c14ChemicalandPhaseEquilibrium.

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858 Chapter 14 Chemical and Phase Equilibrium

At 2000 K, Table A-27 gives log10K* 5 22.884. With Eq. 14.34, log10K 5 2.884,
which is in agreement with the calculated value. ✓ Skills Developed
Using the procedures described above, it is straightforward to determine log10K Ability to…
versus temperature for each of several specified reactions and tabulate the results
❑ evaluate log10K based on
as in Table A-27. Eq. 14.31 and data from
Tables A-23 and A-25.
❑ use the relation of Eq.
14.34 for inverse reactions.
If ln K 5 23.535 for the given reaction, use Table A-27 to deter-
mine T, in K. Ans. 1000 K.

14.3.2 Illustrations of the Calculation of Equilibrium

Compositions for Reacting Ideal Gas Mixtures

It is often convenient to express Eq. 14.32 explicitly in terms of the number of moles
that would be present at equilibrium. Each mole fraction appearing in the equation has
the form yi 5 ni/n, where ni is the amount of component i in the equilibrium mixture
and n is the total number of moles of mixture. Hence, Eq. 14.32 can be rewritten as

n nCC n DnD p/ pref nC 1nD 2nA 2nB

K5 a b (14.35)
n nAA n nBB n

The value of n must include not only the reacting components A, B, C, and D but
also all inert components present. Since inert component E has been assumed pres-
ent, we would write n 5 nA 1 nB 1 nC 1 nD 1 nE.
Equation 14.35 provides a relationship among the temperature, pressure, and compo-
sition of an ideal gas mixture at equilibrium. Accordingly, if any two of temperature,
pressure, and composition are known, the third can be found by solving this equation.

suppose that the temperature T and pressure p are known and

the object is the equilibrium composition. With temperature known, the value of K
can be obtained from Table A-27. The n’s of the reacting components A, B, C, and
D can be expressed in terms of a single unknown variable through application of
the conservation of mass principle to the various chemical species present. Then,
since the pressure is known, Eq. 14.35 constitutes a single equation in a single
unknown, which can be solved using an equation solver or iteratively with a hand
calculator. b b b b b

In Example 14.2, we apply Eq. 14.35 to study the effect of pressure on the equi-
librium composition of a mixture of CO2, CO, and O2.

cccc EXAMPLE 14.2 c

Determining Equilibrium Composition Given Temperature and Pressure

One kilomole of carbon monoxide, CO, reacts with 12 kmol of oxygen, O2, to form an equilibrium mixture of CO2, CO,
and O2 at 2500 K and (a) 1 atm, (b) 10 atm. Determine the equilibrium composition in terms of mole fractions.

SOLUTION
1
Known: A system initially consisting of 1 kmol of CO and kmol of O2 reacts to form an equilibrium mixture
2
of CO2, CO, and O2. The temperature of the mixture is 2500 K and the pressure is (a) 1 atm, (b) 10 atm.
Find: Determine the equilibrium composition in terms of mole fractions.