ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION MANUAL

WEEK 4

BIOLOGICAL
HAZARD
FOR STUDENT

SEVENTH SEMESTER
PROGRAM FACULTY OF MEDICINE
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM BANDUNG
2021 / 2022

LAB ACTIVITY
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 BIOLOGICAL HAZARD

OBJECTIVES:
1. General Objectives:
At the end of the activity, the student will be able to identify and risk management of
biological hazard

2. Specific Objectives
 The student defines the biological hazard
 The student explains the transmission ways of biological hazard
 The student defines the Risky occupation and workplaces where people may come into
contact with a biological hazard
 The student lists the Hierarchy control and prevention for biological hazard
 The student appraises appropriate personal protective equipment for biological
hazards in the healthcare setting
 The student defines the main biological risks in the workplace, evaluates the risk of
assessment and the need for prevention of biological hazard
 The students apply the principles of occupational health and safety to the recent covid-19
pandemic challenges

SUBTOPIC:
1. definition, kinds of biological hazard, and routes of entry
2. Risky occupation and workplaces where people may come into contact with the biological
hazard
3. Examples of disease caused by the biological hazard
4. Hierarchy control and prevention for biological hazard
5. Personal Protective Equipment

The sequence of Laboratory Activity:

I. Homework assignment :
a. Describe the definition, type of biological hazard, and routes of entry.
b. Describe Risk occupation and workplaces where people may come into contact with
biological hazards
c. Examples of disease caused by a biological hazard
d. Describe Hierarchy control and prevention
e. Describe Personal protective Equipment

II. Main activity (90 minutes)

1. 15 minutes: Introduction and Pretest
2. 30 minutes: discussion about student homework and basic theory of biological hazard
3. 60 minutes: discussion about the case at the workplaces
4. 15 minutes: summary

TASK 1. Definition and Route of Transmission

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1.1 Definition of Biological hazards and risks
1. What is the definition of Biological Hazard?
2. Explain the agents classified as biological hazards!
3. Describe the Occupational Diseases related to Biological Hazards according to the
Indonesian Government Regulation!

1.2 Diseases Transmission

1. Describe the major routes of entry of these biological hazards, give three examples
of hazards for each route?
2. Explain the natural history of diseases related to infection caused by various
biological hazard!

TASK 2. Occupations and exposures

Many occupations may expose the workers to biological agents.

2.1. HealthCare Workers (HCWs)

1. Who is classified as health workers?

2. Which workplaces included in health services are at risk of exposure to
biological hazards?
3. What kind of occupational accident and injury act as the route of entry to
biological hazard exposure among Healthcare workers?
4. Which occupational diseases, according to government regulations, can be
aroused from the health care facility?

2.2. Agriculture, Fishery, Farming Sector, and Animal-based raw materials Industry
Explain the possibilities of Biological Hazards and their risks in these sectors!
1. Agriculture
2. Fishery
3. Animal Farm/husbandry
4. Animal-based raw materials Industry

2.3 Indoor workplaces

1. Explain the possibilities of Biological Hazards and its risk in Indoor workplaces like
entertainment premises, restaurants, and hotels, where employees generally work in
enclosed areas with central air-conditioning!
2. Explain about the sick-building syndrome and its relation with the biological hazard!

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2.4 Fill the table below with at least three occupations settings for the source of each
biological hazard

Contact with
OCCUPATIONS DISEASES
Infected Living Animal

OCCUPATIONS Contact with DISEASES

Contaminated
Animal Product

OCCUPATIONS Tick, Flea, or Mite Bite DISEASES

OCCUPATIONS Contact with DISEASES

Infected Patient or Blood

OCCUPATIONS Raise Dust Containing the DISEASES

Pathogen

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TASK 3. Some biological agents

This chapter will emphasize the occupational aspects of the diseases, not the
diagnosis or treatment, which is not the module's scope.

3.1. Hepatitis A

1. Explain the microbiological aspects of the etiology of

Hepatitis A?
2. Explain the disease transmission/route of the entry of
Hepatitis A?
3. Describe several kinds of workplaces that vulnerable to the
occurrence of Hepatitis A?
4. What kind of preventive measure should be performed to
prevent Hepatitis A among workers and its working environment?

3.2. Hepatitis B

1. Explain the microbiological aspects of the etiology of

Hepatitis B?
2. Explain the disease transmission/route of the entry of
Hepatitis B?
3. Describe several kinds of workplaces that vulnerable to the
occurrence of Hepatitis B?
4. What kind of preventive measure should be performed to
prevent Hepatitis B among workers and its working environment?
5. Describe the Indonesian Government regulation related to
Hepatitis B in the workplace? Can we use the laboratory results of a pre-
employment Hepatitis B immunology results as a tool for selection?
3.3. HIV-AIDS

1. Explain the microbiological aspects of the etiology of HIV-

AIDS?
2. Explain the disease transmission/route of the entry of HIV-
AIDS?
3. Describe several kinds of workplaces that vulnerable to the
occurrence of HIV-AIDS?
4. What kind of preventive measure should be performed to
prevent HIV-AIDS among workers and its working environment?
5. Describe the Indonesian Government regulation related to
HIV-AIDS in the workplace? Can we use the laboratory results of pre-
employment HIV-AIDS test results as a tool for selection?

3.4. Tuberculosis

1. Explain the microbiological aspects of the etiology of

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Tuberculosis?
2. Explain the disease transmission/route of the entry of
Tuberculosis?
3. Describe several kinds of workplaces that vulnerable to the
occurrence of Tuberculosis?
4. What kind of preventive measure should be performed to
prevent Tuberculosis among workers and its working environment?
5. Describe the Indonesian Government regulation related to
Tuberculosis in the workplace? Can we report a tuberculosis case among
healthcare workers as an occupational disease and get claimed by the BPJS
Ketenagakerjaan?

3.5. SARS-CoV 2 (Covid-19)

1. Explain the microbiological aspects of the etiology of SARS-

CoV 2 (Covid-19)?
2. Describe the epidemiology of SARS-CoV 2 among the general
population of workers and Health Workers (Morbidity and Mortality)
3. Explain the disease transmission/route of the entry of SARS-
CoV 2 (Covid-19)?
4. Explain the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of SARS-CoV 2
Infection!
5. Explain the Diagnostic Criteria of SARS-CoV 2 Infection!
6. Explain the classification of an infected person of SARS-CoV 2
Infection and their general management principles for each classification!
7. Describe several kinds of workplaces that vulnerable to the
occurrence of SARS-CoV 2 (Covid-19)?
8. What kind of preventive measure should be performed to
prevent SARS-CoV 2 (Covid-19) infection and transmission among workers
and its working environment?
9. Describe the Indonesian Government regulation related to
SARS-CoV 2 (Covid-19) in the workplace? Can we report a COVID-19 case
among healthcare workers as an occupational disease and get claimed by
the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan?

TASK 4. Prevention
The prevention of biological risk in the workplace is based on good hygiene and
sanitation. Hierarchy Control and appropriate PPE also plays an important role in
disease transmission among workers in their workplace.

4.1 Explain the examples of Biological Hazard Prevention and Control for each
hierarchy control!
Hierarchy Controls Example of Preventive Efforts

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Elimination

Substitution

Engineering/
Bioengineering controls

Administrative controls

Personal Protective
Equipment

4.2 Biosafety Levels

1. Explain the concept of Biosafety Levels!
2. List the appropriate PPE for each Biosafety level!

4.3 Describe the proper steps for wearing and removing PPE!

4.4 Explain the concept of Universal Precautions!

4.5 Explain the different types of face masks and their uses in protecting workers
from disease transmission!

CASE STUDY

Instruction; Analyze this situation and answer the question of the case!
The student defines the main biological risks in the workplace, evaluates the risk and
the need to prevent biological hazards.

You are a medical student at UNISBA in the clinical phase. You will enter the clinical
rotation of the surgical department for nine weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic.
During the surgical rotation, the workplace settings are Emergency Dept., Outpatient
Dept, Inpatient Dept, and Operation Room. Please analyze this situation.

Instructions
a. What is the possibility of biological hazard at that workplace, and how is the
possible disease transmission route?
b. Can you describe the risk of occupational disease due to these biological
hazards?
c. What kind of preventive measures should be performed by the student to
prevent these diseases?
d. Describe the appropriate PPEs to be used in outpatient, inpatient, and operation
room during the COVID-19 pandemic!

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8 Occupational health Medicine Lab Manual For Student