z  Area of the zone
2
A 2  h2 
  
A1  h1 
SPHERICAL POLYGON
A closed geometric figure on the surface of a sphere formed by
the arcs of great circles. Relationship between Volume and Altitude:
3
V2  h2 
R E2 B   
A V1  h1 
180 C
A
Relationship between Volume and Area:
Where: D 3
E  spherical excess V2  A 2 
  
E  sum of angles  n  2180 V1  A1 
R  radius of the sphere Where:
n  number of sides A1 & A 2  area of the smaller and bigger solid, respectively.
V1 & V2  volume of the smaller and bigger solid, respectively
SPHERICAL PYRAMID
A spherical pyramid is a solid whose base is a spherical
polygon and whose vertex is the center of the sphere.
B SAMPLE PROBLEMS
 R 2E
 As 
180 C 1. Determine the total surface area of an icosahedron if the length of
 R3E A each edge is 10 cm.
V
540 D
2. The right section of a prism is in the form of a regular hexagon
2
Where: whose apothem measures 5 cm. If the lateral area is 360 cm ,
E  Spherical excess what is the length of the lateral edge of the prism?
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 CERTCDAVAO SOLID GEOMETRY

2
3. The lateral area of a right cylindrical tank is 48 m and its volume 6. A solid has a circular base of radius 20 cm. Find the volume
3
is 72 m . Find the altitude of the tank. of the solid if every plane section perpendicular to a certain
diameter is an equilateral triangle.
4.
2
The base area of a circular cylinder is 12 cm and an element of A. 18,475.21 cm3 * C. 12,775.21 cm3
3
the cylinder is 10cm. Find the volume of the cylinder if the B. 20,475.31 cm D. 21,475.21 cm3
0
element is inclined to the base at an angle of 60 .
7. If the edge of a cube is increased by 30%, by how much is the
5. A regular hexagonal pyramid has one lateral edge which surface area increased?
A. 30% C. 69% *
measures 10 cm. The length of one side of its base is 6 cm. Find
B. 21% D. 33%
the altitude and the slant height of the given pyramid. Also find the
volume and the total surface area. 8. If the edge of a cube decreases by x%, its volume decreases
by 48.8%. Find the value of x.
6. Find the volume of a right circular cone to be obtained from a A. 10 C. 16
sector of radius 26 cm and whose central angle measures 138.5°. B. 20* D. 25

7. Find the volume of the frustum of a right circular cone whose slant 9. Compute the volume of a regular icosahedron with sides
height is 10 cm and whose radii are 3 cm and 9 cm. equal to 6 cm.
A. 470.88 cm3 * C. 340.89 cm3
8. A solid has a circular base of radius 20 cm. Find the volume of the B. 520.78 cm3 D. 250.56 cm3
solid if every plane section perpendicular to the base along a
given diameter is 10. Compute the volume (in cm3) of a sphere inscribed in an
a. an isosceles right triangle with its hypotenuse in the plane of octahedron having sides equal to 18 cm.
the base. A. 1622.33 C.1663.22*
b. an isosceles right triangle with one leg in the plane of the base B. 1875.45 D.1892.63
c. a square
11. A circular piece of cardboard with a diameter of 1 m will be
9. A wedge is cut out of a cylindrical log of radius 4” by two planes. made into a conical hat 40 cm high by cutting a sector off and
One is perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder and the other joining the edges to form a cone. Determine the angle
intersects the first at an angle 30° along a diameter of the subtended by the sector removed.
cylinder. Find the volume of the cylindrical wedge. A. 144o* B. 148o C. 152o D. 154o

10. A hemispherical salad bowl of diameter 40 cm is filled with salad 12. What is the area in sq. me of the zone of a spherical segment
to a depth of 15 cm. What percent of the capacity of the bowl is having a volume of 1470.265 cu. m if the diameter of the
filled with salad? sphere is 30 m?
A. 465.5 m2 C. 665.5 m2
11. The surface area of a zone of a spherical cone having an altitude B. 565.5 m2* D. 656.5 m2
of zone of 2 cm. is equal to 201.06 sq. cm. Compute the volume
of the spherical cone.
13. A sphere having a diameter of 30 cm is cut into 2 segments.
The altitude of the first segment is 6 sm. What is the ratio of
the area of the second segment to that of the first?
12. If each side of a cube is doubled, by what percent will its volume
A. 4:1 * B. 3:1 C. 2:1 D. 3:2
be increased?
14. A conical vessel has a height of 24 cm and a base diameter of
13. A paper weight is a pyramid with an altitude of 4 inches. At what
12 cm. It holds water to a depth of 18 cm above its vertex.
distance from its vertex must it be cut by a plane parallel to its Find the volume (in cm3) of its content.
base so that two solids of equal weight can be formed? A. 188.40 B. 298.40 C. 381.70 * D.
412.60
14. A sphere of radius 5 cm and a right circular cone of base radius 5
cm and a height 10 cm stand on a plane. Find the position of a 15. The volume of the frustum of a regular triangular pyramid is
plane that cuts the two solids in equal circular sections. 135 cu. m. The lower base is an equilateral triangle with an
edge of 9 m. The upper base is 8 m above the lower base.
What is the upper base edge in meters?
TAKE HOME EXAM A. 2 B. 3 * C. 4 D. 5

16. The central angle of a spherical wedge is 1 radian. Find its

1. The capacities of two hemispherical tanks are in the ratio volume if its radius is 1 unit.
64:125. If 4.8 kg of paint is required to paint the outer surface A. 2/3 * B. 1/2 C. 3/4 D. 2/5
of the smaller tank, then how many kilograms of paint would
be needed to paint the outer surface of the larger tank? 17. A regular octahedron has an edge 2m. Find its volume (in
A. 8.5 kg C. 7.5 kg * m3).
B. 6.7 kg D. 9.4 kg A. 3.77 * B. 1.88 C. 3.22 D. 2.44

2. A wooden cone of altitude 10 cm is to be cut into two parts of 18. A mixture compound of equal parts of two liquid, one white
equal weight. How far from the vertex should the cut parallel and the other black, was placed in a hemispherical bowl. The
to the base be made? total depth of the two liquids in 6 inches. After standing for a
A. 6.65 cm C. 7.94 cm * short time, the mixture separated, the white liquid settling
B. 3.83 cm D. 8.83 cm below the black. If the thickness of the segment of the black
liquid is 2 inches, find the radius of the bowl in inches.
3. A sphere of radius 5 cm and a right circular cone of base A. 7.33 * B. 7.53 C. 7.73 D. 7.93
radius 5 cm and a height 10 cm stand on a plane. Find the
position of a plane that cuts the two solids in equal circular 19. The corners of a cubical block touched the closed spherical
sections. shell that encloses it. The volume of the box is 2744 cubic cm.
A. 2cm * C. 1.5 cm What volume in cubic centimeters inside the shell is not
B. 2.5 cm D. 3.2 cm occupied by the block?
A. 2714.56 C. 4713.56 *
4. A regular triangular pyramid has an altitude of 9 m and a B. 3714.65 D. 4613.74
volume of 187.06 cu. m. What is the base edge in meters?
A. 10 C. 12 * 20. The space diagonal of a cube is 4√3 m. Find its volume
B. 11 D. 13 A. 16 cubic meters C. 64 cubic meters*
B. 48 cubic meters D. 86 cubic meters
5. Two cylinders of equal radius 3 m have their axes at right
angles. Find the volume of the common part. 21. Determine the volume of a right truncated prism with the
A. 122 cu. cm. C. 154 cu. cm. following dimensions: Let the corner of the triangular base be
B. 144 cu. cm. * D. 134 cu. cm. defined by A, B, and C. the length AB = 10 feet, BC = 9 feet
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 CERTCDAVAO SOLID GEOMETRY

to the triangular base and have the height of 8.6 feet, 7.1 feet,
and 5.5 feet, respectively.
A. 413 ft3 B. 311 ft3* C. 313 ft3 D. 391 ft3

22. The altitude of the frustum of a regular rectangular pyramid is

5m the volume is 140 cu. m. and the upper base is 3m by 4m.
What are the dimensions of the lower base in m?
A. 9 x 10 B. 6 x 8* C. 4.5 x 6 D. 7.50 x
10

23. The slant height of a right circular cone is 5m long. The base
diameter is 6m. What is the lateral area in sq. m?
A. 37.7 B. 47* C. 44 D. 40.8

24. A cone and hemisphere share base that is a semicircle with

radius 3 and the cone is inscribed inside the hemisphere. Find
the volume of the region outside the cone and inside the
hemisphere.
A. 24.874 C. 28.274*
B. 27.284 D. 28.724

25. Find the volume of a spherical sector of altitude 3 cm. and

radius 5 cm.
A. 75π cu. cm. C. 50π cu. cm.*
B. 100π cu. cm. D. 25π cu. cm.

26. A solid has a circular base of radius r. find the volume of the
solid if every plane perpendicular to a given diameter is a
square.
A. 16 r3/3* B. 5 r3 C. 6 r3 D. 19 r3/3

27. A solid has circular base of diameter 20 cm. Find the volume
of the solid if every cutting plane perpendicular to the base
along a given diameter is an equilateral triangle.
A. 2514 cc C. 2309 cc*
B. 2107 cc D. 2847 cc

28. A cylindrical gas bottle has internal dimensions of 18 cm in

diameter and 49 cm in height. It is designed to contain
compressed oxygen gas. The bottle has mass of 1.75 kg
when empty and 3.15 kg when full of oxygen gas. What is the
density of the oxygen gas in a full bottle in kg/cubic m?
3 3
A. 82.3 kg/ m C. 102.3 kg/ m
3 3
B. 92.3 kg/ m D. 112.3 kg/ m *

29. The inside of a vase is an inverted cone 2.983 in. across the
top and 5.016 in. deep. If a heavy sphere 2.498 in. in diameter
is dropped into it when the vase is full of water, how much
water will overflow?
a. 9.62 in^3 C. 6.92 in^3*
b. 9.26 in^3 D. 6.29 in^3

30. From a cylindrical glass 6 in high and 3 in diameter, water is

poured by tilting the glass until the highest point of the bottom
of the glass lies in the plane of the water surface. How much
water remains?
A. 8.75pi in^3 C. 7.75pi in^3
B. 6.75pi in^3 * D. 5.75pi in^3

“Discipline is the foundation which all

success is built. Lack of discipline
inevitably leads to failure.” – Jim Rohn

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