HANDOUT FOR PUBLIC SPEAKING
lectures to a usually large group of people.
Public Speaking – Public speaking is an act of
speaking to a group of people in a structured,
deliberate manner intended to inform, argue, or
entertain the audience.
- Public speaking is important in both
business, education, and the public
arena.
- A presentation that is given LIVE in front
of an audience.
- The goal is to educate, entertain, or
influence the listeners.
- Public Speech is typically limited to a
specific time and place.
Characteristics of Public Speaking
Accuracy – refers to the correctness of the
language being produced by the speaker.
- Condition or quality of being true,
correct, or exact.
- Clear and articulate speaking or writing
- Language free from grammar mistakes
- Words spelled and/or pronounced
correctly
- Language appropriate to the situation
and/or context
Fluency - ability to speak or write a foreign
language easily and accurately.
- ability to express oneself easily and
articulately
- ability to get across communicative
intent without too much hesitation and
too many pauses.
- The ability to produce written and/or
spoken language with ease
- Speak with a good but not necessarily
perfect command of intonation,
vocabulary, and grammar
- Communicate ideas effectively
- Produce continuous speech without
causing comprehension difficulties or a
breakdown in communication
STAGE FRIGHT – or performance anxiety is a
state of anxiety or fear which occurs when an
individual is faced with the requirement of
performing in front of an audience (either
directly or through a screen, e.g. in front of a
camera).
KEY ELEMENTS OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
SPEAKER – a person who gives speeches or
MESSAGE - the content or the idea the speaker
wants to convey.
AUDIENCE – one or more people who come
together to listen to the speaker.
INTENT - the speaker’s purpose in delivering his
speech.
METHOD OF DELIVERY – how the speaker will
present the speech he has researched,
organized, outlined, and practiced.
THREE TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
Informative Speech – explain, report, describe,
clarify, define and demonstrate. Their primary
purpose is to present facts, details, and
examples.
- To convey information or to satisfy
people’s curiosity.
Persuasive Speech – are designed to convince
or persuade and the goal is to influence the
audience’s beliefs or attitudes.
- The aim of this speech is to convince the
audience to change their views or
beliefs. Examples are: Political campaign,
public debates, and product launching
stories
Entertainment Speech – use humor to
influence an audience. Captivates audience’s
attention and regale or amuse them while
delivering a clear message.
- An entertaining speech is a speech
designed to captivate an audience’s
attention and regale or amuse them
while delivering a message.
METHODS OF DELIVERY
1. Manuscript Reading/Method
- Delivering a speech from a text written
word-for-word.
- Reading a written report to your
audience word for word, glancing up
from time to time to make eye contact.
- This kind of speech delivery requires the
speaker to prepare/ write his speech
ahead of time for the occasion.
- It is usually speaking in broadcasting
over the radio, school reports,
presenting seminar papers or
researches. It deprives the audience
 with eye contact but gives less worries confidence which is enough to sustain
for the speaker (fear of forgetting the time required for the speech
important details). delivery.
2. Memorized Speech/Memorization
Method
- delivering a speech that is recalled
verbatim from a text.
- The rote recitation of a written message
that the speaker has committed to
memory.
- This kind of speech delivery is not always
advantageous. This may result to
forgetting and loss of more realistic
expression of the ideas of the speech. It SPEECH PATTERNS
must assure that the speaker has -AREM: Answer – Reason – Example –Message
memorized the speech word for word.
- Used when you are asked a specific question.
3. Extemporaneous Speech/Method -PREP: Position – Reason – Example – Position
- Researched and planned ahead of time
but the exact wording is not scripted; - Used when you are given a situation or quote.
with notes or outline to refer to for - When the question asks for your opinion.
guidance on key ideas, structure, and
delivery cues. -PPF: Past – Present – Future
- A limited amount of time is given to - Used when comparing events or situations
prepare for the oral report. within a timeline.
- Maintaining eye contact for this method
- Use it when your answer can be framed on a
should be done because this method
timeline or when you have three points to
allows the speaker to engage with the
compare. 
audience.
-SMB (SMG): Story – Message – Benefit (Gain)
- Used to relate a topic to one’s own or other’s
experience.

HOW TO DELIVER YOUR SPEECH

Breathing

4. Impromptu Speech/Method
- - Delivered with little or no preparation.
Usually presented with no guide notes
or outline with only seconds or minutes
of advance notice for preparation.
- You talk on the spot with no prepared
draft, outline, or note cards. Eye Contact
- You are called to speak at the spur of the
moment because you are expected to be
knowledgeable about the subject.
- An impromptu speaker is deprived of
ample time to prepare for his speech.
He organizes his thoughts right before
the actual delivery. The speech is
composed even during the delivery. The
speaker is expected to possess self-
Movement - Interact with the audience and vary the
pace of your presentation to keep your
audience’s attention
- A factor that best increases the odds
that your efforts at ‘convincing your
audience’ will succeed is to establish a
common ground between yourself and
Posture the audience.
- Effective speech delivery means
connecting with the audience.
- Pause to emphasize words.
- DO NOT be monotonous—speak in one
tone all the way. Make sure the tone of
your voice is varied.
- DO NOT always include word fillers
Hand Gestures (speech fillers/discourse markers to fill
dead air) in your speech.
- DO NOT randomly enumerate your points
in the body of your speech.
- DO NOT cover as many topics and
information as you can in your speech.
Facial Expression

HOW TO STRUCTURE YOUR CONTENT

Voice Projection

HOW TO DELIVER A SPEECH (TIPS)

DO’s and DON’T’s
- Establish eye contact and use hand
gestures in emphasizing a point.
- A well-organized speech can increase the
speaker's credibility in the minds of Examples used as supporting material for a
listeners. claim are likely to be effective when they are
- The conclusion should summarize all your relevant to the claim that is made.
key points and leave a challenge to your
audience.
- You may include humor in your speeches.
- Gesture your hands naturally while
speaking in public.
- Use Prompt cards with the main points
for each topic to remember what to say
in a classroom report/ presentation.