CERTCDAVAO ANALYTIC GEOMETRY 2

 Conic Sections Parabola

- The locus of the point that moves such that its distance
from a fixed point called the focus is always equal to its
distance from a fixed line called the directrix. The intersection
of a right circular conical surface and a plane parallel to a
generating straight line of that surface.

y r

Directrix
focus

d1

Latus rectum, 4a
vertex 2a
d2
x
a0 a
GENERAL EQUATION: 2a

Ax2  Bxy  Cy2  Dx  Ey  F  0

2a

In modern mathematics, conics is defined as the locus of a

point which moves in such a way that the ratio of its distance
from a fixed point (focus) and a fixed line (directrix) is constant. General Equation of Parabola
The constant ratio is called eccentricity.
(A or B is zero)
Circle : ( If eccentricity, e = 0 )
when B=0
Ellipse : ( If eccentricity, e < 1 )
Ax 2 + Cx + Dy + E = 0
Parabola : ( If eccentricity, e = 1 ) or
2
Hyperbola : ( If eccentricity, e > 1 ) x + Cx + Dy + E = 0

Two ways of determining the type of conics from the given when A=0
general equation:
By 2 + Cx + Dy + E = 0
 By Comparing Coefficients of the quadratic terms, (B = or
0):
y 2 + Cx + Dy + E = 0

From: Ax2  Cy2  Dx  Ey  F  0

Latus Rectum, LR
If,
Latus rectum is a chord passing through the focus and
A  C , the conic is a CIRCLE parallel to the directrix or perpendicular to the axis.
A  C , the conic is an ELLIPSE
LR = 4a
A or C is zero, the conic is a PARABOLA
A & C opposite sign, the conic is a HYPERBOLA Vertex at (h, k)
 By Discriminant: (y - k )2   4a(x - h)
or
2 2
From: Ax  Bxy  Cy  Dx  Ey  F  0 (x - h)2 =  4a(y - k)

If, the discriminant, B2  4AC  0 , the conic is:

B2  4AC  0, the conic is an ellipse if A  C Ellipse

2 The locus of points, or path traced out, in a plane such
B  4AC  0, the conic is a circle if A  C
B2  4AC  0, the conic is a parabola
B2  4AC  0, the conic is a hyperbola
Circle
- A simple shape of Euclidean geometry consisting of
those points in a plane which are the same distance from a
given point called the center. The common distance of the
points of a circle from its center is called its radius..
General Equation (A = B)
Ax 2 +Ay 2 +Cx + Dy+ E = 0
that the sum of the distances from the moving point to two
fixed points remains constant. The two fixed points are then
called foci. The constant sum is the length of the major axis
that is equal to 2a. It can also be defined as the locus of the
point that moves such that the ratio of its distance from a fixed
point, called the focus, and a fixed line, called the directrix, is
constant and is less than one (1).
focus y focus
vertex
d d vertex
d4
b a
Minor axis, 2b

d3
Latus rectum
Latus rectum

or
Directrix

Directrix

c c
x
2 2 0
x + y + Cx + Dy + E = 0 d1
d2
b
Standard Equations center
Center at (h, k) P (x, y)
a a
(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r 2 Major axis, 2a
Center at (0, 0)
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 CERTCDAVAO ANALYTIC GEOMETRY 2

General Equation (A B) Standard Equations

2
Ax + By + Cx + Dy + E = 0 2 “a” may be greater, equal, or less than “b” Center at (0, 0):
or x2 y2 y2 x2
2
 2  1 or 2
 2  1
x 2 +By 2 + Cx + Dy + E = 0 a b a b

Elements of Ellipse: Center at (h, k):

2 2 2
a  b c
 x  h y  k
2 2

  1
a2 b2
d3 c
Eccentricity , e    1 .0 or
d4 a
y  k  x  h
2 2

  1
a 2b2 a2 b2
d  LR 
e a
Equation of Asymptote
d1 + d2 = 2a y - k = m (x - h)
where (h, k) is the center of the hyperbola and m is the slope.
m = b/a if the axis is horizontal and m = a/b if the axis is
Standard Equations ( a > b )
vertical. Use (+) for upward asymptote and (-) for downward
Center at (0, 0): asymptote.
x2 y2 x2 y2
2
 2  1 or 2
 2  1 How to Solve Problems Involving Conics
a b b a
1. Given the equations of any conic, find the certain elements
(center, eccentricity, focus, latus rectum, vertex, etc.)
Center at (h, k):
 Reduce the equation to standard form and apply the
 x  h y k
2 2
necessary formulas.
  1
a2 b2
2. Given only the points, find the equation. (3 points for
or circle, 3 points and axis for parabola, four points for ellipse and
 x  h y k
2 2
hyperbola)
  1  Substitute the given points to the general equation
b2 a2
and solve for A, B, C, etc.
Hyperbola
The locus of a point which moves so that the difference of 3. Given some elements, find the equation. (center and
its distance between the two fixed points is constant. This point radius for circle; vertex and a for parabola; center, a, and b for
is known as the foci. The constant difference is the length of ellipse and hyperbola)
the transverse axis that is equal to 2a. It may also be defined  Reduce the equation to standard form.
as the locus of the point that moves such that the ratio of its
distance from a fixed point, called the focus, and fixed line, Transformation of Coordinates (Shifting Axes)
called the directrix, is constant and is greater than one (1).

asymptote asymptote
y
Directrix
Directrix

d4
vertex d3 d1
vertex
Conjugate axis, 2b

d2
Latus rectum

b
Latus rectum

focus focus
x
b
center Coordinates of the point P in the new and old coordinate
d d
systems are tied by the equations:
a a

x'  x a
Transverse axis, 2a
c c
y'  y b
General Equation of Hyperbola
(A and B have opposite signs)
Ax 2 -By 2 + Cx + Dy + E = 0 Polar Coordinate System
or (r, )
2 2
x - By + Cx + Dy + E = 0 r
Elements of Hyperbola O 
x
2 2 2
c  a b Pole Axis

d3 c Sign Convention
Eccentricity , e    1 .0
d4 a   is positive (+) if measured counterclockwise
  is negative (-) if measured clockwise
a 2b2  r is positive (+) if measured at the terminal side of 
d  LR   r is negative (-) if measured at the extension through O
e a
from the terminal side of 

d2 - d1 = 2a
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 CERTCDAVAO ANALYTIC GEOMETRY 2

Distance Between Two Points D. x2 – 10x + 8y + 41 = 0

The distance between two given points can be solve 11. Determine the equation of the parabola with axis vertical,
vertex is at (−1, −1) and passing through (2, 2).
using cosine law.
A. x^2 + 2x – 3y - 2 = 0
(r2, 2) d B. x^2 – 4x + 2y - 1 = 0
C. x^2 + 4x – y - 2 = 0
r2 D. x^2 – 5x + 2y - 6 = 0
 = 2 - 1 (r1, 1)
r1 12. A cable suspended from supports that are the same height
O and 600 feet apart has sag of 100 feet. If the cable hangs in
x the form of a parabola, find its equation.
Pole
A. y^2=900x C. x^2=400y
d r12  r22  2r1r2 cos  2  1  B. y^2=400x D. x^2=900y

13. Find the location of the center of the ellipse:

Relationship Between Polar and Cartesian Coordinate 2 2
16x  25y  64x  50y  311  0
Systems A. (3, 2) C. (2, 1)
2 2 2
x
(r, ) r x y B. (4, 5) D. (1, 2)

y 14. An ellipse has its vertices at (-2,-3) and (8,-3). If one end of
y r tan  
x the minor axis is at (3,-7), how far is the nearest focus to the
left of the directrix.
O

x x  r cos  A. 7.42 C. 4.28
Pole Axis
y  r sin  B. 3.21 D. 5.33

15. The major axis of the elliptical path in which the satellite
SAMPLE PROBLEMS moves around the earth is approximately 186,000,000 miles
and the eccentricity of the ellipse is 1/60. Find the maximum
1. What conic section is represented by the equation : x2 + 4y2 + altitude of the satellite.
4xy + 2x – 10 = 0 A. 94, 550,000 C. 84,556,000
A. Ellipse C. Hyperbola B. 105,000,000 D. 96,665,000
B. Parabola D. Circle
16. Find the equation of the ellipse given the following conditions:
2. Identify the graph of the equation : foci (−3, 2) and (5, 2), major axis is 10.
x2 +y2+3x-2y+4=0. A. 9x^2 + 25y^2 – 18x – 100y – 116 = 0
A. Circle C. Ellipse B. 9x^2 + 25y^2 – 18x + 100y – 116 = 0
B. Point D. No graph C. 9x^2 + 25y^2 – 18x – 100y + 116 = 0
D. 9x2 + 25y2 – 18x + 100y + 116 = 0
3. What is the coordinate of the center of the circle
2 2
17. From the given equation of the hyperbola 16y2 – 9x2 + 36x +
x  y  18x  10y  25  0 . 96y – 36 = 0. Find the center of the hyperbola.
A. (9, 5) C. (−9, 5) A. 1, -2 C. 3, -4
B. (−5, 9) D. (9, −5) B. 2,-3 D. 3, -2

4. Find the equation of the circle which is tangent to both the x 18. Find the equation of the hyperbola with foci at (−4, 0) and (4,
and y axes and having a radius of 3 units. 0) and passes through (2, 0).
A. x^2 + y^2 – 6x – 6y + 9 = 0 A. 3x^2 – y^2 – 12 = 0
B. x^2 + y^2 + 6x + 6y + 18 = 0 B. 3x^2 – y^2 + 12 = 0
C. x^2 + y^2 – 9 = 0 C. x^2 – 3y^2 – 4 = 0
D. x^2 + y^2 – 18 = 0 D. x^2 – 3y^2 + 12 = 0

5. Determine the value of k so that x2 +y2-8x+10y+k=0 is the 19. The length of the latus rectum of a hyperbola is equal to 18
equation of circle of radius 7. and the distance between the foci is 12. Determine the
A. 8 C. -4 equation of the curve if the conjugate axis is parallel to the y-
B. -8 D. 6 axis.
A. y^2 – 3x^2 = 27 C. y^2 – 2x^2 = 15
6. Find the radius of a circle with center at (4,1) if a chord of B. 3x^2 – y^2 = 27 D.2x^2 – 3y^2 = 27
length 4√2 is bisected at (7,4).
A. 7 C. 2 20. A point moves so that the difference between its distance
B. √26 D. √42 from (0, 5) and (0, −5) is 8, what is the equation of its locus?
A. 9y^2 – 16x^2 = 144
7. A curve has an equation of x2  y2  6x  10y  5  0 . Find the B. 16x^2 – 9y^2 = 144
equation of the tangent line at (1, 0). C. 4y^2 – 9x^2 = 36
A. 2x + 5y + 2 = 0 C. 2x – 5y – 2 = 0 D. 9x^2 – 4y^2 = 36
B. 5x – 2y + 2 = 0 D. 5x + 2y – 2 = 0
21. Find the new coordinate of the point (3, −5) if the axis is
8. Determine the equation of the radical axis of the two circles: translated to a new origin at (−4, 6).
A. (7, −11) C. (−1, 1)
x2  y2  10x  18y  25  0 and x2  y2  2x  4y  1  0 . B. (−7, 11) D. (4, −14)
A. 6x – 11y + 12 = 0
B. 2x + 3y – 3 = 0 22. Find the equation of the curve x2  y2  2x  8y  8  0 if the
C. 3x + 4y – 5 = 0
D. x – y + 2 = 0 origin is moved at (3, −2).
A. x’2 + y’2 – 12x’ + 8y’ + 43 = 0
B. x’2 + y’2 – 8x’ + 12y’ + 43 = 0
9. The vertex of the parabola y2  2x  6y  3  0 is located at: C. x’2 + y’2 + 8x’ – 12y’ + 43 = 0
A. (−3, 3) C. (3, 3) D. x’2 + y’2 + 12x’ – 8y’ + 43 = 0
B. (3, −3) D. (−3, −3)
23. A point has a polar coordinate of (7, 38°). Determine its
10. Find the equation of the parabola with vertex at (5,-2) and equivalent rectangular coordinate.
focus at (5,-4). A. (5.52, 4.31) C. (79.56, 38.64)
A. x2 – 12x + 10y + 40 = 0 B. (38.64, 79.56) D. (4.31, 5.52)
B. x2 – 8x + 4y + 36 = 0
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 CERTCDAVAO ANALYTIC GEOMETRY 2

A. r = 4cot2θcscθ C. r = 4cotθcsc2θ 15. Find the equation of the locus of a point which moves so that
B. r = 4cot2θcsc2θ D. r = 4cotθcscθ its distance from (1,-7) is always 5.
A. x2+y2-2x+14y+25=0 *
B. x2+y2-2x-14y+25=0
 
3
25. Transform the rectangular equation x2  y2  4x2 y2 into its C. x2+y2 +2x+14y+25=0
equivalent polar form. D. x2+y2-2x+14y+16=0
A. r = 2cosθ C. r = sin2θ
B. r = 2sinθ D. r = cos2θ 16. Find the eccentricity of the hyperbola whose transverse and
conjugate axes are equal in length.
26. Determine the coordinates of the vertex of the curve A. 1.414* B. 1.732 C. 1.707 D. 1.333
4
r . 17. Find the eccentricity of a hyperbola having distance between
1  cos 
foci equal to 18 and the distance between directrices equal to
A. (2, 0) C. (0, 2) 2.
B. (−2, 0) D. (0, −2) A. 2 B. 3* C. 2.8 D. 3.7

TAKE HOME EXAM 18. Find the length of the tangent from point (7,8) to the circle
x2 +y2-9=0.
1. An ellipse has its center at (0,0) with its axis horizontal. The A. 10.2* B. 14.7 C. 11.3 D. 13.6
distance between the vertices is 8 and its eccentricity is 0.5.
Compute the length of the longest focal radius from point (2,3) 19. A hut has a parabolic cross-section whose height is 30 m. and
on the curve. whose base is 60 m. wide. If a ceiling 40 m. wide is to be
A. 3 B. 5 * C. 4 D. 6 placed inside the hut, how high will it be above the base?
A. 16.67 m * C. 14.47 m
2. What is the new equation of the line 5x+4y+3=0 if the origin is B. 15.48 m D. 19.85 m
translated to the point (1,2)?
A. 4x’+3y’+16=0 C. 5x’-4y’-16=0 20. An ellipse has an eccentricity of 1/3. Compute the distance
B. 5x’+4y’+16=0 * D. 6x’+6y’-16=0 between directrices if the distance between foci is 4.
A. 18 B. 36* C. 32 D. 38
3. What conic section is described by the equation
r  6 /(4  3cos ) ? 21. A parabola having its axis along the x-axis passes through (-
A. circle C. hyperbola 3,6). Compute the length of the latus rectum if the vertex is at
B. ellipse * D. parabola the origin.
A. 4 B. 8 C. 6 D. 12 *
4. A locus of a point on a circle which rolls on the outside of a
fixed circle without slipping is called: 22. Find the equation of the circle tangent to the y-axis and the
A. hypocycloid C. epicycloids * center is at (5,3).
B. cycloid D. astroid A. (x+5)2+(y-3)2 =25 C. (x-5)2+(y-3)2 =25*
B. (x-5)2+(y+3)2 =25 D. (x-5)2+(y-3)2 =50
5. What conic section is 2x2-8xy+4x=12?
A. parabola C. hyperbola * 23. How far is the center of the circle x2+y2-10x-24y+25=0 from
B. ellipse D. circle the line y=-2.
A. 10 B. 14 * C. 12 D. 16
6. An ellipse has length of semi-major axis of 500 and a semi-
minor axis of 300. Compute the second eccentricity of the 24. Determine the area bounded by the curve x2 +y2-6y=0.
ellipse. A. 27.28 sq. units C. 28.27 sq. units *
A. 1.112 C. 3.112 B. 72.28 sq. units D. 18.27 sq. units
B. 2.331 D. 1.333 *
25. Find the area bounded by the curve 9x2 + 25y2 + 18x – 100y
2
7. A curve has an equation of x =Cy+d. The length of the latus = 116.
rectum is 4 and the vertex is at (0,2). Compute the value of C A. 15* C. 20
and d. B. 24 D. 31
A. 4, -8 * B. 6, -2 C. 2, -5 D. 3, -7
26. Determine the length of the latus rectum of the curve r cos 2 θ
8. An arc in the form of a parabola is 60 m across the bottom. – 4 cos θ = 16 sin θ.
The highest point is 16 m above the horizontal base. What is A. 8 C. 16*
the length of the beam placed horizontally across the arc 3 m B 12 D. 6
below the top.
A. 19.36 C. 25.98 * 27. Change the equation (x2 + y2)3 = 4x2y2 to polar coordinates.
B. 24.86 D. 27.34 A. r = Sin 2θ*
B. r = 2 Sin θ
9. The focus of the parabola y2 =4x is at: C. r = 2 Cos 2θ
A. (4,0)* B. (1,0) C. (0,4) D. (0,1) D. r = Cos 2θ

10. Find the shortest distance from (3,8) to the curve x2 +y2 +4x- 28. How far from the x-axis is the focus (F) of the hyperbola x2 –
6y=12. 2y2 + 4x + 4y + 4 = 0.
A. 1.21 B. 2.07 * C. 4.09 D. 3.73 A. 2.14 C. 2.73
B. 2.51 D. 2.36*
11. A circle has its center on the line 2y=3x and tangent to the x-
axis at (4,0). Find its radius. 29. Find the eccentricity of a hyperbola whose transverse and
A. 6 * B. 7 C. 5 D. 8 conjugate axes are equal in length.
A. 0.82 C. 1.52
12. Determine the length of the line joining the intersections of the B. 1.41* D. 1.73
equation x2 +y2=48 and x2=-8y.
A. 10.57 C. 12.18 30. Find the equation of the asymptotes for a hyperbola: (y – 5)2
B. 11.31* D. 12.38 – (x + 5)2 = 36.
A. y – 5 = ±(x + 5)* C. y – 4 = ±(x – 4)
13. A locus of a point whose difference of the distances from two B. y = ± x D. y – 5 = ±(x – 5)
fixed points is constant.
A. ellipse
B. parabola
C. hyperbola*
D. circle
“You get what you work for not what
you wish for.” - Anonymous
14. The difference of the distances of a moving point from (1,0)
and (-1,0) is 1. Find the equation of its locus.
A. 4x2-12y2 =3 C. 12x2-4y2 =3 *
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