Lesson 1: What are the origins of English in the Philippines?

- Colonialism
- Imperialism - a policy of extending a country's power and influence through
diplomacy or military force; rule by an emperor.
- We are forced to learn/speak the language.

During the War

- Sent an army (teachers) to reshape the minds of the Filipino people.
- Indoctrinate and Miseducate.
- Atrocious (horrifyingly wicked; savage, barbaric, of a very poor quality; extremely bad
or unpleasant; terrible, dreadful) and Genocide (the deliberate killing of a large
number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group with the aim of destroying
that nation or group;masscre, annihilation; complete destruction or obliteration.)
- Powerful tool in reshaping the minds of diverse people in PH
- Not just medium (official)/ preferred by the media.
- Sophisticated ( having, revealing, or proceeding from a great deal of worldly
experience and knowledge of fashion and culture; wordly-wise, experienced, cultured,
civilized) ((of a machine, system, or technique) developed to a high degree of
complexity. "highly sophisticated computer systems"; advanced, trailblazing)
- Primitive, Ignorance, Barbaric
- 1935 Communication (Filipino Nationalism)
- Tagalog spoken (basis of new Filipino lang.)
- It has been embedded in our culture that language is the language of educated
- No choice/we’re forced to learn and value (187 language)
- Do not know about the truth
- Have to survive and thrive
- Reconnect and relearn Mother tongues
- Open eyes and minds new world
- We have long been disconnected from the whole new world we are now.
Origins of English in the PH

- American Colonial Period

From a Critical Lense

T. Ruanni Tupas
- We have been conditioned to forget 3 things:

1. Forgetting the Filipino-American War

What happened?
- Saved, liberated, freed PH
- Bloodier war/1st major war
- Massive
- Atrocities and Genocide
2. Forgetting the Empire and American Colonial Education
- Colonial Education is part of the White Man’s Burden
- The Education System penetrates much of the no islands to allegedly elevate
the people from ethics.
3. Forgetting the Colonial Mournings of English
- 1st civil Gov. William Howard Taft
- Would have never learn individual character.

1. Forgetting is collective (done by many people)

2. Forgetting is structured (deliberately donem with vested (secured in the
possession of or assigned to a person.) interest)
3. Forgetting is socially practical (used to disconnect past to present; own cultural
identities)
“When we forget, we easily misrecognized”

Bourdieu’s Misrecognition

1. Misrecognition is an exercise of power

- Trying to control (hide the bad; only the good)
2. Misrecognition is a symbolic practice of violence
- Use of English eradicated
- The use of Focal language
3. Misrecognition is a socio-cognitive scheme
- Cognitive frameworks

Effects of Historical Forgetting is the Language of Power

Lesson 2: What English Do We Teach?

1. Effects of Colonial Mindset in Educ - MT

- American is not the ONLY measure of correct/standard English

British Language transformed into New type of English

Lift - elevator
I spoke to - I spoke with
Lives in street - lives on street
Have a bath - Take a bath

Why other English (Adapted/Homegrown) cannot be accepted?

Emerging English Localized

2. Native Language affects/influence our accent

- Not really wrong it’s just different
 - Authenticity when it comes to person you’re playing
- Normalize (Do not standardize English everywhere)
- We use loan words and pronunciation
- Just because we do not pronounce it the same way as you do does not mean
we’re wrong?
- If foreigners cannot even pronounce Filipino words correctly then other
people should also accept how we pronounce theirs.
- The point of language is to transfer one idea from 1 person to another person.
- English in our country is just one among many.

3. Globalization (World Englishes)

- Braj Kachru (Indian Linguist) 1965

- Indian English nativized
- Unique, cultural, and social aspects
- Own variety
- 1984
- We framework
- Global Profile
- Concentric Circles
- Inner Circles (UK, USA, Canada)
- Outer Circles ( Colonial History - India, Singapore, Tanzania)
- Expanding Circle ( EFL - China, Taiwan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil)
- Own rules, own grammar as it uses a broader number of social context.
- Functional domains (The functional domain is defined by the constraints on what can
be expressed within the language and without elaboration. It determines the
processing details that users may leave out of their expressions.)
- Social penetration (The social penetration theory states that as relationships
develop, communication moves from relatively shallow, non intimate levels to deeper,
more personal ones. Individual Interpretations: The more time we spend with others,
the more likely we are to self-disclose more intimate thought and details of our life)
 - Acculturation (By our definition, language acculturation refers to the degree of
proficiency in, and comfort with, the new language in daily living while maintaining
fluency in the native language. This process occurs over a period of time and is
different for each individual.)
- Varieties of English (Legitimate, Equal, None is better than the other)

English as a Lingua Franca

Why English has become the world's lingua franca is due to the fact that it is the common
language or mode of communication that enables people to understand one another
regardless of their cultural and ethnical backgrounds. It makes communication a lot easier
and understanding one another has become efficient.

Lingua Franca - a language that is adopted as a common language between speakers

whose native languages are different.

- Common lang of speakers of diff. Language

- Mandarin, Latin, International sign language
- Dynamic ) international diplomacy, tourism)
- Operates on diff. Levels depending on contexts not variety
- Approach to using English instead of teaching One English, TEACH ENGLISH AS A
GLOBAL LANGUAGE.

4. David Crystal ( English Adaptation)

- Loan Words - Loanwords are words adopted by the speakers of one language from a
different language (the source language). A loanword can also be called a borrowing.
The abstract noun borrowing refers to the process of speakers adopting words from a
source language into their native language.
- Borrowed Words - Why are there borrowed words?
- Borrowing and lending of words happens because of cultural contact
between two communities that speak different languages. Often, the
dominant culture (or the culture perceived to have more prestige) lends
more words than it borrows, so the process of exchange is usually
asymmetrical.
- Everywhere new varieties of English words are growing because of cultural
influences.