Learning Report Project in Midterm: Bachelor in Public Administration 3A

Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines
NES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
LEARNING REPORT PROJECT IN MIDTERM
By: Cherry Anne L. Caballero
Bachelor in Public Administration 3A
A Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for
Organization and Management

PA 108 B1
Aireen V. Ablao, MPA
Instructor I
A.Y. 2021-2022
WEEK 9: THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF ORGANIZATION

KNOWLEDGE BEFORE AND AFTER:
This week’s topic revolved around the basic concepts of organization and if I
would reflect to my previous knowledge before this, I think it is very narrow. All I know
was the simple definition of the word “organization” wherein it is a group of people
working together to achieve their organizational goals and objectives. Also, for some
time, I thought all organizations, once established, will always be effective, yet after the
discussion, I have realized I was wrong.
Discussing it further, I have learned in this week that an effective organization is

important as it is the foundation of managerial success of a specific organization. it is like
a determinant whether the firm operates ideally, if there is a strong bond or relationship
between employees and with other firms that leads them to perform efficiently and
productively, and especially if the firm itself grows and develops through time. Some
famous experts in management also gave their own definitions of an effective
organization like Kenneth Towe, Andrew Carnegie, and M.U. Qureshi.
I was also able to know the two types of organization which are the informal and
the formal type of organization. Their differences are that formal organization is
structured and the people coordinates based on the rules and regulations of the firm while
informal organization refers to the relationships between people in an organization that is
not developed through rules and regulations but rather by their personal attitudes,
emotions, prejudices, lies and dislike, etc. Both types have its pros and cons but I learned
that informal organization when not controlled, might take over the superiority of the
formal organizations.
PERSONAL EXPERIENCE RELATED TO THE TOPIC:
I had this experience when I was in elementary that is fully related to the concept
of effective organization. I was elected president for a new and independent organization
especially established by our adviser to perform certain functions. At first, it was okay,
but after some time, I knew my co-officers does not have a good relationship with each
other maybe because we’re still not matured enough to do such things. Also, they do not
cooperate and there is one officer who is always against me. I know I can do it but not if
my officers will not cooperate and perform their certain role. We did not last for even
more than a month and we cannot serve the purpose of the student organization. our
adviser was disappointed since we cannot made it to functionalize the organization.
Hence, our student organization was an ineffective organization.
As you can see, the organization I was in has failed to succeed. An effective
organization based on the lesson is foundation of managerial success but we were an
ineffective one that is why we did not achieve the managerial success. Also, since it was
an ineffective organization, it was determined that the relationship we had between my
co-officers was bad and weak that has led us to be unproductive. Due to the lacked
potentials, our organization did not achieve the growth and development that an effective
organization should have.
RELATED LITERATURE SUPPORTING MY KNOWLEDGE:

According to Georgopoulos (1957), organizational effectiveness was
conceptualized as the extent to which an organization as a social system, given certain
means and resources, fulfill sits objectives without incapacitating it s means and
resources and without placing undue strain upon its members. It was approached i n
terms of the criteria of productivity, strain, and flexibility which were derived from a
common framework. Our analysis showed that, in the present study, the relevant
operations prove reliable and the criteria used relate significantly to an independent
evaluation of effectiveness by experts. These criteria represent important aspects of
organizational functioning and deserve further attention i n the study of organizational
effectiveness.
There is no best way to structure an organization to make it effective. Rather,

organizations must build their own structures, using established forms or combining
them. Much of what happens in organizations can be captured by the interplay of 7 basic
forces: 1. direction, 2. efficiency, 3. proficiency, 4. concentration, 5. innovation, 6.
cooperation, and 7. competition. Managers must be aware of dangers, e. g, when the force
for efficiency, for example, begins to suppress innovation or when healthy internal
competition deteriorates into petty politics. Managers need to attain configuration if
possible. Getting everything together into a known form, if it all fits, is not a poor way to
organize. One force can dominate as long as the other forces are not ignored. Otherwise,
a combination is an option. It is critical to infuse the organization with the cooperative
force of ideology in order to make it excellent. Companies need to encourage healthy
competition, occasionally even outright politics, to ensure needed adaptation (Mintzberg,
1991)
WEEK 10: THE BASIC CONSCEPTS OF ORGANIZATION

I just know that departments are established based on a specific purpose and a
specific function. Also, maybe I know that department are constructed so that there will
be a division of labor and a focus to specializations of employees and that’s all. I have
never had any deep knowledge as to its concepts and types if any. But after this week’s
lesson, it has come to my knowledge that departmentation is actually an organizational
mechanism that classifies activities or operations into functionalized departments or
divisions. Departmentation is needed and is essential according to the lesson because of
the complexity of an organization and a single manager cannot manage it alone.
Employees are grouped together in order to be systematic and they can focus with their
specific functions that can lead them to efficiency and effectivity of the organization in
overall.
Regarding the various types of organizational structure, I have seen so many so

many visual representations of organizational structures but I never actually know that
these have various types which are line organization chart, functional organization chart,
and he line and staff organization chart. Line organizational chart was the oldest the
simplest type of all wherein there is a direct flow of authority while the functional
organizational chart shows that the firm are grouped together performing a specific
function. Line and staff organizational chart or structure on the other hand is he
combination of both line organizational structure and functional organizational structure.
When we were just a freshman, we had this project for a specific subject and we
are tasked to make an organizational analysis. We all agreed to interview the Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Office in the community of Labo. After the interview,
we have realized that even their organization is quite small, departmentation still exist in
their organization. if I remember it right, they are also grouped into three sort of
departments performing a specific function. They said in the interview that they needed
to do it because their organization is complex and dynamic though small that is why they
must have the departments in order to be systematic and be more efficient and effective.
Especially that they are an organization who responds to emergency situations, a
systematic operation is essential and significant for them. We were also allowed to take a
copy of their organizational structure since we also needed it. and based on what we saw,
I think it was a functional organizational structure. As to what we have seen,
organizational chart was also an essential thing for any firm since it represents their
systematic operations.

Departmentalization is the grouping of jobs according to some logical
arrangement. As the organization grows in size and complexity, it is no longer possible
for one manager to oversee all of the workers, so workers are assigned to new managers
based on some overall plan. Most conventional libraries and information centers such as
academic, public and special libraries belonging to large organizations also operates this
system. Most organizations use multiple bases of departmentalization in different areas
and/or at different levels (Adeyoyin, et al., 2015)
WEEK 11: THE BASIC CONSCEPTS OF ORGANIZATION

This week’s topic was a continuation of last week and as I have said back then, I
have seen so many organizational structures already in different organizations or offices I
visited but I never knew it has its various types. We already had three types of
organizational structures last time which are the Line Organizational Structure,
Functional Organizational Structure, and the Line and Staff Organizational Structure.
This time the Matrix Type of Organization and the Committee Type of Organization was
introduced and discussed in the lesson.
Matrix type of organization was a combination of both the project type of

organization and the functional type of organization wherein the authority in the firm
flows vertically within functional departments. Committee type of organization on the
other hand, are a group of people specifically designated to perform some administrative
act. It functions only as a group and requires free exchange of ideas among its members
as defined by W.H. Newman. Both another two types of organization also have its pros,
cons, and limitations.
Organizational structures is essential for any firm because it is their design of

authority. It has an impact in the operations of the firm that is why they must construct an
organizational structure that is suited or appropriate to their functions. They must adopt a
structure that will maximize their strengths as an organization.
I was once appointed to be part of a simple committee for a school program that is
going to happen soon. As we had the meeting to make decisions and plan out what to do
for the upcoming event, I noticed that it was hard to make decisions since we were just
few in the team. According to the lesson, the number of decision-makers can lead to one
disadvantage of committee type of organization which is the delay in decisions.
However, I think we have experienced more advantages that time because the
decisions we had was collective, communication between members are clear, and there
was also a strong coordination and an effective control to operations that we must
perform. Decision-making was also very free within us and that led us to easily perform
our function that time.
According to Kanten (2014), the unpredictable, global and dynamic working

environment requires organization to focus on learning and design suitable structures
which facilitate to cope with these conditions. In other words, organizations need to adopt
structures whether it is mechanic or organic towards to their vision, values and goals.
However, they internalize to be learning organization as a philosophy to acquire a
sustainable competitive advantage and organizational success in today’s working area.
Therefore, it is clear that organizations have to design their structures according to
internal and external conditions and emphasize learning. Because organizational
structures and learning organization have a major impact both on organizations outputs
and individuals’ attitudes depend their effectiveness. Accordingly, it can be stated that the
structure which is planned to consider the organizational culture, goals, values,
characteristics of industry and employees is thought to affect individual’s performance
and some positive attitudes such as engagement, involvement, commitment and
embeddedness etc.
REFERENCES
Georgopoulos, B. (1957). The Study of Organizational Effectiveness.

https://isr.umich.edu
Mintzberg, H. (1991). The Effective Organization: Forces and Forms. MIT Sloan
Management Review 32 (2), 54
Adeyoyin, S., Unazi, F., Adegun, A., et. al., (2015). Effects of Job Specialization and
Departmentalization on Job Satisfaction among Staff of a Nigerian University
Library. Library Philosophy and Practice. 1295.
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/1295
Kanten, P., Kanten, S., Gurlek, M. (2014). The Effects of Organizational Sructures and
Learning Organization on Job Embeddedness and Individual Adaptive
Performance. Procedia Economic and Finance 23 (2015) 1358-1366

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Republic of the Philippines

Republic of the Philippines

LEARNING REPORT PROJECT IN MIDTERM

By: Cherry Anne L. Caballero

Bachelor in Public Administration 3A

A Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for

Organization and Management

Aireen V. Ablao, MPA

WEEK 9: THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF ORGANIZATION

Discussing it further, I have learned in this week that an effective organization is

PERSONAL EXPERIENCE RELATED TO THE TOPIC:

RELATED LITERATURE SUPPORTING MY KNOWLEDGE:

There is no best way to structure an organization to make it effective. Rather,

WEEK 10: THE BASIC CONSCEPTS OF ORGANIZATION

Regarding the various types of organizational structure, I have seen so many so

PERSONAL EXPERIENCE RELATED TO THE TOPIC:

RELATED LITERATURE SUPPORTING MY KNOWLEDGE:

WEEK 11: THE BASIC CONSCEPTS OF ORGANIZATION

Matrix type of organization was a combination of both the project type of

Organizational structures is essential for any firm because it is their design of

PERSONAL EXPERIENCE RELATED TO THE TOPIC:

RELATED LITERATURE SUPPORTING MY KNOWLEDGE:

According to Kanten (2014), the unpredictable, global and dynamic working

Georgopoulos, B. (1957). The Study of Organizational Effectiveness.

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