c13ReactingMixturesandCombustion787 Page 787 7/21/10 8:22:58 AM user-s146 /Users/user-s146/Desktop/Merry_X-Mas/New

13.2 Conservation of Energy—Reacting Systems 787

TABLE 13.1
Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and Entropy for Ideal Gas Mixtures
Notation: ni 5 moles of gas i, yi 5 mole fraction of gas i
T 5 mixture temperature, p 5 mixture pressure
pi 5 yi p 5 partial pressure of gas i
ui 5 specific internal energy of gas i, per mole of i
hi 5 specific enthalpy of gas i, per mole of i
si 5 specific entropy of gas i, per mole of i

Mixture internal energy:

j
U 5 n 1u 1 1 n 2u 2 1 . . . 1 n j u j 5 a ni u i1T2 (12.19)
i5 1

Mixture enthalpy:

j
H 5 n 1h 1 1 n 2h 2 1 . . . 1 n jh j 5 a n ih i1T2 (12.20)
i5 1

Mixture entropy:

j
S 5 n 1s1 1 n 2s2 1 . . . 1 n j sj 5 a n i si1T, p i2 (12.26)
i5 1

c With Eq. 6.18:

pi
si1T, p i2 5 si1T, p2 2 R ln
p
5 si 1T, p2 2 R ln yi (a)

c With Eq. 6.18 and pref 5 1 atm:

pi
si1T, p i2 5 si1T, p ref2 2 R ln
p ref
yi p
5 s8i 1T 2 2 R ln (b)1
p ref

where s8i is obtained from Table A-23 and A-23E, as appropriate.

1
Equation (b) corresponds to Eq. 13.23.

13.2 Conservation of Energy—

Reacting Systems
The objective of the present section is to illustrate the application of the conservation
of energy principle to reacting systems. The forms of the conservation of energy
principle introduced previously remain valid whether or not a chemical reaction
occurs within the system. However, the methods used for evaluating the properties
of reacting systems differ somewhat from the practices used to this point.
TAKE NOTE...
When applying energy and
13.2.1 Evaluating Enthalpy for Reacting Systems entropy balances to react-
ing systems, it is neces-
In most tables of thermodynamic properties used thus far, values for the specific sary to take special care
internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy are given relative to some arbitrary datum state in how internal energy,
where the enthalpy (or alternatively the internal energy) and entropy are set to zero. enthalpy, and entropy are
This approach is satisfactory for evaluations involving differences in property values evaluated.
between states of the same composition, for then arbitrary datums cancel. However,