8.

5 Other Vapor Power Cycle Aspects 475

For the first pump

#
Wp1
# ⫽ 11 ⫺ y¿ ⫺ y–21h8 ⫺ h72
m1
⫽ 10.753721174.17 ⫺ 173.882 ⫽ 0.22 kJ/ kg
and for the second pump
#
Wp2
# ⫽ 1h10 ⫺ h92
m1
⫽ 569.73 ⫺ 561.47 ⫽ 8.26 kJ/ kg
The total heat added is the sum of the energy added by heat transfer during boiling/superheating and reheat-
ing. When expressed on the basis of a unit of mass entering the first turbine, this is
#
Qin
# ⫽ 1h1 ⫺ h112 ⫹ 11 ⫺ y¿21h4 ⫺ h32
m1
⫽ 13348.4 ⫺ 882.42 ⫹ 10.8478213353.3 ⫺ 2741.82
⫽ 2984.4 kJ/ kg
With the foregoing values, the thermal efficiency is
# # # # # # # #
Wt1 / m1 ⫹ Wt2 / m1 ⫺ Wp1 / m1 ⫺ Wp2 / m1
h⫽ # #
Qin / m1

⫽
572.9 ⫹ 720.7 ⫺ 0.22 ⫺ 8.26
⫽ 0.431 143.1%2
✓ Skills Developed
2984.4 Ability to…
(b) The mass flow rate entering the first turbine can be determined using the ❑ sketch the T–s diagram of
given value of the net power output. Thus, the reheat–regenerative
# vapor power cycle with one
# Wcycle closed and one open
m1 ⫽ # # # # # # # #
Wt1/ m1 ⫹ Wt2/ m1 ⫺ Wp1/ m1 ⫺ Wp2/ m1 feedwater heater.
❶ ❑ fix each of the principal
1100 MW2冟3600 s/ h冟 冟103 kW/ MW冟 states and retrieve
⫽ ⫽ 2.8 ⫻ 105 kg/ h
1285.1 kJ/ kg necessary property data.
❑ apply mass, energy, and
entropy principles.
❶ Compared to the corresponding values determined for the simple Rankine
❑ calculate performance
cycle of Example 8.1, the thermal efficiency of the present regenerative cycle parameters for the cycle.
is substantially greater and the mass flow rate is considerably less.

Quick Quiz If each turbine stage had an isentropic efficiency of 85%,

at which numbered states would the specific enthalpy values change?
Ans. 2, 3, 5, and 6.

8.5 Other Vapor Power Cycle Aspects

In this section we consider vapor power cycle aspects related to working fluids, cogen-
eration systems, and carbon capture and storage.

8.5.1 Working Fluids

Demineralized water is used as the working fluid in the vast majority of vapor power
systems because it is plentiful, low cost, nontoxic, chemically stable, and relatively