PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

REVIEWER

Erich Althea E. Domdom

BSEE - 1C

ARISTOTLE’S MODEL
(Earliest Mass Com)

S-peaker
S-peech
O-ccasion
A-udience
E-ffect

LASS WELL’S MODEL

(Harold Lasswell)

C-ommunicator
M-essage
M-edium
R-eceiver
E-ffect

SHANNON & WAEVER MODEL

(Claude Elwood Shannon & Warren Weaver)

T-Ender Internal
E-ncoder -sender/receiver
C-hannel Noise
D-ecoder External
R-eceiver -environment
F-eedback

BERLO’S MODEL

S-ource
M-essage
C-hannel
R-eceiver

FACTOR AFFECTING COMMUNICATION

 Encoding
 Medium of Transmission
 Decoding
 Feedback

I. COMMUNICATION IS INTERGRATED IN ALL PARTS OF OUR LIVES

 Academic
 Professional
 Personal
 Civic

II. COMMUNICATION MEETS NEEDS

 Physical Needs
 Instrumental Needs
 Relational Needs
 Identity Needs

III. COMMUNICATION IS SUIDED BY:

 Culture - range of human learned behavior patters (knowledge, law, moral)
 Context - better group of what certain messages may mean (this influence how
we deliver % how one can understand a message)

IV. COMMUNICATION IS LEARNED

V. COMMUNICATION HAS ETHICAL IMPLICATION

FACTORS AFFECTING:

 Source

 Communication skills
 Attitudes
 Knowledge
 Social system
 Culture

 Message

 Content (message)
 Element (language/gestures)
 Treatment
 Structure (arrangement)
 Code

COMMUNICATION PROCES

Sender Encoder Channel Decoder Receiver

 Noise

Feedback

 ISSUES
Content - the information & experiences that are provided to
the receiver.
Process - the way the message is delivered.
Context - the situation or environment in which your
message is delivered.
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
 CLARITY
 ATTENTION
 FEEDBACK
 INFORMALITY
 CONSISTENCY
 TIMELINESS
 ADEQUACY

COMMUNICATION > GLOBALIZATION

Effective Communication - being able to send clear and concise message.

7 C’s of Communication
 Clear (easy to understand)
 Concise (brief)
 Concrete (has clear picture)
 Correct (error free comm.)
 Coherent (logical, relevant, & consistent)
 Complete (everything need to be informed)
 Courteous (friendly, open, & honest)

IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION
 Foundation of relationship
 Express our emotions, feelings. & ideas

GLOBALIZATION
 Being able to communicate around the globe

GLOBAL COMMUNICATION
 Everybody is connected to everybody

IMPACTS:
 Increased connectivity
 Cultural exchange
 Economic growth
  Knowledge sharing
 Social movements
 Challenges
 Econmic impact
 Cultural impact
 Political impact
 Technological impact
 Social impact

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
 Process of exchanging information and ideas between people from different
cultural bachground

HIGH CONTEXT COMMUNICATION - use of indirect communication and rely on

gestures, facial expression, and tone of voice.
Ex: slight nod, saying something vague
LOW CONTEXT COMMUNICATION - more direct and focuses on the spoken or
writing words. They value clarity and precise in communication.
Ex: letters

INTERACIAL - interaction between people with diff. Social background.

INTERETHNIC - interaction between people with diff. ethnic background.

INTERNATIONAL - anything that involves multiple countries or nations.

INTRAETHNIC - interaction within the same ethnic group, connection, and shared
characteristics among people with the same ethnicity.

MISINTERPRETATION OF MESSSAGE
1. Opening and closing conversation
2. Taking turns during conversation
3. Interpreting
4. Using silence
5. Using appropriate topics of conversation
6. Using humor
7. Knowing how much to say
8. When to say things is as important as, what one says and how one says things

CULTURAL SESITIVTY & BIAS-FREE LANGUAGE

 Being mindful of cultural differences and similarities
 Abilities that enables you to comprehend and learn about people with diff.
Cultural background
 Being able to recognize the parallels and contrast between cultures and
people
CULTURAL SENSITIVITY STAGES
 Denial - they believe their culture is the “only” real one
 Defense - recognize differences but see it as negative because they assume
that their culture is the best
 Minimization - the see their own values as superior
 Acceptance - able to shift perspectives to understand
 Adaptive - become more competent. They feel that they can respect their
own cultures while adapting to the values of other culture
 Integration - they develop emphathy for other cultures

BIAS-FREE LANGUAGE
 Sensitive to people’s sex, age, physical condition
 Does not discriminate and include all in a fair and friendly manner

RACE - concept of dividing people into groups on the basis of various sets of
physical characteristics
ETHNICITY - group made up of people who share a common cultural background
ETHNOCENTRISM - lack of sensitivity to other cultures/ your culture is superior

RACE
 Narrow
 Based on similar physical and biological attributes

ETHNICITY
 Broad
 Based on cultural expression and place of origin

GENDER AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION - Using bias-free language in terms of

gender

SEXISM - prejudice/discrimination on sex or gender

GENDER - avoid using pronouns when the gender of the person is not learn
BIASED
UNBIASED

SOCIAL CLASS
Class discrimination
More sensitive vocabulary
Owning class < upper class
Underclass < less privileged
Squatters < informal settlers
AGE (ageism)
Disabilities
 Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar
and vocabulary. It is the primary means by which humans convey meaning, both in
spoken and written forms, and may also be conveyed through sign language.

Spoken and Written Language

• Spoken language mostly takes place in the form of a dialogue with another
speaker. Written language, on the other hand, is generally more structured,
formal, impersonal, and wordy. What's more, it typically forms a monologue
rather than a dialogue.
• Written language is considered more formal and should follow the rules of
the English language. Spoken language is generally less formal, and the rules
are less important.

Varieties of Spoken and Written Language:

1. Pidgin communication that develops between two or more groups that do not
have a language in common.
2. Creole a language that has evolved from a pidgin but serves as the native
language of a speech community.

3. Regional Dialect not a distinct language, but a variety of a language spoken in

a particular area of a country.

Ex: tagalog, cebuano, waray

4. Minority Dialect A language that is spoken by a small group of people in the

country.
5. Indigenized Variety second languages in ex-colonies with multilingual
populations.

Register in Language

 A register is defined as the way a speaker used language differently in

different circumstances.
 It is determined by factors like social occasion, context, purpose, and
audience.
 It determines the vocabulary, structure, and some grammar in one’s
writing and even in oral discourse.

Registers of Spoken and Written Language:

1. Frozen is language that is always the same. This register rarely or never changes.
2. Formal is used in professional, academic, or legal settings where communication is
expected to be respectful, uninterrupted, and restrained. Slangs are never used, and
contractions are rare.
3. Consultative is used when speaking with someone who has specialized knowledge or
who is offering advice. It is formal and societal expectations accompany the users of
this speech. It is professional discourse.
4. Casual is used among friends and peers, and includes informal language including
slang and colloquialisms. Casual register is often used among some colleagues,
friends, and teammates.
5. Intimate describes speech that is about personal topics used between close
acquaintances, such as family members, close friends, or romantic partners, and can
employ standard or nonstandard grammatical forms.

Classifications of Language Registers:

1. FORMAL REGISTER

 is more appropriate for professional writings and letters to a boss or a

stranger
 is impersonal, meaning, it is not written with personal emotion
 used in formal settings and is one-way in nature. This use of language
usually follows a commonly accepted format.

2. INFORMAL REGISTER

 is conversational and appropriate when writing to friends and people

you know very well.

3. NEUTRAL REGISTER

 is not necessarily formal or informal

 is used to deliver facts

LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE - refers to all visible semiotic sign in public space

SPACE ANDMEANING - the presence of the signs alters the space where they are
found. The meaning the sign conveys also depnds on where it is placed.

GEO
SEMIOTICS
- term created by Ron Scollon and Suzi Scollon to describe their approach to
studying ‘discources in place’

KINDS Of SIGNS

REGULATORY DISCOURSES - traffic signs or other sign indicating official/legal

prohibition

INFASTRUCTURAL DISCOURSES - to label things for the public

COMMERCIAL DISCOURSES - advertising and related to signage

TRANSGRESSIVE DISCOURSES - any sign in a wrong space

COMMUNICATION STRATEGY

 Blueprint or plan of effective communication. It maps th ‘how’ to conveying

a message.
 Designed to help people communicate effectively.

KINDS OF COMMUNICATION STRATEGY

I. Verbal Communication Strategy

 Written Communication
 Oral Communication

II. Non-Verbal Communication Strategy

III. Visual Communication Strategy

COMMUNICATION AIDS

 Anything that helps or aids an individual communicate more effectively and

efficiently.

KIND OF COMMUNICATION AIDS

 Flipchart
  Handouts
 Models
 Visual Aids
 Digital Slides
 Real-Time web access
 Overhead transparencies
 Video
 Sounds

TIPS & STRATEGIE

 Keep it simple
 Emphasize key ideas
 Show what you can’t say
 Use closeup shots & other images
 Keep the number of image you present manageable
 Combine variety with coherence
 Use large lettering

TIPS IN PRESENTING

 Practice
 Consider the room
 Speak to the audience

MAKING USE OF COLORS - when making presentations, it can be helpful to have

some understanding on how we can use colors to help you have a better presentation.