Electrical Apparatus and Devices

WYE-DELTA
CONNECTION OF A THREE PHASE
TRANSFORMER
Learning Objectives

01 To be able to determine the different parameters

in the circuit such as current and voltage.

02 To determine the differences of wye-delta

connection to other connection.

03 To observe the factors of this connection and its

effects in its load.
 Wye-Delta Connection
of a Three-Phase Transformer

Delta-star connected transformers. Delta-star

connected transformers are widely used in low
power distribution with the primary windings
providing a three-wire balanced load to the
utility company while the secondary windings
provide the required 4th-wire neutral or earth
connection.

The wye-delta connection affords the

advantage of the wye-wye connection
without the resulting disadvantage of
unbalanced voltages and third harmonics
in the line-to-neutral voltages when
operating without the neutral wire.
Wye-Delta
Transformer connection

• star connection in HV side is formed by connecting

all the 1 suffixed terminals together as common
point and transformer primary leads are taken out
from 2 suffixed terminals of primary windings.

• The delta connection in LV side is formed by

connecting 1 suffixed terminals of each phase LV
winding with 2 suffixed terminal of next phase LV
winding. More clearly, a1 is connected to b2, b1 is
connected to c2 and c1 is connected to a2.

• The secondary (here it considered as LV) leads are

taken out from 2 suffixed ends of the secondary
windings of transformer.
Wye-Delta
Transformer connection

• In this, the primary winding of the transformer is

connected in star and secondary in delta connection.

• The neutral point on the primary or high voltage side

can be grounded which is desirable in most of the cases.

• The line voltage ratio between secondary and primary is

1/√3 times the transformation ratio of each transformer.

• There exists 30 degrees phase difference between

primary and secondary line voltages.

• Since the actual primary coil voltage is 58% of the

primary line voltage, the insulation requirements for HV
windings is reduced by using this winding.
In this variety of electrical device affiliation, then primary is connected in star fashion
whereas the secondary is connected in delta fashion as shown above.
 The primary line voltage is √3
times the primary phase voltage. The
secondary line voltage is equal to the
secondary phase voltage. The voltage ratio
of each phase is

Therefore line-to-line voltage ratio of Y-∆ connection is

 Phasor diagram for wye-delta arrangement for ideal transformers supplying balanced noninductive load,
(a) Primary wye-connected; (b) secondary delta-connected.

The figure above shows the phasor diagram for a wye-delta transformation.
From this diagram it is evident that there is a large phase angle between the line-to-
line voltages on the wye side and the corresponding line-to-line voltages on the delta
side. This angle is 30° with the phases as designated in Figure aboce. Angles of 90°
and 150° are possible, depending on how the phases on the two sides are designated.
 Transformer WYE-DELTA Connection
Three-phase Voltage and Current Characteristics

Connection Phase Voltage Line Voltage Phase Current Line Current

Star(Wye) 𝑉𝑝 = 𝑉𝐿 ÷ 3 𝑉𝐿 = 3 × 𝑉𝑝 𝐼𝑝 = 𝐼𝐿 𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝑃

Delta 𝑉𝑝 = 𝑉𝐿 𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝑝 𝐼𝑝 = 𝐼𝐿 ÷ 3 𝐼𝐿 = 3 × 𝐼𝑃

Where: VL = Line Voltage

VP = Phase Voltage
IL = Line Current
IP = Phase Current
 Transformer WYE-DELTA Connection
Three-phase Line Voltage and Current

Primary-Secondary Co Line Voltage Line Current

nfiguration Primary or Secondary Primary or Secondary

𝑛𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿
Wye-Delta 𝑉𝐿 = 𝐼𝐿 = 3 ×
3 𝑛

Where: n equals the transformers “turns ratio” (T.R.) of the number of secondary win
dings NS, divided by the number of primary windings NP. ( NS/NP ) and VL is the line-t
o-line voltage with VP being the phase-to-neutral voltage.
Advantages of Star Delta Connection
(wye-delta connection)
The primary facet is star connected. thence
01 fewer numbers of turns square measure
needed. This makes the association
economical for giant high voltage step down
power transformers.
02 The neutral on the market on the first will
be earthed to avoid distortion.
The neutral purpose permits each
03 form of hundreds (single-phase or 3
phases) to be met.
The Y-D association has no downside with
04 third harmonic parts thanks to current
currents in. it’s conjointly a lot of stable to
unbalanced hundreds since the D part
redistributes any imbalance that happens.
The Y-D association has no downside with
05 third harmonic parts thanks to current
currents in. it’s conjointly a lot of stable to
unbalanced hundreds since the D part
redistributes any imbalance that happens.
06 Large unbalanced hundreds will be
handled satisfactorily.
Disadvantages of Star-Delta Connection
(wye-delta connection)

In this form of affiliation, the secondary voltage isn’t in section with the first. therefore it’s
01 impracticable to work this affiliation in parallel with star-star or delta-delta connected the electrical
device.

One downside related to this affiliation is that the secondary voltage is shifted by three hundred with
02 relevance to the first voltage. this may cause issues once paralleling 3-phase transformers since
transformers secondary voltages should be in-phase to be paralleled. Therefore, we tend to should
concentrate on those shifts.

03 If secondary of this electrical device ought to be paralleled with secondary of another electrical device
while not section shift, there would be a haul.
Other possible connections for three phase transformers are:

Delta-Star Connection
On the primary side, the line and phase voltages are the same, while on the secondary side, the line voltage is equal to the pha
se voltage multiplied by √3. Thus, for a 1:1 turns ratio, the secondary line will provide an increased voltage by a factor of √3. De
lta-star transformers are used for step-up applications. Another application of this type is distribution systems. Since the secon
dary side has a neutral, it can also serve as a single-phase power supply aside from supplying the full three-phase.Like the star-
delta, by having different windings of the primary and secondary sides, the resulting electricity is out of phase.

Star-Star Connection
This type has both star windings on the primary and secondary sides. Line voltages on each side are √3 times the voltage of a si
ngle phase. The main advantage of a star-star connection is the access to the neutral terminal on both sides of the transformer
which can be grounded if desired. By connecting the star neutral to ground, distortion to the waveform is eliminated. Without
grounding, this configuration‘s operation is satisfactory only if the loads on all the three phases are balanced.
THANK YOU!!