Name : Ajmir Dwi Nugraha

ID : 1813440009
Class : ICP of Chemistry Education

Final Waste Manangement

1. definition:
a) Sanitary is matters related to the provision of healthy hygiene facilities. Another
definition of sanitation/sanitary is all efforts made to ensure conditions that meet health
requirements. In addition, Sanitation refers to the condition of public health related to
clean drinking water and the treatment and disposal of human waste and excreta
b) Experts view management science with various meanings. Mary Parker Follet,
management is the art of getting things done through intermediaries. In this case,
management can be interpreted as an activity carried out by a manager to direct
subordinates or other people in completing work in order to achieve a goal.
c) Solid medical waste is solid waste consisting of infectious waste, pathological waste,
sharp object waste, pharmaceutical waste, cytotoxic waste, chemical waste, radioactive
waste, pressurized container waste, and waste with high heavy metal content.
d) Landfill is a waste landfill which in the selection of locations and operations has begun
to pay attention to the Technical Requirements (SK-SNI) regarding the waste landfill.
Sanitary Landfill is throwing and piling garbage into a sunken location, compacting the
waste and then covering it with soil.
e) Waste that is not biodegradable (non-biodegradable), is treated by tertiary treatment.

2. Desain landfill : Waste materials can contain substances that are harmful to the
environment. Especially in big cities, the waste that is often generated is sewage
household. Usually this waste will be disposed of in a landfill. Thus, the design of the
landfill must be designed in such a way as not to cause leaks that can contaminate the soil
or the environment.

3. Explain waste management techniques before being disposed of to landfill sites

a. Reduce wase at the source
Reduction at the source is the simplest and least expensive method of reducing the
amount of waste buried in Israel’s landfills. Reducing waste refers to any action related
to the design, manufacture, purchase or use of materials or products that can lead to a
reduction in the amount of waste generated in the first place, and a reduction in the
toxicity of that waste before it enters the system.
b. Reuse
 Reuse refers to using products more than once, for the same purpose. Reusing products
is a good way to reduce the amount of waste generated, and ultimately landfilled. It is
also a good way to save money.
C. Recycling is the process of removing materials from the waste stream and using them as
raw materials to create new products. Recycling has many environmental benefits, since it
both prevents landfilling and allows for resource efficiency.
d. Energy recoveryaterials.
Energy recovery, or waste-to-energy, is the production of electricity, heat, or fuel from
non-recyclable waste materials.
e. Landfilling
Landfilling is the least preferred method of waste treatment in the waste hierarchy, due
to the high environmental costs of burying our waste in the ground. Still, it remains the
main method of waste disposal in Israel. One of the key goals of the Ministry of
Environmental Protection is to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills, as well as
the environmental implications of landfilling

4. Describe one or two papers that have been presented by other groups.

From group discussion, namely B3 Solid Waste Management, that Solid Waste is the result of
industrial waste in the form of solids, sludge or slurry originating from a processing process.

In general, solid waste consists of:

1) Flammable solid waste.

2) Solid waste that is difficult to burn.

3) Solid waste that decomposes easily.

4) Waste that can be recycled.

5) Radioactive waste.

6) Demolition of the building.

7) Mud.

IMPACT OF SOLID WASTE POLLUTION

Waste will definitely have a negative impact on the environment if there is no proper and
correct treatment, with solid waste in the environment it can cause pollution such as:

o The generation of toxic gases, such as sulfuric acid (H2S), ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4),
CO2 and so on. This gas will arise when solid waste is piled up and decomposes due to the
presence of microorganisms. With the rainy and dry seasons, there is a process of breaking
down organic matter by destructive bacteria in an aerobic/anaerobic atmosphere.

o Can cause a decrease in air quality, in the stacked garbage, chemical reactions such as H2S
gas, NH3 and methane will occur which if it exceeds the NAV (Threshold Value) will be
detrimental to humans. 50 ppm H2S gas can cause motion sickness and dizziness.

o Decrease in water quality, because solid waste is usually discharged directly into the waters
or together with wastewater.

o Damage to the ground surface.

According to its nature, solid waste treatment can be divided into two ways, namely the
treatment of solid waste without processing and processing of solid waste by processing.

*Solid waste without processing: Solid waste that does not contain toxic and hazardous
chemical elements can be directly disposed of as a TPA (Final Disposal Site).

*Solid waste by processing: Solid waste containing toxic and hazardous chemical elements
must be treated before being disposed of in certain places. Waste treatment can also be carried
out in other simple ways, for example, by recycling, selling to flea markets or junk workers
who usually pass in front of houses.

The factors that we need to consider before we treat the solid waste are as follows:

1. Amount of Waste

We can easily handle a little ourselves. Many may require special handling of disposal sites
and facilities.

2. Physical and chemical properties of waste

Physical properties influence the choice of disposal site, means of transportation and choice of
treatment. The chemical nature of solid waste will damage and pollute the environment by
forming new compounds.

3. Possible pollution and environmental damage.

Because the environment is sensitive or not sensitive to pollution, we need to pay attention to
the final disposal site (TPA), the elements that will be affected, and the level of pollution that
will arise.

4. The ultimate goal of processing

There is a final goal of processing that is economical and non-economic.

Landfill Design Design Paper

The landfill/landfill resulting from B3 waste treatment is the final stage of B3 waste
management. Landfill location is a special location designated as a place for landfilling B3
waste with a design equipped with a leachate generation collection system and processing unit.
Hazardous waste that can be stockpiled is waste that has not been processed or waste that does
not require further processing but has met the criteria (passed the TCLP test, compressive
strength test, has a minimum compressive value of 10 tons/m2, and passed the paint filter test)
. The purpose of landfilling B3 waste in landfills is to accommodate and isolate B3 waste that
is no longer used and to ensure protection of human health and the environment in the long
term.

Hazardous and Toxic Waste (B3) must be carried out in an appropriate manner, in terms of
place, procedures and requirements. Even though the B3 waste to be stockpiled has been
processed (physically, chemically, biologically) before, it still has the potential to pollute the
environment from its leachate generation. To prevent pollution due to leachate generation, B3
waste must be stockpiled at a location that meets certain technical requirements. In addition,
the location of the former (post) processing and landfilling of B3 waste must also be handled
properly to prevent things that are not desirable. The selection of the landfill category for B3
waste is based on the level of danger that may arise from the landfill.

Landfill Design Paper

Landfill is a physical facility used for the disposal of solid waste residues on the ground
surface in a certain area. In the past, the term sanitary landfill was used to denote a landfill
where waste was placed and closed at the end of each day's operations. Meanwhile, currently
sanitary landfill has the meaning as a facility designed as an urban solid waste disposal site
designed and operated to minimize the impact of waste disposal on public health and the
environment.

Landfill classification based on the type of waste treatment:

a Mixed waste landfill This is the most common type of landfill found in Indonesia and other
countries. Used to accommodate all types of waste that exist in the generation of urban waste
and sludge from various industrial wastewater treatment plants that have been dried so that the
solid content becomes 51% or more. Intermediate cover material and final cover are taken
from the landfill excavated soil.

b. Landfill waste that has undergone processing. Waste that has been cut or ground can reduce
landfill use space by up to 35% compared to untreated waste. Processed waste can be
compacted to form a more uniform and dense surface. Another advantage is that the cut waste
can also be used to produce compost which can be used as an intermediate covering material.
The disadvantages of this method are the need for shredding facilities and the need to operate a
conventional section of the landfill that will accommodate the difficult to cut waste. This
method is especially suitable for areas with very low or seasonal rainfall.

c. Certain waste landfills Also known as monofills, where combustion ash, asbestos, and other
similar wastes (designated waste) are generally placed in monofills to isolate them from waste
materials placed in mixed waste landfills.Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Landfill:

Excess :

• Waste treatment process requires faster time 2. Operation is easy

Weakness :

• Large operating and maintenance costs 12

• whole skilled operator

• Create new problems in the environment (eg landfill waste disposal causes soil pollution,
etc.)

• Using chemicals that may damage the environment,

• Landfill has a negative effect on the surrounding aquatic environment, namely the pollution
it causes in the form of chemical pollution (Pb, He, Fe, Mn, HCl), physical (color, turbidity,
electrical conductivity), and biology (E. coli bacteria, coliforms).