A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE USE OF WASTE & NEW METAL AND

ITS EFFICIENCY

_________________________
A Qualitative Research
Presented to the Senior High School Faculty of
Lupon Vocational High School
Lupon, Davao Oriental

_________________________
In Partial Fulfillment of
The Requirements for the
Subject: Practical Research 2
_________________________
CARL ANTHONY MOLINA
DARYL LUCERO
EDLYN MABUTI
EUGANE TUAZON
JHOBELL BASISTER
KIM JOSHUA PALCONIT
RONNEL DUOT
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

The problem of the durability of grill is the rust. Rust is naturally

occurring phenomenon when certain metals are exposed to oxygen and water

for a length of time. Other forms of rust exist like the result of reaction

between iron and chloride in an environment deprived of oxygen. On the other

hand durability is important because durability is the ability of a physical

product to remain functional (Helmenstine, 2019).

Almost all types of waste metal can and should be recycled. The

process serves to reduce not only landfill waste, but also manufacturing costs

and the labor and energy required to extract additional raw materials.

Fortunately, this recycling can even be done without compromising the

strength and integrity of the reclaimed product. To see how lets run through

example with steel. The most widely used and versatile with application from

the recycle metal creation of common household items (Fritch, 2014).

According to Mr. Carl Rey Salumag who the adviser of Shielded

Metal Arc Welding specialization in Lupon Vocational High School, waste

scrap metal is one of the most problem of the school campus waste or scrap

consists of recyclable material left over from production and consumption

recycling scrap metal can be quite beneficial to the environment using

recycled waste scrap metal can yield to reduction in water pollution, air

pollution, and also savings in raw materials used.

In this study there is no insist research that waste metal can be

a grill. By this, there is urgency of the study that waste metal, of scrap metal

can be useful in terms of creating new product. By the reason also, that many

people do not know that metal can recycle as well, and can be creative in a

form of grill.

Research Objectives:

The purpose of this study are the following

 To determine the effectivity of waste metal and new metal on the

durability of grill.

 To determine the significant difference between waste and new metal

and its efficiency.

Null hypothesis:

Ho,: There is no significant difference between waste metal and new

metal in terms of durability of the grill.

Review of Related Literature

The following information below is supporting the said problem

to find out the durability, effectivity and also the quality of grills. This

information may give additional support to make this research move

acceptable and reliable.

Advantages and disadvantages of a grills using waste metal

The advantage of waste metal compared to producing metals

from metal arc its more economic it can be less energy and less damage to

the environment fever quarries and also itself valuable raw materials of metals

over will as longer. The waste metals it can be remodel it and make new

constructed product that sustain the durability of metal in certain of time,

(BBC, 2019).

In addition, recycling help to limit the amount of metals that be

produced and helps a shop more clean and organized scrap metal makes

good for economic it`s cycled it more times because it`s being used. And

recycling metal uses less energy, reduces carbon emissions, and uses less

water compared with using raw materials. Process of recycling metals usually

creates less pollutants and greenhouse gases than extracting that metal from

its ore (Tara, 2014).

On the other hand, waste metal from the recycle process itself.

The collection and transport of used item need organization workers vehicles

and fuel. It can be difficult to sort different materials from one another.

Recycling metal it require more energy and expensive because the collection

and sorting of domestic materials to be recycled can be expensive and time

consuming to everyone (Tara, 2014)

In addition, metals need to be manually separated from other

recycled materials. Metals especially aluminum lead to disgrace after each

reuse cycle. The product recycled never reach a point where no longer
recyclable anymore. Recycling metals still need energy, but 95 percent less

than new production (Rusell Huebseh, 2017).

The factors of recycled grill

Recycling scrap metal saves money by reducing the cost of

production during manufacturing. Building products by using existing metals

brought to recycling centers offers a lot of savings benefits, including

eliminating the need to mine or manufacture new raw materials. Lower

manufacturing costs help keep prices lower which is an enormous benefit to

companies that buy office equipment in bulk, (GLE, 2019)

Recycling steel and tin cans saves 60 to 74 percent , about one-

third of the energy compared to making those products from virgin materials.

Recycling aluminum saves 95 of the energy needed to make new product

from raw materials. Recycling helps reduce litter, which has been known to

spread disease like bacterial of fungal infection ( Howard, 2018).

The quality of using scrap metal, also known as secondary raw

materials means less use of precious natural resources which would be

recycled into high quality new metal. The process varies for different metals

but generally recycling produces metals of equivalent quality (BMRA, 2019).

Similarly, some metals are ideal for recycling because they can

be melted down and reformed repeatedly without losing any strength.

Recycling steel does not compromise the quality or strength of metal. Even
precious metals can be recycled and make it a new product with no

degradation (Federal, 2016)

In addition many metals used in consumer products today can

be recycled to create new products. A metal is considered desirable for

recycling when it can be melted and reformed without losing considerable

strength and durability. Some of the most commonly-recycled metals today

are steel, aluminum, and nickel to the other hand this material is very common

compound to makes a metal strong and remain its durability in certain time

(Tucson, 1986).

After all, one of the golden rules of eating healthy at restaurants is

to choose "grilled" foods over "fried" choices. That's because grilled food

is generally a healthier choice -- there's no batter coating or dripping grease.

Besides, there's something about the act of grilling that just makes food look and

taste fantastic. Is it the smoky flavor, the fun flavors of marinades, the grill lines

that form on the food, or the fresh taste that comes from cooking something over

high heat for a short amount of time, (Magee, 2005)

Theoretical Framework

Recycling scrap metal makes good economic and environment

sense. The phrase,” circular economy,” advised that all things manufactured

should be made in such a way that they can be later dismantled and
recreated into a final end product once the original product has lost its

usability to the consumer. Scrap metal is one of those foundation materials

that can be refashioned into many new uses (Dawis, 2013).

In addition, metals can be recycled repeatedly without altering

their properties. Scrap metal has value, which motivate people to collect it for

sale to recycling operations or making it as a new product. According to the

American iron and Steel Institute (AISI), steel is the most recycled material on

the planet. The other highly recycled metals include aluminum, copper, silver,

brass, and gold (Rick Leblanc,2019).

Conceptual Framework:

In this section, it presents and the conceptual framework of the

study. The figure below summarized the whole concept of the Review Related

Literature regarding on the types and the factors of Grills. That’s gives more

understanding and analysis to the researchers about the well said topic. In

this figure present the flow of the effectivity of waste metal the durability of the

grill study.
 IV

waste/scrap metal

DV

- Efficiency in Grilling

 Durability

 Effectivity

New Metal  Food Quality

Figure1: Conceptual Framework

Significance of the Study:

This study was deliberated done for the welder student. To have

a total awareness for none waste metals. This might help them to motivate

themselves for recycling waste metal or any waste steel materials.

To the welders, who deals with metals and work through

welding, the researcher recommends to give value those excessive metal into

creating new things. Instead of going to throw the waste metal in the garbage

at work these materials has the high level of quality for any purposes. Aside

from it both skills and creativity they will develop as a welders/professional

welders based on the result of the study.

To the students, this study will help them not only to improve

and to develop their skills but also their creativity. This is also gave them the
idea that the waste metal can be recycled. Also, they learned to give

importance to the environment.

To the parents, they should help their children especially those

parents of welder students in terms of creating something new as their child

dealing with metal as a young age. Also, this study would be a big help if they

have metal in their houses or anywhere it may lead them to worriless of junk

metal. For it is useful and beneficial such metal art that can be use as unique

decoration to their houses or everywhere.

To the teacher, they would help and encouraged their students

to recycled those scrap metal being junked. Encourage them to create new

things out of these materials. Lastly, encourage them not only to improve their

skills but as well as their creativity.

To the future researcher, this research will serve as guide and

basic for their research. They can also grasp knowledge and information in

this study. For this paper provide data and information that they will need in

the future.

Definition of Terms

The words below are very important to this research too give

analysis and importance to the following information.

Waste metal – metal and tin waste includes scrap metal broken metal

cupboards leads pots, equipment from which environmentally harmful

substance such as asbestos and mercury have been removed (thermos

meter, monometers), oil cooling motors, etc.

Grill – A metal framework used for cook food by applying heat from below.
 Chapter 2

Methods

This chapters represent the discussion of the research design,

research instruments, research locale, population and sample, data collection

and statistical tool will used in the analysis and interpretation.

Research Design

This study is a quantitative research it is a structural way

of collecting and analyzing data obtained from different sources.Quantitative

involves the use of computational statistical and mathematical tools to derive

results on its purpose and tries to justify the problem and understand how

prevelant it is by looking for projectable results to a larger population (SIS

International Research,2018).

In this study, researchers used causal comparative methods.

The comparative study utilizing a survey the statistical, Mathematical or

Numerical analysis of data collected through questionnaires and survey. The

respondent will focus to determine the durability and effectivity of grills using a

scrap and new metal in the Grade 12 Students of Lupon Vocational High

School.
Scope and limitations

The respondents of this research are the welder students from

Lupon Vocational High School who has TVL track and focus only to SMAW

specialization. There will be 30 respondents chosen. Lupon Vocational High

School was located in Barangay Poblacion, Municipality of Lupon, Province of

Davao Oriental. The study will conduct on the first semester of the school year

2019-2020.

Figure 2: Represent The Map of Lupon Vocational High School and its

Highlighting.
Population and sample

The respondents of this study are the grade 12 SMAW student,

from students from LVHS in two separated group. The first group will use

scrap metal to make grills (n=15) and the second group will use new metal to

make grill (n=15) who will evaluate the effectiveness and durability of the grills

when using scrap metal and new metal, the total of 30 respondents. Table 1

shows the total respondents at Grade 12 SMAW students in LVHS.

Table 1: The respondents of the study

Group of students Research of the Total no. of sample

subject students
Group 1 Will use scrap metal to 10

make grills
Group 2 Will use new metal to 15

make grills
Total 20

Research Instrument

This study will utilize the evaluation method. The respondents of

our study will evaluate the value of the effectiveness of the recycled grill. And

also, the researchers will provide the questionnaires for the respondents.

According to Richard J. (2017), a questionnaire is a research instrument

consisting of a series of questions for the purpose of gathering information

from respondents.
 It is the generally questions in which the respondents to provide

the answer. The respondents will be the providers of the answer of the

questionnaires to determine the effectiveness, durability, quality of innovation

which is the recycled grill.

The parameter limit below will be utilized to interpret the level of mean score.

Parameter limit Descriptive Interpretation

Very high This means that the

4.20 – 5.00 effectiveness of

recycled grill is very

excellent.
High This means that the
3.40 – 4.19
effectiveness of

recycled grill is very

good.
Moderate This means that the
2.60 – 3.39
effectiveness of the

recycled grill is good.

Low This means that the
1.80 – 2.59
effectiveness of

recycled grill is fair.

Very low This means that the
1.00 – 1.79
recycled grill is poor.

Data Collection
 In order to gather and collect the data needed for the study, the

following procedure below are the process that the researchers will undertake.

The researchers will ask a permission and approval to conduct

the study from Mr. Carl Rey Salumag who the advisory of grade 12 SMAW

students through a letter of request to conduct the study.

Evaluating and answering the provide questionnaires. The two

groups of respondents will evaluate the effectiveness of using a recycled grill.

After they evaluate, they will be given allotted time to answer the questions

found in the provided questionnaires and after researchers will check their

answer.

Gathering, checking, computing, and tabulating the

questionnaires the researcher of this study will be going to checking,

computing and tabulating the answers of any respondents to become the data

collections where the study basing the answers of the respondents.

Statistical Tools

The data will be interpreted through the following procedures

and processes. These statistical tools will be used to find the quantity of the

results and establish the relationship between variables.

Mean- the mean of all values to determine the average scores of the level of

effectiveness of two groups which are the first and second group, the mean

will be used in this study.

T-test- a t-test is an analysis of two population means through the use of

statistical examination. A t-test sample is used to a small sample sizes and

used especially in testing the hypothesis about means of normal distributions

when the standard deviations are unknown. In this study the researcher will

be using attest to analyze the significant difference in using and not using the

recycled grill.

SMAW: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE USEE OF WASTE/NEW

METAL AND ITS EFFICIENCY

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

DIRECTIONS: Kindly check ( /) and rate your honestly based on what you
actually do given statements using the following scales:
SA- Strongly Agree A- Agree N-Neutral D-Disagree SD- Strongly
Disagree

NAME:_______________________________ GRADE: ____________

DATE:________________

Dependent Variable: SA A N D SD
Durability
1. The materials used for the grill
affects the durability.
2. There is no damage when the
recycled grill is flapped down.
3. The recycled grill is durable enough.
4. There is no difference between the
recycled grill and new grill in terms
of durability.
Effectivity
1. Scrap metal is effective materials for
grill.
2. Using a recycled grill is effective for
saving money.
3. Using a grill is effective in terms of
diet.
4. There is no difference between
using a recycled grill and new grill in
terms of effectiveness.
Quality of Food
1. Using a recycled grill the freshness
of the food is preserved.
2. Using a recycled grill having a good
taste and natural flavor.
3. Using a recycled grill change the
food appearance.
 Chapter 3

RESULTS

In this chapter, it contains the detail, information, analysis,

interpretation and findings of the data gathered from the respondents as the

result.

Shown in Table 1 are the mean scores of every indicators in

Group 1 (Using recycled grill) with an overall mean of 4.54 describe as Very

High with a standard deviation of 0.45.

Table 1

Group1 (Recycled SD MEAN DESCRIPTIVE

gill) LEVEL
Durability 0.77 3.90 High
Effectivity 0.68 4.30 Very High
Quality of Food 0.50 4.47 Very High
Overall 0.56 4.22 Very High
Level of Scrap/waste Metal in Forming of grill of Group 1 (Using recycled

grill).

The cited overall mean was the result gathered from the

computed mean scores of 3.90 or High for durability, 4.30 or Very High for

Effectivity and 4.47 or Very High.

 The indicator durability, This value is based on the ratings of

3.30 or high for The materials used for the grill affects the durability, 4.2 or

very high for no damage when the recycled grill is flapped down, 4.20 or very

high for recycled grill is durable enough, 3.90 or high for there is no difference

between the recycled grill and new grill in terms of durability. Data mean that

the Group 1 (Using recycled grill) respondents considering the durability of

scrap/waste metal in forming a new product or creativity.

Next is Effectivity. This rating is derived based on the mean

scores as the effectiveness of grill with mean score of 4.30 or very high, 4.60

or very high for scrap metal is effective materials for grill, 4.6 or very high for

using a recycled grill is effective for saving money, 3.90 or high for using a

grill is effective in terms of diet, and 4.10 or high for there is no difference

between using a recycled grill and new grill in terms of effectiveness. Data

indicate the just-enough level of effectiveness of scrap/waste metal in forming

metal in terms of Effectiveness.

Finally Quality of Food, the mean value is obtained through the

mean scores of 4.47 or very high, 4.60 or very high for using a recycled grill

the freshness of the food is preserved, 4.4 or very high for using a recycled

grill having a good taste and natural flavor, 4.40 or very high for using a

recycled grill change the food appearance.

Shown in Table 2 are the mean scores of every indicators in

Group 2 (using a new grill) with an overall mean of 4.33 describe as Very

High with a standard deviation of 1.56.

Table 2
Level of Scrap/Waste Metal in Forming of Grill of Group 2 (new grill).

Group 2 (New Grill) SD MEAN DESCRIPTIVE

LEVEL
Durability 0.67 4.43 Very High
Effectivity 0.67 4.48 Very High
Quality of Food 1.16 4.10 High
Overall 0.95 4.33 Very High

The other Group which is the Group 2 (New Grill), cited the

overall mean as the result gathered from the computed mean scores of 4.43

or Very High for Durability, 4.48 or Very High for Effectivity and 4.10 or High.

The Group 2 respondents has the indicator of Durability with the

second highest level of mean. This value is obtained based on the responses

as follows: This value is based on the ratings of 4.70 or very high for the

materials used for the grill affects the durability, 4.6 or very high for no

damage when the recycled grill is flapped down, 4.20 or very high for recycled

grill is durable enough, 4.20 or very high for there is no difference between

the recycled grill and new grill in terms of durability. Data mean that the Group

1 (Using recycled grill) respondents considering the durability of scrap/waste

metal in forming a new product or creativity.

Next is Effectivity is the highest level of mean. This rating is

derived based on the mean scores as the effectiveness of grill with mean

score of 4.48 or very high, 4.60 or very high for scrap metal is effective

materials for grill, 4.6 or very high for using a recycled grill is effective for

saving money, 4.20 or very high for using a grill is effective in terms of diet,

and 4.50 or very high for there is no difference between using a recycled grill
and new grill in terms of effectiveness. Data indicate the just-enough level of

effectiveness of scrap/waste metal in forming metal in terms of Effectiveness.

Lastly the Quality of Food, the mean value is obtained through

the mean scores of 4.10 or very high, 4.90 or very high for using a recycled

grill the freshness of the food is preserved, 4.5 or very high for using a

recycled grill having a good taste and natural flavor, 2.90 or Moderate for

using a recycled grill change the food appearance.

Difference on the Level of Mean Score among the Two Groups

Decision Decision
T – value On On
Group Mean Ho Difference
@ α = 0.2
Score
Compute Tabular

Group 1
4.22

0.3479 ± 2.101 Accepted Not

Significant

4.33
Group 2

T- test was utilized to test the significant difference. The

computation revealed that the computed t-value of 0.316 is within the normal
distribution of the tabulated t-value of +/- 2.101 which means that the null

hypothesis is accepted. Thus, the null hypothesis,” There is no significant

difference of Waste/New Metal in Forming of Grill”, is accepted and not

significant at 0.02 level of significance.

 CHAPTER 4

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION

Presented in this chapter are the discussion, conclusion and

recommendation on comparative study on the use of waste/new metal and its

efficiency.

DISCUSSION

Durability are one of the indicators with the second highest level

from the one group and most of the respondents highly described the recycled

grills are durable enough. Also, creating new things from scrap/waste metal

such as grill is no difference in new metal in terms of the durability. This was

supported by Federal (2016) some metals are ideal for recycling because they

can be melted down and reformed repeatedly without losing any strength.

Recycling steel does not compromise the quality or strength of metal. Even

precious metals can be recycled and make it a new product with no

degradation.

The other indicator is effectivity which the highest level of mean

score evaluated from the two groups of respondents indicating that the

recycled grill is more effective in saving money. In the support of GLE (2019),

recycling scrap metal saves money by reducing the cost of production during
manufacturing. Building products by using existing metals brought to recycling

centers offers a lot of savings benefits, including eliminating the need to mine

or manufacture new raw materials. Lower manufacturing costs help keep

prices lower which is an enormous benefit to companies that buy office

equipment in bulk.

In terms of Quality of Food the respondent mark as second

highest level mean score in one group. Indicating that the recycled grill is

have a good taste and natural flavor just like in the new grill. These supported

by Magee, ( 2005) after all, one of the golden rules of eating healthy at

restaurants is to choose "grilled" foods over "fried" choices. That's

because grilled food is generally a healthier choice -there's no batter coating or

dripping grease. Besides, there's something about the act of grilling that just

makes food look and taste fantastic. Is it the smoky flavor, the fun flavors of

marinades, the grill lines that form on the food, or the fresh taste that comes from

cooking something over high heat for a short amount of time.

The correlation between two groups who compere the

waste/new metal of forming grill shows significant relationship between the

variables of the study. In particular, all of the indicators significantly affect the

Efficiency of Using Scrap/waste Metal in forming Grill. This implies that ’very

high level of Durability, Effectivity and Quality of Food influence Efficiency

towards the studies. This means that the variance of Group 1 can explain the

variance of Group 2. This shows that the very high level of the Group 1 in
terms of Efficiency of using scrap metal in forming Grill is attribute to high

level of Group 2 in terms of Efficiency of using scrap metal in forming Grill.

The finding of the study which is using scrap metal in forming of

new product .According to Dawis (2013), that scrap metal is one of those

foundation materials that can be refashioned into many new uses. Leblanc

(2019) metals can be recycled repeatedly without altering their properties.

Scrap metal has value, which motivate people to collect and make new

product. Furthermore, according to Tucson (1986) scrap metal in forming

metal art developed with the goal of artistic development among youth and

welders. And it was effective in terms of Creativity, Quality and Durability.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusions are

drawn:

First, the level of waste metal in forming grill that has been compere of

the first group which is the use the recycled grill is high in terms of durability,

very high for effectivity, very high for quality of food, and the overall level of

waste metal in forming grill of the first group is very high.

Next, the level of new metal in forming grill that has been evaluate of

the second group which is the new metal of grill is very high in terms of

durability, very high for effectivity, high for quality of food, and the overall level

of scrap metal in forming grill of the second group is very high.

 Lastly, data also indicate that there is no significant difference between

waste/new metal in terms of durability, effectivity and quality of food, also

among the two groups which use the recycled/new grill.

Recommendations

Based from the findings, analysis and conclusion drawn in this

study, here are the following recommendations.

To the welders, who deals with metals and work through welding, the

researcher recommends to give value those excessive metal into creating

new things. Instead of going to throw the waste metal in the garbage at work

these materials has the high level of quality for any purposes. Aside from it

both skills and creativity they will develop as a welders/professional welders

based on the result of the study.

To the teacher, they could encouraged their students to recycled

those scrap metal being junked. Encourage them more to create new things

out of these materials. Lastly, encourage them not only to improve their skills

but as well as their creativity.

To the students, the researcher also recommend to improve and

develop more their skills and creativity. That the scrap metal they encountered

and just neglected could turned into useful one like forming metal art. Also,

they should learned to give importance of recycling matters.

 To the parents, they should help their children especially those

parents of welder students in terms of creating something new as their child

dealing with metal as a young age. Also, this study would be a big help if they

have metal in their houses or anywhere it may lead them to worriless of junk

metal. For it is useful and beneficial such metal art that can be use as unique

decoration to their houses or everywhere.

To the future researcher, they may be able to have opportunity to get

some information and guide that would help them. They could be able to get

ideas and format of this study. For this paper provide data and information that

they will need in the future.

 References

https://glescrap.com/recycling-saves-money-for-consumers

https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/features/a-healthier-way-of-grilling#1

https://madisonsteel.com/2014/09/recycled-metal-strong-new-metal/

https://nerc.org/news-and-updates/blog/nerc-blog/2013/09/03/the-many-uses-for-scrap-
metal

https://sciencing.com/advantages-disadvantages-of-recycling-metal-13636634.html

https://www.recyclemetals.org/about-metal-recycling.html

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zcgt4qt/revision/5

https://www.thoughtco.com/how-rust-works-608461

https://classroom.synonym.com/proper-waste-segregation-disposal-12235492.html