Pendang, Yhannie D.

Block DDD

November 21, 2020

COMPILATION OF VITAMINS

FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS

VITAMINS FUNCTIONS FOOD SOURCES RDA DEFICIENCY TOXICITY

1. Vitamin A  Promoting Retinol:

vision,  Fortified milk  Hypovitaminosis A – Hypervitaminosis A –
maintenance of  Cheese deficiency disease toxicity disease
cornea  Cream
 Participating in  Butter Men: 900 μg Manifestations: Chronic Toxicity
protein  Fortified RAE/day  Night blindness, corneal Manifestations:
synthesis and margarine drying (xerosis), Increased activity of
cell  Eggs  Triangular gray spots on osteoclasts causing
differentiation, eye (Bitot’s spots) reduced bone density;
 Liver
thereby Women: 700 μg  Softening of the cornea liver abnormalities;
maintaining the RAE/day (keratomalacia), birth defects
Beta-carotene:
health of  Spinach and  Corneal degeneration and
epithelial other dark leafy blindness (xerophthalmia)
tissues and greens  Impaired immunity
skin (infectious diseases) Acute Toxicity
 Broccoli Manifestations:
 Supporting  Plugging of hair follicles
 Deep orange
reproduction with keratin, forming white
fruits (apricots,  Blurred vision
and growth lumps (hyperkeratosis))
cantaloupe) and
 Beta-carotene  Nausea
 Vegetables
(vitamin A  Vomiting
(squash, carrots,
precursor) acts  Vertigo
sweet potatoes,
as an
pumpkin)  Increase of
antioxidant pressure
 Immunity inside skull
 mimicking
brain tumor
 Headaches
 Muscle
incoordination

2. Vitamin D

 Mineralization Synthesized in the body  Rickets in Children – Hypervitaminosis D –

of bones with the help of: 1997 Adequate deficiency disease toxicity disease
(raises blood  Sunlight Intake (AI)
calcium and  Fortified milk Adults: Manifestations: Manifestations:
phosphorus by  Margarine  5  Inadequate  Elevated
increasing  Butter μg/day calcification, blood calcium
absorption from  Juice, (19–50 resulting in  Calcification
digestive tract  Cereals, and yr) misshapen bones of soft tissues
 Withdrawing chocolate mixes (bowing of legs); (blood
calcium from  Veal  10 enlargement of vessels,
bones,  Beef μg/day ends of long bones kidneys,
 Stimulating  Egg yolks
(51–70 (knees, wrists) heart, lungs,
retention by yr)  Deformities of ribs tissues
 Liver
kidneys) (bowed, with around joints)
 Fatty fish
 15 beads or knobs)
(herring, salmon,
μg/day delayed closing of
sardines) and
(>70 fontanel, resulting
their oils
yr) in rapid
enlargement of
head
 Lax muscles
resulting in
protrusion of
abdomen; muscle
spasms
  Osteomalacia or
Osteoporosis in Adults –
deficiency disease

Manifestations:
 Loss of calcium, resulting in
soft, flexible, brittle, and
deformed bones;
progressive weakness; pain
in pelvis, lower back, and
legs

3. Vitamin E
(Alpha
Tocopher
ol)  Antioxidant  Polyunsaturated  Red blood cell breakage Augments the effects
(stabilization of plant oils  Nerve damage of anti-clotting
cell membranes (margarine, salad Adults: 15 medication
 Regulation of dressings, mg/day
oxidation shortenings)
reactions  Leafy green
 Protection of vegetables
polyunsaturate (spinach, turnip
d fatty acids greens, collard
[PUFA] and greens, broccoli)
vitamin A  Wheat germ
 Whole grains
 Liver
 Egg yolks
 Nuts
 Seeds
 Fatty meats

* Easily destroyed by heat

and oxygen
4. Vitamin K
 Synthesis of  Bacterial Men: 120
blood-clotting synthesis in the μg/day
proteins and digestive tract  Hemorrhaging None known
bone proteins  Liver
 Leafy green Women: 90
vegetables, μg/day
cabbage-type
vegetables
 Milk