THERMO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF A HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR COMBINED CYCLE, O. O. Ighodaro & M.

Osikhuemhe

Amount of fuel supplied = 11,872,952mcf turbine generator terminal, then the advantage of a
Cost of unit of fuel in Naira = N0.2159/kWh further increase in output to be gained from combined
Net energy release per unit of fuel: cycle arrangement would have to be weighed against
1030
𝐵𝑡𝑢
× 1.054 ×
103
×
𝑘𝐽
= 1085.6kJ/cf = the increased cost of fueling.
𝑐𝑓 𝐵𝑡𝑢 1000𝐽
3.61 × 103 kJ/kWh
6. CONCLUSION
Using Equation 16:
A thermodynamic analysis for incorporating a steam
3.6 × 106 𝐹𝑐 3.6 × 106 × 0.2159
𝐸𝑐 = = turbine plant and a gas turbine plant in a combined
𝜂𝑜 𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑡 0.244 × 3.61 × 103
cycle arrangement using a heat recovery steam
= 882.4 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑠/𝑘𝑊ℎ
generator has been explored and a performance
Total cost of fuel for GT 15 = N882.4 × 907504 =
evaluation and cost analysis has been efficiently
N800.8 Million
applied. The results improve the understanding of
Assume all five GTs are working as Gt 15, total energy
such combined cycle behaviors, revealing that the
generated by station;907 504 × 6 = 5 445 024MWh
combined cycle plant provides a much higher load
Total cost of fuel for GTs in station: 882.4 × 5 445 024
output, significant improvement in efficiency, and
= N4.8 billion
even though there is a greater complexity in the plant
and a higher cost of equipment, there is considerable
5.2 Energy cost analysis when gas turbine plant
reduction in the fuel cost.
is incorporated in the combined cycle
The possibility of incorporating a steam turbine unit to
arrangement
utilize the high exhaust gas from the gas turbine unit
Total energy generated =1 308 752 MWh
(combined cycle) was studied: the findings reveal a
Overall thermal efficiency at full load = 37.4%
much higher load output, improved efficiency and
Fuel cost = N65/mcf
reduced fuel cost.
Amount of fuel supplied = 11872.952 mcf
Cost of unit of fuel = N0.2159/kWh
Table 1: Major Assumptions and Conversion Units.
Net energy released per unit fuel
𝐵𝑡𝑢 103 𝑘𝐽 Assumptions and Conversion units
1030 × 1.054 × × = 1085.6kJ/cf = Isentropic efficiency of gas and
𝑐𝑓 𝐵𝑡𝑢 1000𝐽
90
3.61 × 103 kJ/kWh steam turbine
Using the earlier developed equation: Mechanical efficiency 99
Ec =
3.6 ×106 𝐹𝑐
=
3.6 × 106 × 0.2159
= 575.7mills/kWh Generator efficiency 97
𝜂𝑜 𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑡 0.374 × 3.61 × 103
Ambient Temperature 298 K
Total cost of fuel for GT 15 = N575.7 × 1308725 =
Heat exchanger effectiveness 0.9
N735.4 million
Mass flow rate of air in gas turbine
420Kg/s
cycle
Assume all five GTs are working as GT 15, total energy Mass flow rate of fuel in gas turbine
generated by station: 22Kg/s
cycle
1308725 × 6 = 7 852 350 MWh Mass flow rate of feed water in
630kg/s
Total cost of fuel for GTs in station: 575.7 × 7852350 steam turbine cycle
= N4.52 billion 1.14 kJ/kg
Specific heat of gas
K
1.005
5.3 Saving in Fuel Cost by Using A Combined specific heat of air
kJ/kg K
Cycle Ratio of specific heat for air 1.14
Saving in cost of fuel per GT = N800.8 million - Ratio of specific heat for gases 1.33
N735.3million = N47.5million Temperature of exhaust gases from
Savings in cost of fuel for station = N4.8 billion - N4.52 443K
HRSG
billion = N280 million N0.22/kW
Unit cost of Natural gas
As seen from the above hypothetical combined cycle h
scheme a considerable increase in power output Dollars conversion rate N130/1$
production is achieved at a much higher efficiency, the 1mcf=301
Energy conversion rate
use of supplementary firing would increase cost of kWh
fueling but gives much higher output from the steam

Nigerian Journal of Technology, Vol. 38, No. 2, April 2019 346