AHPR2033

PRODUCTION AND
PUBLICATION
WEEK 3: THE WRITING
PROCESS
Mr. WTKS
The Informative
writing
process
Entertainment
Setting Argument

message
strategy
Emotional Image
 5 basic message
strategies (stratagems):
• (1) Information
• Usually a straightforward
Setting statement of fact used on
Message audiences interested enough
Strategy to seek out the information
you can provide.
• Eg, new product
announcements, consumer
awareness campaigns, etc.
2. Argument
– Assumes that there are at least 2 sides to the issue you are
addressing.
– Usually persuasive in nature and require an audience that is
already interested in the issue and able to process information
fairly well.
When two groups disagree about something, an
argumentative essay attempt/tries to change the readers
mind, to convince the reader to agree with the point of view
of the writer.

Argumentative essays attempt to be highly persuasive and

logical.

Write objectively, logically, and respectfully.

Types of argumentative compositions:

• Advantages and disadvantages

• Expressing opinions / providing solutions to the problem.
• Expressing arguments for and against the topic
PAS still on the fence about Wan Azizah as
Selangor MB
■ PAS secretary-general Datuk Mustafa Ali speaks during a press conference at the
PAS headquarters in Kuala Lumpur today. – The Malaysian Insider by Afif Abd
Halim, August 14, 2014. PAS is still undecided on whether it accepted Datuk Seri Dr
Wan Azizah Wan Ismail as the new Selangor Menteri Besar (MB), despite allies PKR
and DAP backing her as a replacement to embattled Tan Sri Abdul Khalid Ibrahim.
PAS secretary-general Datuk Mustafa Ali would not say whether the Islamist party,
whose leaders are still part of Khalid's administration, accepted or rejected Dr Wan
Azizah, who is also PKR president. –
3. Image
– Used to develop or maintain a strong,
memorable identity for a person, idea,
product or organization.
– Attempts to “bundle” perceptions into a
single concept or symbol representing the
subject of the message.
– Frequently associated with political
candidates and parity products that
depend on a connotative association in
order to differentiate among them.
4. Emotional
– Generally intended to
persuade.
– Dealing with those
already on your side or
neutral.
– Depend the use of
emotionally laden
words, images, or style
elements.
5. Entertainment
– Specifically for advertising purposes, “highly
competitive and cluttered environments”.
– Entertainment value of a message help it gain and
maintain attention.
 Slang & jargon

Exactness
Good word
usage

2. Developing Appropriate Keep it fresh

Style Keep it active

Appropriate Wordiness
style Good sentence
usage
Sentence length

Chronological
order

Good
paragraph Space order
usage

Order of
climax
1. Good word usage
i. Slang and jargon
■ Use jargon only the term have
fallen into general usage.
Otherwise don’t “fuzzify”.

ii. Exactness
■ Clarity for the use of words.
■ Using denotative words to avoid
confusion.
■ Specific words
(Car – general, honda accord LX –
specific)
 Connotation refers to the
Denotation refers to the associations that are
literal meaning of a word, connected to a certain
the "dictionary word or the emotional
definition." suggestions related to that
word.
iii. Keep it fresh
■ Avoid worn out words, instead
for a fresh approach.
■ Eg: John Smith, who was born
and raised in Chicago.
■ Eg: John Smith, a native of
Chicago.
iv. Keep it active
■ Active voice able to brings immediacy to your writing and the place the action where it
belongs.
■ Passive voice: The decision was made by the corporate CEO to discontinue all employee
benefits until employees, in his words, “show a little respect for my office”.
■ Active voice: The CEO made the decision to discontinue all employee benefits until
employees, in his words, “show a little respect for my office”.
2. Good sentence usage
i. Wordiness
■ Formal English should be more precise than informal English.
■ 1st draft: I would appreciate it if you could set up a meeting for
sometime in the later afternoon, midweek, for our next,
important get-together.
■ Revised draft: I would appreciate it if you could set up a time
sometime late Wednesday afternoon for our next meeting.
■ Final draft: Please set up a 3.00 meeting for next Thursday.
ii. Sentence length
■ Short sentences are easier to read, however
don’t choppy sentences if they can be
joined.
■ Monotonous: Harvey walked into the
office. He sat down. He began to type on
his 1923 Underwood. It was the typewriter
with the black, metal carriage. Harvey hated
typing this early in the morning. He was
never fully awake until at least 10 o’clock.
■ Varied: Harvey walked into the office, sat
down and began to type on his 1923
Underwood with the black, metal carriage.
Harvey hated typing this early in the
morning, since he was never fully awake
until at least 10 o’clock.
3. Good paragraph usage

i. Chronological order (time order)

■ Often implies a direct mention of time or dates.
■ Appropriate when explaining the steps involved in an action.
ii. Space order
■ Implies movement from one location to another; right to left, up to down, east to
west, high to low.
iii. Order of climax
■ The arrangement of sentences moves from the least important element to the
most important element in the paragraph.
■ Eg of chronological order:
■ Eg of space order:
Eg of order of climax:
■ “When we view each member of our office
staff as an individual, we sometimes develop
tunnel vision. We have to understand the
larger picture in order to alleviate this
problem. They are all a part of a much larger
organism. Together they form departments.
Departments from divisions. The larger
company is composed of these divisions and
the company is part of a much larger
conglomerate. To take the analogy further,
the conglomerate is only one of the hundreds
of such groupings which help make our
system economics one of the most successful
in the world.”
The Evaluation
Process
■ Test your final message – to
succeed in meeting your
objective.
■ Steps:
1. Do your message reflect
your original objectives?
2. Directed to your target
audience?
3. Relevant message strategy?
4. Best choice of medium?
Focus group – Present them with message and ask for their reactions.

Readability formula – test appropriateness of message to the audience.

Readership surveys: seek to find out whether anyone really will read your
message.

Statistical surveys: test whether your readers are actually receiving your
message to whether or not they’re changing their attitudes or behaviour because
of your message.
List of word
processing program

■ Using a computer to create, edit and

print documents.
■ A word processor enables you to
create a document, store it
electronically on a disk, display it
on a screen, modify it by entering
commands and characters from the
keyboard, and print it on a printer.
■ Language word processing program.
■ Pick a program that meets all your
needs.
■ Pick a program that will not limit
document size.
List of word processing program

Document. OpenOffice.
Writer Word pad
Editor Org

Lotus word
Apple pages Frame maker WordPerfect
pro

Adobe Microsoft
Google Docs
Buzzword Office
THE END
ANY QUESTIONS?