Learning Episode 16:

FIELD STUDY 1 On Teacher’s

Philosophy of Education
SPARK Your Interest

One thing asked of teacher applicants in the Department of Education is to write

their philosophy of education. This means that they have to write their concept of the
nature of the learner, how that learner learns and how that learner ought to live in order
to live life meaningfully. Based on these philosophical concepts, the teacher applicants
describe how they ought to relate to the learner, what to teach and how to teach so that
the learner and lives life happily and meaningfully.

TARGET Your Intended Learning Outcome

At the end of the episode, I must be able to:

➢ Determine prevailing philosophies of education based on DepEd Vision and Mission

statements, core values and mandate, the K to 12 Curriculum Framework and
Guide and RA 10533;
➢ Cite teacher’s teaching behaviors and the philosophies of education on which these
behaviors are founded; and
➢ Articulate my philosophy of teaching.

REVISIT the Learning Essentials

We are beneficiaries of a rich philosophical heritage passed on to us by great

thinkers of the past and of the present. The way teachers relate to learners and the way
they teach are anchored on philosophies of education.
Basic documents such as the vision and mission statements, core values and
mandate of the Department of Education and the features of the K to 12 Curriculum as
contained in Section 3 of RA 10533 and the K to 12 Curriculum Guide are manifestations
or expressions of the philosophies of the education of the country. They state the
standards and the outcomes of the education towards which all curricular activities and
teaching-learning should be directed.

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Learning Episode 16: On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education
OBSERVE, ANALYZE, REFLECT
Activity 16.1 Analyzing DepEd’s Philosophy of Education

Resource Teacher: ___________________________ School: ____________

Year Level: _____________ Subject Area: _____________ Date: ________

OBSERVE
• Determine prevailing philosophies of education based on DepEd Vision and Mission
Statements, core values and mandate and on the K to 12 Curriculum Framework
and Guide.
• Study the DepEd Vision and Mission statements, Core values and Mandate.
• Read the features of the K to 12 Curriculum based on the K to 12 Curriculum
Framework and Guide and Sec 5 of RA 10533
• Accomplish the table below by answering this question: Which philosophies are
expressed?
• Cite relevant statements to back up an identified philosophy of education. You are
given an example.

Philosophies of Which philosophies are Which philosophies are

Education expressed in the DepEd expressed in the K to 12
Vision, Mission Curriculum Framework
Statements, Core Values, and Guide and Sec 5 of
Mandates? Give proof. RA 10533? Give proof.
1. Essentialism - teach Essentialism – the core values Essentialism- list of standards
mastery of the of Maka-Diyos, maka-tao, and competencies that
basics; curriculum is maka-kalikasan and maka- learners are expected to
prescribed; subject bansa show that DepEd is attain is the subject matter
matter- centered essentialist. DepEd believes that students are expected to
there are universal, in unchanging values that learn. - Essentialist
objective values; need to be inculcated.
inculcate values in
subject matter
2. Perrenialism- teach Any proof of perennialism?
those that last, the
classics; there are
universal values;
inculcate these
universal, objective
values.

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Learning Episode 16: On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education
3. Progressivism-very Any proof of progressivism?
child-centered;
teach those that
interest the child;
one learns by
experience;
learners learn by
doing so teacher
teacher’s teaching
is experiential;
values are
subjective; no
inculcation of values
since they are
subjective; instead
teachers help
students clarify
their values
4. Reconstructionism – Any proof of
school is agent of reconstructionism?
change; schooling is
preparing students
for the social
changes; teaching
is involving the
students in
discussion of moral
dilemmas
5. Existentialism- Any proof of existentialism?
teachers teaches
learners to make a
choice, to make
decisions and are
not merely to follow
the crowd; one who
does not make a
choice and so
simply follow others
do not live
meaningful life.
6. Pragmatism- That Any proof of pragmatism?
which is useful, that
which is practical
and that which
works is what is
good; that which is
efficient and

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Learning Episode 16: On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education
 effective is that
which is good. e.g.
showing a video clip
on mitosis is more
efficient and more
effective and
therefore more
practical than
teacher coming up
with a visual aid by
drawing mitosis on
a cartolina or
illustration board.
7. Rationalism- Any proof of rationalism?
emphasizes the
development of the
learner’s reasoning
powers; knowledge
comes through
reason; teacher
must develop the
reasoning power of
the learner
8. Utilitarianism- what Any proof of Utilitarianism?
is good is that which
is most useful (that
which brings
happiness) to the
greatest number of
peoples;
9. Empiricism- source Any proof empiricism?
of knowledge is
through the senses;
teacher must
involve the senses
in teaching-
learning.
10. Behaviorism- Any proof of behaviorism?
behavior is shaped
deliberately by
forces in the
environment and
that the type of
person and actions
desired can be the
product of design;
behavior is
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Learning Episode 16: On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education
 determined by
others, rather than
by person’s own
free will; teacher
must carefully
shape desirable
behavior; drills are
commonly used to
enhance learning.
Rewards reinforce
learning.
11. Constructivism- Any proof of constructivism?
learners are capable
of constructing
knowledge and
meaning; teaching-
learning therefore is
constructing
knowledge and
meaning; teacher
does not just “tell”
or dictate but ask
learners for
knowledge they
construct and
meaning of lesson.
12. Other
Philosophies

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Learning Episode 16: On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education
Activity 16.2 Articulating My Personal Philosophy of Teaching

Resource Teacher: ___________________________ School: ____________

Year Level: _____________ Subject Area: _____________ Date: ________

OBSERVE

• Observe how a teacher relates to every learner and how he/she proceeds with
their teaching.
• Accomplish this Observation Sheet.

Philosophies of Education Teaching Behavior (State what the

teacher said, taught or did).
1. Essentialism – teach mastery of In what way was teacher essentialist?
the basics; curriculum is
prescribed; subject matter- e.g. He/she see to it that the students
centered there are universal, mastered basic concepts and skills
objective values; inculcate values;
subject He/she inculcated values.

2. Perennialism – teach those that

last, the classics; there are
universal values; inculcate these
universal, objective values

3. Progressivism- very child-

centered; teach those that interest
the child; one learns by
experience; learners learn by
doing so teacher teacher’s
teaching is experiential; values are
subjective; no inculcation of values
since they are subjective; instead,
teachers help students clarify their
values.

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Learning Episode 16: On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education
 4. Reconstructionism – school is
agent of change; schooling is
preparing students for the social
changes; teaching is involving the
students in discussions of moral
dilemmas.

5. Existentialism – teachers teach

learners to make a choice, to make
decisions and not merely to follow
the crowd; one who does not make
a choice and so simply follow
others do not live meaningful life.

6. Pragmatism – That which is useful,

that which is practical and that
which works is what is good; e.g.
showing a video clip on mitosis is
more efficient and more effective
and therefore more practical than
teacher coming up with a visual aid
by drawing mitosis on a cartolina
or illustration board.
7. Rationalism – emphasizes the
development of the learners’
reasoning powers; knowledge
comes through reason, teacher
must develop the reasoning power
of the learner

8. Utilitarianism – what is good is that

which is most useful (that which
brings happiness) to the greatest
number of peoples;

9. Empiricism – source of knowledge

is through the senses; teacher
must involve the senses in
teaching-learning

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Learning Episode 16: On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education
 10. Behaviorism – behavior is
shaped deliberately by forces in
the environment and that the type
of actions and desired can be the
product of the design; behavior is
determined by others, rather than
by person’s own free will; teacher
must carefully shape desirable
behavior; drills are commonly used
to enhance learning, rewards
reinforce learning.

11. Constructivism – Learners are

capable of constructing knowledge
and meaning; teaching-learning
therefore is constructing
knowledge and meaning; teacher
does not just tell “tell” or dictate
but asks learners for knowledge
they construct and meaning of
lesson
12. Other Philosophies

ANALYZE
1. Based on your findings and observations in Activity 16.1 and Activity 16.2, which
philosophies of education are dominant in Philippine basic schools? Why do you say
so?
_________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________.
2. If there is one philosophy that schools and teachers should give more attention to,
what should that be and why?
_________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.

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Learning Episode 16: On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education
REFLECT

What is your philosophy of teaching? This describes what you believed you should
teach, how you should teach and how you should relate to others in school – with the
learners, your colleagues, your superiors and all other stakeholders. Write them down.
This is your title, “My Philosophy of Teaching.”

My Philosophy of Teaching

These may be of help:

I believe that the learner ………………………… (concept of the learner)

I believe that I should teach the learners……. (what)

By ………. (how)

I believe that I …. (how should you relate to learners, colleagues, superior, parents
and other stakeholders)

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Learning Episode 16: On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education
SHOW Your Learning Artifacts

Accomplished Observation Sheets

My Philosophy of Teaching

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Learning Episode 16: On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education
LINK Theory of Practice
1. In its vision and mission statements, DepEd wants to develop learners … “what values
and competencies enable them to realize their full potential … “On which philosophy
of education is this mission statement anchored?

A. Existentialism C. Essentialism
B. Empiricism D. Pragmatism

2. Based on the DepEd’s mission statement, “quality basic education means that
students learn in a child-friendly. Gender-sensitive, safe, and motivating
environment”. This implies that DepEd believes that environment affects learning.
Which philosophy of education is this?

A. Utilitarianism C. Essentialism
B. Empiricism D. Behaviorism

3. Field Study 1 which is primarily observation of classes and teachers, is based on which
philosophy of education?

A. Utilitarianism C. Essentialism
B. Empiricism D. Behaviorism

4. The inclusion of logic and critical thinking as subjects in the curriculum is an offshoot
of which philosophy?

A. Rationalism C. Existentialism
B. Utilitarianism D. Progressivism

5. It’s Valentines’ Day. The lesson is a part of human Digestive system- the stomach.
Students bargain with teacher and so ask if they can discuss the heart in the place of
the stomach. Teacher responds “Let’s talk about the stomach which is the lesson for
today then go to the heart when we are done with stomach. Based on philosophies
of education, which is TRUE of teacher?

A. Is essentialist in the sense that she sticked to the subject matter for the day
and the progressivist since she also considered student’s interest.
B. Is pragmatic because it was practical to give way to student’s request even
if she prepared for the day’s lesson.
C. Is utilitarianist because she considered both lessons useful.
D. Is empiricist, she used visual aids for her lesson.

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Learning Episode 16: On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education
6. What do the DepEd vision and mission statements and core values imply about
Philippine educational system?

I. It is highly essentialist and perennialist

II. It believes in universal, objective, unchanging values
III. It is reconstructionist

A. I only C. II and III

B. I and III D. I, II and III

7. For a lesson on developing classifying skills, instead of making students bring objects
to classify, teacher considers it most practical to simply use the students’ body parts
like kinds of ear lobes, kinds of hair line or a lesson on classifying. On which philosophy
is teacher’s practice anchored?

A. Pragmatism C. Utilitarianism
B. Progressivism D. Empiricism

8. The history of curriculum development in the Philippines shows reduction of units in

the humanities but an increase in the natural and physical sciences. On which thought
is this action based?

A. Perennials C. Utilitarianism
B. Progressivism D. Empiricism

9. There are number of laws in the Philippines requiring the teaching of subject matter
such as taxation and agrarian reform, etc. This proves that schools must bring about
reform in the society. On which philosophy of education is this based?

A. Perennialism C. Empiricism
B. Progressivism D. Reconstructionism

10. Teachers make use of moral dilemmas to enable students to make a stand in moral
issues. Which word CORRECTLY applies to teacher’s teaching practice?

A. Behaviorist C. Rationalist
B. Existentialist D. Pragmatist

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Learning Episode 16: On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education
EVALUATE Performance Task
Evaluate your work TASK Field Study 1, Learning Episode 16 – On Teacher’s Philosophy of
Education

Learning Outcomes: Determine prevailing philosophies of education based on DepEd Vision and
Mission statements, core values and mandate, the K to 12 Curriculum Framework and Guide and RA 10533;
- Cite teacher’s teaching behaviors and the philosophies of education on which these behaviors are founded;
and - Articulate my philosophy of teaching.

Name of FS Student: ________________________________ Date Submitted: _______________

Year & Section: _____________________________________ Course: _______________________

Learning Excellent Very Satisfactory Satisfactory Needs Improvement

Episode 4 3 2 1

Accomplished All observation One (1) to two (2) Three (3) observation Four (4) observation
Observation questions/tasks observation questions/tasks not questions/tasks not
Sheet completely questions/tasks not answered/accomplished. answered/accomplished.
answered/accomplished. answered/accomplished.
Analysis All questions were All questions were Questions were not Four or more
answered completely; answered completely; answered completely; observations were not
answers are with depth answers are clearly answers are not clearly answered; answers not
and are thoroughly connected to theories; connected to the connected to theories;
grounded on theories; grammar and spelling are theories; one (1) to three more than (4)
grammar and spelling free from errors. (3) grammatical/ spelling grammatical /spelling
are free from errors. errors. errors
Reflection
Profound and clear; Clear but lacks depth; Not so clear and shallow; Unclear and shallow;
supported by what were supported by what were somewhat supported by rarely supported by what
observed and analyzed. observed what were observed and were observed and
analyzed analyzed

Learning Portfolio is reflected on Portfolio is reflected on in Portfolio is not reflected Portfolio is not reflected
Artifacts in the text of the the text of the learning on in the text of the on in the context of the
learning outcomes; outcomes; Complete, well learning outcomes; learning outcomes; not
Complete, well organized, highly relevant Complete, well organized, complete; not organized,
organized, highly to the learning outcome highly relevant to the not relevant
relevant to the learning learning outcome
outcome
Submission Submitted before the Submitted on the Submitted after the Submitted two (2) days
deadline deadline deadline or more after the
deadline
COMMENT/S Overall Score Rating:
(Based
Transmutation)

Transmutation of Score to Grade/Rating

Score 20 19-18 17 16 15 14 13-12 11 10 9-8 7-below
Grade 1.0 1.25 1.5 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.5 5.00
99 96 93 90 87 84 81 78 75 72 71-below

BERNARD S. PANTONILLA, Ph.D. _________________

Signature of FS Teacher above Printed Name Date

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Learning Episode 16: On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education