Lesson 2:

“LOCAL and GLOBAL

COMMUNICATION in
MULTICULTURAL
SETTINGS”
OBJECTIVES:

1.Demonstrate an awareness of the reality of cultural

diversity.
2.Demonstrate an understanding of how cultural diversity
affects communication; and
3.Appreciate the benefits and challenges of cross-cultural
communication.
CULTURE

- can be defined as all the behaviors, ways of life, arts,

beliefs and institutions of a population that are passed
down from generation to generation.
- also called “The way of life for an entire society.”
CULTURAL DIVERSITY

- synonyms with multiculturalism.

- appreciating that society is made up of many different
groups with different interests, skills, talents, and needs.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

- is a form of communication that aims to share

information across different cultures and social
groups.
“HIGH and LOW CONTEXT CULTURES”

This concept refers to the values cultures place upon

direct and indirect communication (Neese, 2016)
 SEQUENTIAL vs.
SYNCHRONIC
-people tend to do one -people usually do more
activity at a time. than one activity at a time.
-appointment are strictly -appointment are
kept. approximate
-strong preferences to -believe time is flexible and
follow plan. intangible.
- Country: US -Countries: Mexico, France,
Middle East, Asian.
 AFFECTIVE vs.
NEUTRAL
- wide range of facial - strive to control their
expressions and physical emotions. Reason may
gestures during influence their behavior
conversation. than feelings.
Lesson 3:

VARIETIES and
REGISTERS of
SPOKEN and
WRITTEN
LANGUAGE
LANGUAGES

- the principal method of human communication, either

written or spoken words.
SPOKEN LANGUAGES
- is a language produced by articulate sounds, as opposed to
a written languages.
WRITTEN LANGUAGES
- is an invention that must be taught to children …..
SEARCH
LANGUAGE VAREITIES
- variety is a generic term for an articular coherent form
of language.
- is referring the various forms of language triggered by
social factors.

VARIETY – is a specific set of “linguistic items” and

“human speech pattern”.
DIFFERENT LANGUAGE VARIETIES:

1. PIDGIN – new language which develop where speakers of different

languages need to communicate but don’t share a common language.
2. CREOLE – when children start learning a pidgin as their first language and
it becomes the mother tongue of community, it is called creole.
3. REGIONAL DIALECT – is not a distinct language but variety of language
spoken in a particular area of a country.
4. MINORITY DIALECT – minority ethnic group have their own variety which
they use as a marker of identity.
5. INDIGENIZED VARIETIES – are spoken mainly as second languages in ex-
colonies with multilingual populations.
LANGUAGE REGISTERS

- According to Nodquist, register is defined as the way a speaker

uses language differently in different circumstances.

- Register is a variety of language used for a particular purpose

or in a social setting. Ex: speaking in formal setting.

- the term ‘register’ was first used by linguist Thomas Bertram

Reid in 1956.
1. Frozen or Static register— refers to historic language or communication that is
intended to remain unchanged, like a constitution or prayer.
2. Formal Register— less rigid but still constrained. It is used in professional,
academic or legal settings where communication is expected to be respectful,
uninterrupted and restrained.
3. Consultative Register— often use in conversation when they are speaking with
someone who has specialized knowledge or who is offering advice.
4. Casual Register— people use when they are friends, close acquaintances and
coworkers, and family.
5. Intimate Register— this register is reserved for special occasions, usually
between only two people and often in private.
Language Registers may classified as either formal,
informal, or neutral.

1.Formal Language Register- formal writing is

probably the most difficult type of writing. It is
impersonal, meaning it is not written for a specific
person and is written without emotion.
Some kinds of writing are always written in formal
English. Formal writing includes:

 Business Letters
 Letters of complaint
 Reports
 Official speeches
 Announcements
 Professional emails
Rules of the Formal Language Register:

1.Do not use contractions. Contractions are not usually used

in formal writing, even though they are very common in
spoken English. In formal writing, you should spell out
contractions.
Example:
 Cannot instead of can’t
 Have not instead of haven’t
 Will not instead of won’t
2. Spell out numbers less than one hundred.
Examples:
nineteen twenty-two seventy-eight six

3. Write in third person point of view.

I You We Us
Examples:
Informal: You can purchase a car for under PhP10,000.
Formal: One can purchase a car for under PhP10,000.
4. Avoid using slang, idioms, exaggeration
(hyperboles) and cliches

5. Avoid abbreviations and acronyms

6.Always write in complete sentences

2. Informal Language Register. Informal writing is written
in a way we talk to our friends and family. We use this when
writing to someone ww know very well.

3. Neutral Language Register. We use neutral register with

non-emotional topic and information. This uses to deliver
facts.