Elements

• An element is a pure substance

which cannot be broken by
chemical means
• Made of only one kind
of material
• The elements, alone or in
combinations, make up our
bodies, our world, our sun,
and in fact, the entire universe.
• Scientists have
identified 90 naturally
occurring elements,
and created about 28
others.
• Total 118 elements
The most abundant element in the earth’s
crust is oxygen.
 Periodic Table
•Scientist organized all elements into a
chart called periodic table.

• Depending on the
• physical Properties(eg:Density)

• chemical properties(eg:Reactivity)
 Groups Periods
• Columns of elements are • Each horizontal row of
called groups or families. elements is called a
(8 Groups) period. ( 7 Periods)

• Elements in each family • The elements in a period

have similar but not are not alike in properties.
identical properties.
• The last element in a
period, is always an
• Same number of valence
inactive gas.
electrons.
 Chemical Symbols
• All elements have their own
unique symbol. Carbon – C
• Usually one or two letters.
Calcium – Ca
Hydrogen –H
• Single capital letter, or a capital
Chlorine - Cl
letter and one or two lower
case letters.
Some symbols come from their latin
name
•Gold – Au - Aurum
•Silver – Ag – Argentum
•Iron – Fe - Ferrum
•Mercury – Hg - Hydrogyrum
• Elements are arranged in the
increasing order of atomic
number, usually found near the
top of the square.
– The atomic number is unique
to that element. No two
elements have the same
atomic number.
– Chemical symbol

– atomic mass

– number of valence electrons

– state of matter at room

temperature.