Communicative strategies
-are plans, ways, means of sharing information
which are adapted to achieve a particular social,
political, psychological or linguistic.
7 types of Communicative
Strategies
1.)Nomination- presenting a particular topic
clearly, truthfully and saying only the relevant
information
2.)Restriction- Constraining the response or
action within a set categories
3.)Turn taking- recognizing when to speak
because it is one’s turn
4.)Topic control- keeping the interaction
going by asking questions and eliciting response
5.)Topic Shifting- Introducing a new topic
followed by continuation of that topic
6.)Repair- overcoming communication
breakdown to send more comprehensible
message
7.) Termination- using verbal and nonverbal
signals to end the interaction
4 types of speech purpose
1.) Expository or Informative- needs
data to impact
2.) Persuasive speech- needs specific
data that will help the speaker in
sharing the minds of the listeners and
move them to action
3.) Entertainment or speech to
entertain- may or may not need data
unless the data can be used in a
humorous way
4.) To instruct (not kasali)
Public Communication
-most recognizable to everyone,
requires preparation; finding out what
the speaker already knows about the
topic; the sourcing
information;according to the purpose of
the speech
4 types of speeches according
to manner of delivery
>classifying speeching according to the purpose
of speeker can be classifies based on the
“manner of delivery” or the way the speech is
given
1.)Reading or speaking from a
manuscript
-reads a fully written out speech
-used in the formal speech context
-this manner of delivery allows for greater
control of the wording of the speech when
precise wording is paramount
Ex. State of the National Address (SONA)
Presentation or Conference
Drawbacks of reading/ speaking from a
manuscript
1.reading with no emotions, no highlight, no
intonation and obvious emphasizer
2.never looks up from manuscript ( or no eye
contact in the audience)
3. lack of focus (mawalasaginabasa)
4. Manuscript may be blown by the wind/or air
resulting to disarranged paper
4. its words contain jargons, technical language,
complex words
(the audience/ listeners may or may not
understand the reader of the manuscript)
2.) Memorized Speech
-written speech is fully memorized every word,
phrases, comma, periods
Drawbacks to Memorized Speech
1.Forgetting lines when delivering speech
2. Lack of eye contact in the audience
3. Delivery without intonations, highlights
(like#1 in the manuscript)
3.) Impromptu Speech
-hardly given time to prepare speech
-delivered on short notice with little to no
preparation
-sometimes called “thinking on your feet”
Advantage of impromptu
-more conversational tone, delivered
spontaneous manner unlike manuscript
-can adjust (make it shorter or larger), add or
skip idea
Drawbacks of impromptu
-speaker can go on and on with no pauses or
periods
-may be rotted and disorganized
4.) Extemporaneous Speech
-prepared outline of your ideas, supporting
datas
-A well-prepared speech that relies on
research, clear organization, and practiced
delivery, but is neither read nor memorized.
Advantages
-outline helps remember the particular order of
points he/she make
-outline allows to jump from one point to
another or even rearranging the order simply
-less formal than the manuscript
-more conventional than memorized
-prevent losing eye contact with the
audience
4 Principles of speech writing
1. Choosing the topic
–topic should be timely(meaning existing at
the present time)
–should be interesting
–topic that is new that has never been
heard before by your listeners, is an
attention grabber, so is the topic that is
controversial
2. Analyzing the Audience
--one of the major factors that determine
the uniqueness of the speech
-the audience data may influence the
audience reaction to the speech; It will also
influence the way you write the speech –
what points to choose, what to leave out,
the words to use, and even what tone of
voice will work onthem. Demographic Data
-Know where the audience belongs and
lastly know what the audience feels
3. Sourcing the Information
-involves seeking out all the available means
for finding materials to support the speech
-Good sources: newspaper, magazines,
books, journals or any reading material full
of information.
-Best source: people especially the experts
or those who are involved in the field which
the topic belongs
-Information gathered must be at the level
of knowledge of both the speaker and the
audience, without offending the listener.
4. Outlining and Arranging the
Speech Content
-first step: sort information into categories:
statistics, testimonies and opinions,
historical facts classified according to the
point they are making specifically, part of
the topic discussed
- next: organize the speech itself. Best
method is an outline
5 Types of Outline
1.) Chronological Outline Third Principle: Stage Presence

-a historical/time approach like from the
past to the present
Ex development of ilocos Region
frommartial law to the present
2.) Spatial/ Geographical Outline
-The ability to “own” the stage, being able
to fill the space and project his/her
personality to the audience – stage
presence
-opposite of the stage presence is stage
fright considered by many of the topmost
fear in the world of public speaking.

-going from one place to another, from one -no one is immune from stage fright, other
direction to another people just manage it better and create
what we see as stage presence
Ex. The heritage churches of pampangga

3.) Cause and Effect

Fourth Principle: Facial Expression,
Gestures and Movement
4.) Problem Solution -the message of any speech is reinforced
-describe clarified and complimented by nonverbal
communication such as facial expressions,
-cite examples gestures and movement. Without these
-solutions/suggestions nonverbal element the speaker may be
judged as boring with flat delivery and as
unemotional voice.
5.) Topical Outline/ Solution -Facial expressions should change
-such as ways/suggestions -Gestures should emphasize only the
points

-Movement should allow the

speaker to carry the speech around and to
the audience , forward

Principle speech Delivery

FIFTH PRINCIPLE: AUDIENCE RAPPORT

First principle Articulation

-word choice and grammatical correctness

are necessary in writing the speech, but it is
articulateness in pronouncing the words
and speaking with clear action that
effectively transmit the message of the
speaker.

-Proper breathing techniques together with

the correct molding of sound that make up
words contribute to efficient articulation

Second Principle: Modulation

-People like to listen to voices that are well

modulated, meaning the capability to adjust
or manipulate the resonate and timbre of
the vocal tone