Public Speaking- Giving a presentation
in front of the addressees.
-This is when you stand before
an audience and deliver a speech n a
formal or informal occasion.
Types of speeches
1. Expository/ Informative Speech –
needs data to impart. It explains an
idea, a process or an object.
-facts must be presented in a
clear and organized way.
2. Persuasive Speech- is a discourse
designed to move people to do or not to
do. It ties to convince audience and
readers to accept a particular viewpoint
or to take a certain action.
a. a communication process in
which the communicator seeks to elicit a
desired response from his receiver.
b. a conscious attempt by one
individual to change the attitudes,
beliefs, or behaviour of another
individual or group of individuals through
the transmission of some message.
c. a symbolic activity whose
purpose is to affect the internalization or
voluntary acceptance of new cognitive
states.
d. successful intentional effort of
influencing other’s mental state through
communication.
3. Entertaining Speech- spoken both in
standard and informal language, offers
the audience an enjoyable experience
4. Extemporaneous Speech- is an
informal speech given to suit an
occasion, event or audience and does
not rely on a prepared manuscript but
on the speaker’s knowledge and ability
to improve.
Steps on how to prepare a speech
1. Gather valid proof from reliable
sources.
2. Use appropriate appeals to support
your arguments.
3. Present a clear outline.
When presenting speech
1. Use rhetorical strategies
2. Use verbal and non-verbal strategies
Purposeful stride- being a skilled
public speaker will give you an edge that
offers lack even those who are more
educated, have better training, or who
may even have better ideas. This is
because being able to communicate
effectively, efficiently, and to position
yourself for leadership puts you ahead
of the pack.
Process of Writing
1. Prewriting- includes exploring topics,
choosing a topic, and beginning to
gather and organize details before you
write.
2. Drafting- includes getting your ideas
down on paper. This will serve as your
blueprint; a plan on how to execute your
writing.
3. Revising-this is the stage in which
you rework your first draft to improve
and review details in your content and
structure.
4. Editing and Proofreading- this Use:
process will involve checking of your
-poetry
grammar, spelling, and mechanics.
-Nature writing
5. Publishing and Presenting- this is
the state wherein you share your works -Descriptive passages in fiction
to others and let them read yours.
3. Persuasive- tries to fetch other
Qualities of Good Writing people to your point of view. Main drive
is to convince.
1. Strong ideas
Use:
2. Organization
-opinion and editorial newspaper pieces
3. Voice
-advertisements
4. Word choice
-reviews
5. Sentence fluency
-letter of recommendation
6. Conventions
-letter of complaint
“Writer’s style is an image of his or her
personality, inimitable voice, and way of -cover letter
impending the audience and readers”
4. Narrative- it tells a story. There will
usually be characters and dialogue. The
author will generate different characters
Four types of writing
and tell you what occurs to them.
1. Expository – main purpose is to
-it answered the question: “What
explain.
happened then?”
- Talks about the object without
Usage:
giving opinions.
-novels
Use:
-short stories
- Textbook writing
-novellas
- How to- articles
-poetry
- Recipes
- Autobiographies or biographies
- New stories
- Anecdotes
- Business, technical or scientific writing
-oral histories
2. Descriptive- focuses on
communicating the details of a
character, event or place. Main purpose
is to describe.
First person narration- author writes
from the point of view of one of the
characters.
What is persuasion?
- A communication process in
which the communicator seeks to
elicit a desired response from his
receiver.
- A conscious attempt by one
individual to change the attitudes,
beliefs, or behaviour on another
individual or group of individuals
Why persuasion?
1. It is a symbolic process
2. It involves an attempt to influence
3. People persuade themselves
4. It involves the transmission of a
message
5. It requires free choice
Why Argue?
- Argumentation normally involves
identifying relevant norms and
conclusions for a given problem
being analysed.
Argumentation- a vital form of human
reasoning
What is register?
Register (style) – is a variety of
language used in a particular social
setting.
Jargon- refers specifically to the
vocabulary associated with such register
Dialects- used by a particular speech
communities and associated with
geographical setting or social groups.
Types of Speech Style
1. Formal- it uses formal words,
expressions and imparting information.
-strictly following the correct
grammar, diction and convention.
- it usually elaborate complex
sentences, technical vocabulary and
exact definition.
2. Intimate- it is used in a conversation
between people who are very close and
know each other quite well because of
having a maximum shared background
information.
3. casual- is also simply defined as a
style that is used for the conversation in
our relaxed or normal situation.
4. Consultative- it is used in some
group discussion, regular conversations,
at school, companies, trade, speech
conversation, etc.
- This is the opposite of the
intimate style because this style is used
among people who do not share
common experiences or meaning.
5. Frozen- it is the most formal
communicative style that is usually used
in respectful situation of formal
ceremony.