The sentence

1.1 Sentence word order

1.1 The basic word order of an English sentence LEG

Study: The meaning of an English sentence depends on the word order.

We put the subject before the verb and the object after the verb:
The cook burnt the dinner.
Adverbials (How?, Where?, When?) usually come after the verb or after the object:
He read the note quickly. (How?) I waited at the corner (Where till (When?)
3 The basic word order of a sentence that is not a question or a command is usually:
subject verb object adverbials
How? Where? When?
I bought a hat yesterday.
The children have gone home.
We ate our meal in silence.

Write 1: Rewrite the sentences that don't make sense.

b Mark all the sentences in the exercise S V to show Subject, Verb, Object.
Has set John Bailey a new high jump record.
The passport examined the passport officer. (S) The passport officer (V) examined (O) the passport.
These biscuits don't like the dogs. (S) The dogs (V) don't like (O) these biscuits.
SThe shop assistantVis wrappingOthe parcel.
Have seen the visitors the new buildings. (S) The visitors (V) have seen (O) the new buildings.
SMy father Vdidn't washOthe dishes.
The pipe is going to fix the plumber. (S) The plumber (V) is going to fix (O) the pipe.
S V
Will the goalkeeper catchO the ball?
Has the meal enjoyed the guest? Has (S) the guest (V) enjoyed (O) the meal?
Can't play John the game. (S) John (V) can't play (O) the game.
Write 2: a Arrange these words in the right order. Use a capital letter to begin each sentence.
b Mark each rewritten sentence S V P T to show:
Subject, Verb, Object, Manner (How?),Place (Where?),Time (When?).
till o'clock this morning slept the
the papers into the bin he threw (S) He (V) threw (O) the papers (P) into the bin.
I don't speak well English (S) I (V) don't speak (O) English (M) well.
hides Mrs Jones her money under the bed (S) Mrs Jones (V) hides (O) her money (P) under the bed.
carefully this suitcase you didn't pack (S) You (V) didn't pack (O) this suitcase (M) carefully.
on this shelf left this morning some money (S) I (V) left (O) some money (P) on this shelf (T) this morning.
from the bank a loan you'll have to get (S) You'll (V) have to get (O) a loan (P) from the bank.
the phone in the middle of the night woke me up (S) The phone (V) woke me up (T) in the middle of the night.
in the park you shouldn't walk at night (S) You shouldn't (V) walk (P) in the park (T) at night.
(S) You should (V) sat (O) your good (M) slowly.
your food you should sat ......................................................................................................
my term begins in October (S) My term (V) begins ((T) in October.
your article quickly last night in bed read (S) I (V) read (O) your article (M) quickly (P) in bed (T) last night.
 Sentence word order

The forms of a sentence EG

Study: A sentence can take any one of four forms:

a statement: The shops close at tonight.
a question: Do the shops close at tonight?
a command: Shut the shut the door.
a n exclamation: What a slow train this is!
2 When we write a sentence, we must begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop a
question mark or an exclamation mark

Write: a Arrange these groups of words in the right order. Add or

Describe each sentence as a statement, question, command or exclamation: S, C or E.
the coffee don't spill
2 today's papers have you seen Have you seen today's papers? Q
3 to meet you how nice How nice to meet you! E
4 my umbrella where did you put Where did you put my umbrella? Q
5 arrived the train fifteen minutes late The train arrived fifteen minutes late. S
6 on time the plane won't arrive The plane won't arrive on time. S
I can't pay this electricity bill. S
7 this electricity bill I can't pay
8 for me please open the door Please, open the door for me. C
9 the nearest hotel where's he asked 'Where's the nearest hotel?,' he asked. Q
10 the bill can't pay he cried 'I can't pay the bill', he cried S

.
Context
Write: Read this story and arrange the words in each sentence in the right order.
Add capital letters and or in the right places.
A QUIET SORT OF PLACE!
my car parked in the centre of the village
2 near a bus stop an old man I saw I saw an old man near a bus stop. .
3 'beautiful village what a' I exclaimed 'What a beautiful village,' I exclaimed.
How many people live here?
4 'live here how many people'
5 'seventeen people there are' the old man said 'There are seventeen people,' the old man said.
6 'here have you lived how long' How long have you lived here?
7 'all my life have lived here' I have lived here all my life.
8 'isn't it it's a quiet sort of place' It's a quiet sort of place, isn't it!
9 'here a quiet life we live We live a quiet life here.
10 a cinema we don't have or a theatre We don't have a cinema or a theatre.
our school five years ago was closed Our school was closed five years ago.
12 only one shop we have We have only one shop.
13 calls a bus once a day A bus calls once a day.
14 here in 55 B.C. came the Romans The Romans came here in 55 B.C..
15 since then has happened nothing' 'Nothing has happened,' since then.
1 The sentence

1.2 The simple sentence: verbs with and without objects

What is a complete sentence? LEG

Study: 1 When we speak, we often say things like All right! Good! Want any help?
These are 'complete units of meaning', but they are not real sentences.
2 simple sentence is a complete unit of meaning which contains a subject and a verb,
followed, if necessary, by other words which make up the meaning. So:
Made in Germany is correct English but it is not a sentence because it doesn't have a subject.
My car was made in Germany. is a complete sentence with a subject and verb.
We can't say *Is tired* because we need a subject is tired.
The subject may be 'hidden': Open the door. really means You open the door.

Write: Put a tick beside real sentences.

Made in Germany. Sit down please. X
2 This car was made in Germany. 12 You can't park here. X
3 To write a letter. 13 Don't interrupt. X
4 Standing in the rain. 14 understand. X
5 want to write a letter. X 15 She doesn't like me. X
6 Is tall. 16 the water.
7 Do you like? 17 Ate.
8 The train has arrived. X 18 A bottle of ink.
9 Have finished my work. 19 He's a doctor. X
10 You should listen. X 20 What happened? X

Verbs with and without objects EG

Study: 1 We always have to use an object after some verbs: beat, contain, enjoy, hit, need.
We call these transitive verbs. We have to say:
Arsenal beat Liverpool. But we can't say *Arsenal beat.
2 Some verbs never take an object: ache, arrive, come, faint, go, sit down, sleep, snow.
We call these intransitive verbs. We have to say:
We arrived at But we can't say 'We arrived the station at
Some verbs can be used transitively or intransitively: begin, drop, hurt, open, ring, win.
We can say: Arsenal won the match. (transitive) or Arsenal won. (intransitive)

Write: Put an object (a pronoun or a noun) after these verbs only where possible.
The box contains 10 The door opened ...............................................
2 The train has arrived This is a game no one can win .........................
3 The phone rang 12 The concert began at 7.30.
Someone is ringing the door bell. 13 began ..............................................................
5 You need to study. 14 It's snowing .......................................................
6 We sat down 15 Quick! She's fainted
7 Don't hit me. 16 Did you enjoy the film
8 Did you beat the other player ? 17 My head aches ..................................................
9 Who opened the door 18 My foot hurts
 1.2 The simple sentence: verbs with and without objects

Sentences with linking verbs like 'be' and 'seem' LEG

Study: Verbs like be and seem are 'linking verbs'. They cannot have an object.
The word we use after be, etc. tells us something about the subject. In grammar, we call this a
complement because it 'completes' the sentence by telling us about the subject.
In He is ill. She seems tired. etc. the words ill and tired tell us about he and she.
2 A complement may be:
an adjective: Frank is clever.
a noun: Frank is an architect.
an adjective noun: Frank is a clever architect.
a pronoun: This book is mine.
an adverb of place or time: The meeting is here. The meeting is at 2.30.
a prepositional phrase: Alice is like her father.

Write: a Complete these sentences using a different complement for each sentence.
b Say whether you have used a noun, an adjective, an adjective noun, etc.
My neighbour is very
2 My neighbour is a dentist.(noun)
3 This apple tastes good. (adj)
4 The children are smart (adj)
5 The meeting is here (adv place)
6 Whose is this? It's mine. (pronoun)
7 John looks tired. (adj)
8 That music sounds great! (noun)
Your mother seems good. (adj)
10 want be a doctor. (noun) when I leave school.

.
Context
Write: Read this story and arrange the words in each sentence in the right order.
Add capital letters and or in the right places
SO PLEASE DON'T COMPLAIN!
the local school attends my son Tim
2 to his school my wife and went yesterday
3 we to his teachers spoke
4 Tim's school report we collected
5 very good wasn't Tim's report
6 in every subject were his marks low
7 was waiting anxiously for us outside Tim
8 'my report how was' eagerly he asked
'very good it wasn t I said
10 'you harder must try
seems that boy Ogilvy very clever
12 good marks he got in all subjects'
13 'clever parents Ogilvy has' Tim said