EVALUATING MESSAGES AND IMAGES
 The advancements in digital technology
paved the way to innovative modes and
platforms of communication.
 The massive and rapid developments in
digital communications ushered in a new
era of communication does not simply rely
on words, but also on images and other
semiotics of the channel used to convey
message.
MULTIMODALITY
 uses two or more communication modes to
make meaning.
 It shows different ways of knowledge
representations and meaning- making, and
investigates contributions of semiotic
resources (language, gestures, images) are
co-deployed across various modalities
(visual, aural, somatic, etc).
 multimodality highlights the significance of
interaction and integration in constructing a
coherent text.
◾
A multimodal text can either be one of the
following:
1. Paper
2. Digital
3. Live
4. Transmedia
 Purpose, the creator of the text must be
clear on the message
 Audience, the nature, interests and
sensitivities of the target audience
 Context, the message should be clearly
delivered through various semiotic
resources,
The following are the factors to consider in
determining your target audience.
1. Social composition. - this factor focuses on the
audience’s age, gender, race, family, educational
status, occupation, religion, and politics.
2. Beliefs and attitudes. - attitude is one’s way of
thinking or feeling about something while
belief is one’s feeling of being sure that something
is true or that something exists.
3. Attitude toward the sender - maintaining a
friendly attitude or goodwill is important to beget the
same attitude from your audience.
4. Attitude toward the topic or subject - this will
influence their perception of your topic if they
find it interesting or not.
5. Attitude toward your purpose - your purpose is
already part of your message from the time
you begin conceptualizing it.
WAYS OF PRESENTING MESSAGES
The success of getting your message
across depends on various factors, one of which is
the ways or methods that you use.
Methods of Delivery
A. Reading or Speaking from a Manuscript
-It is usually used in the Formal Speech Context
-The speech is fully written out, usually typed, and
not folded but placed in a folder for neatness.
-It is directly reading your speech
Disadvantages:
1.The speaker tends to read without emotion,
lacking spontaneity, and may even sound boring.
2.The speaker, most of the time, never looks up
from the manuscript being read.
3.The speaker can lose his/her place in the Speech
even while reading it or turn to the wrong
page of the manuscript.
4.The manuscript may be blown by the wind/fan/air
conditioning unit or fall from the lectern.
5.The formality of the language of the Speech often
means the use of complex words, jargon,
or technical language which is more often than not
polysyllabic.
B. Memorized Speech
-A speech that is fully written out like the Speech
that is Read from the Manuscript.
-The speech is fully memorized-every word,
phrase, comma, and every period.
-Totally written out, completely memorized and
delivered word for word.
Disadvantages:
1.Forgetting lines when one is already delivering
the Speech.
2.The lack of eye contact with the Audience.
3.Tendency to deliver the Speech without inflection.
C. Impromptu Speech
-Delivered with hardly and no preparation.
-Sometimes also called “thinking on your feet.”
Advantages
1.The speech is delivered in a spontaneous
manner and in a more conversational tone.
2.The speaker can adjust the speech and add or
skip idea without any problem.
Disadvantages
1.The speaker can just go and on, with no point to
make at all.
2.The speaker may be so rattled and disorganized
that the speech ends up with not much sense.
D. Extemporaneous Speech
-A speech that is prepared beforehand but not
totally written out.
-The outline preparation is what it differentiates
from Impromptu speech.
-It is less formal than a Manuscript, more
conversational than a memorized speech.
Advantages Miss Tess Munoz
1.The outline helps the speaker remember the
particular order of points he/she wants to make. 2.Subject Line
2.There is no need to memorize paragraph upon This is used to inform the reader what the letter is
paragraph. about.
3.The outline allows the speaker to jump from one This is typed 2 spaces below the salutation.
point to another. Example:
Dear Ms. Legaspi
(2 spaces)
OTHER WAYS OF PRESENTING MESSAGES Subject: New Office Policies

1. Print. - the most common method of sending a 3.Enclosure Notation

message. It includes letters, memorandums, A reminder that there is an attachment.
reports, catalogs, fliers, ads, and brochures. Usually typed under the typist’s initials.
2. Electronic - messages produced using Example:
electronic equipment or devices. The equipment JV/TA
includes computers, cell phones, fax machine, etc. (2 spaces) Enclosure: Check
Emails are the most common method of presenting
messages, be it personal or work related. 4.CC Notation (Carbon Copy Notation)
3. Face-to-Face - this method is what is usually Typed after the enclosure or reference initials.
used in most companies when meeting It shows that some other copies are being sent to
employees or business partners. one or more persons other
4.Teleconferencing - originally, this is a meeting than the addressee.
using a telephone that transpires between two or Example:
among three or more people from different places. JV/TA
This is what is called audio teleconference. But with (2 spaces)
technological advancements, teleconferencing is no Cc Dean CAS
longer limited to audio alone, but graphics and
video as well. Video teleconference or video 5.BCC Notation (Blind Carbon Copy Notation)
conference makes use of both audio and video. This is used if the writer does not want the reader
5.Visual Aids - these are helpful tools to enhance to know that he is sending a copy of the letter to
one’s presentation. another person.

6.Postscripts
This part emphasizes a point made in the letter.
It is designed to draw attention.
This may be preceded by the letters P.S. or N.B.
(nota bene, “note well”)

7.Mailing Notation
A note indicating the special postal service.
BUSINESS LETTER STYLES

•Letters follow certain letter styles. Below are the

six business letter styles.

1.Full Block style

This is the most used style because of its
simplicity.
All basic parts are aligned along the left margin.

2.Modified Block Style

This style is preferred by many letter writers.
The dateline, complimentary close, and the
signature are flush right.
The salutation and body are aligned left.

3.Semi-Block Style
This is almost exactly the same as the modified
block except that the first line of each paragraph is
indented.
4.Simplified NOMA (National Office
Management Association)
This style omits the salutation and the
complimentary close.
All parts are flush left.
The NOMA recommends that the letter writer
adopt its simplified letter.
There is always a subject line typed in full capital
letter as well as the typed
signature.
The NOMA recommends that addressee be
mentioned by name in the
opening sentence.

A resume is an easy-to read summary of

your qualifications for a job.
It usually includes a cover letter that states
your interest in a specific position and describe
your general abilities.

FORMAT
The format of the resume varies both
according to the individual writing it and the position
applied for.
In general, a resume follows no standard
form, but there are principles you should follow:
1.Be brief.
2.Stick to the point.
3.Organize resume information.
4.Write in brief, active phrases.
5.Concentrate on the particular position.

Every employer expects a resume:

1.to look good
2.to read easily
3.to provide information the employer needs to It is one of the most important documents you will
make an interviewing decision ever write after finishing college.
An application letter should emphasize your
Make your resume perfect! personal qualities and qualifications convincingly.
Your purpose is to interpret your resume and
Organize your information within these categories: show an employer how valuable you will be.
(Abelos, et.al, 2004) Keep a cover letter brief.
1.Name, address, and phone number Avoid repeating what is in the resume.
2.Career Objectives Express your interest in the position.
3.Educational background Request an interview.
4.Work experience Refer the recipient to the enclosed resume.
5.Personal Data
6.Interests, activities, awards, and skills
7.References Writing the Cover Letter
Begin the cover letter by identifying the position
Select and organize your material to best show you want and by telling specifically when and how
what you have to offer. you heard about it.
Don’t just list everyting; be selective. Briefly refer to an aspect of your resume that is
Don’t abbreviate. particularly relevant to the position.
Use punctuation to clarify and emphasize, not to End the cover letter by stating your desire or an
be unique or artsy. interview.
Begin preparing your resume at least one month
before your job search.

ELEMENTS OF A RESUME
1.Personal Data
List your name, address, and telephone number
where you can be reached during business hours.
Include a mobile/phone number, and e-mail
address.

2.Career Objective
You may include a brief statement of a long-range
goal or specific interests. Keep such a statement
brief, no more than one line or two.
Hope to secure an administrative position in the
academe.
Strong interest in sales and marketing

3.Education
This part should include schools you attended. List
the dates you attended each one, any degrees
received, your major, and any honors you received.
If you did not receive a diploma, list the number of
units you earned.

4.Employment History/Work Experience

List your most recent job first. Include each
employer’s name and address, and identify the
position you held. Use short phrases and action
verbs to describe your responsibilities.

5.Activities
You may include a section indicating other
activities, memberships, hobbies or awards that
might interest an employer.

6.References
Before you provide the employer with a list of
references, be sure you have ascertained that
everyone listed will support your application. Once
that is accomplished, you may provide employers
with references in one of three ways:

Application Letter (Cover)