Indefinite Integration - Workbook Pattern 1

Best Approach
Indefinite Integration
WorkBook
Pattern-1
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Indefinite Integration
INTEGRATION Differential of y = f (x)

INTRODUCTION Q. Differential of x4, sin(x), tan(x), ln(x)
Q. Antiderivative of a periodic function

Q. If d (F (x) + C) = f (x)
dx need not be periodic function.
  f  x dx = F(x) + C Eg. f(x) = cos x + 1 is periodic but
  cos x  1 dx = sin x + x + C is aperiodic.

Note : Integration is family of curves
Get 10% Instant Discount On Unacademy Plus [Use Referral Code: MCSIR] 2
x n 1 ln x
(a)
n
 x dx = n  1  C,n  1
(a) e dx
 ax  b n 1  C
n
(b)   ax  b  dx = a  n  1
n  –1, n  R
 ln x 2  1 
Q. e dx Q.  ln  ex  dx
Q. ln 2 ln x
Q. dx e dx
2 x
Q. m ln x Q. ln x
e dx 2 dx
(a) 1 x 4  x 4  2
 xdx  ln | x |  C Q.  dx
x3
dx ln  ax  b 
(b)  ax  b  a
C
dx xdx
Q.  3  2x Q.  a  bx
xdx dx
Q.  x 2  2x  1 Q.  2x  3  2x  3
Q.
1  x 3 dx
 x
1 Standard Integration
Q.   x  x  1 dx dx 1  xa 
2 2

 x  a 2a ln  x  a 
1
Q.   x  2  x  3 dx Replace x by  (linear of x)
1 dx
Q.   x  n  x  n  dx Q. x 2
 5x  6
x
Q.   x  2  x  3 dx
x x ax  b eax  b 2 x 1  5x 1
(a)  e dx  e  C e dx  C Q.  10x dx
a
px  q
x ax px  q a
(b)  a dx  , a dx  a 0
ln a p ln a
x
Q. .e x dx 2
a  2 
x
Q.  3x dx
mx
e3x  e5x Q. a .b ax dx
Q.  ex  e x dx
Q. Q. 1  sin x dx
 sin x dx    cos x  C 
1
 sin  ax  b  d   a cos  ax  b   C
 cos x dx  sin x  C
1
 cos  ax  b  dx  a sin  ax  b   C
4
Q.  cos 2x cos 3x dx Q.  sin xdx
2
cos x  cos 2x Q.  sin 2x cos xdx
Q.  1  cos x dx
Q. 2 3
 sin x dx Q.  cos x dx
Q. 4
 cos x dx cos5x  cos 4x
Q.  1  2cos 3x
0
cos3 x  sin 3 x Q.  sin x dx
Q.  cos x  sin x dx
Q. 2
x dx  tan x  C dx
 sec Q.
 1  cos x
2 1
 sec (ax + b)dx =
a
tan (ax + b) +C
2
 cos ec x dx = –cot x + C
2 1
 cos ec (ax + b) = – a
cot (ax + b) +C
cos 2x  2sin 2 x Q.
1  cos x
Q.  cos2 x dx  1  cos x dx
2 2
Q.  cot x dx Q.  sec x cosec2x dx
  cot  2
Q. 2
x cos 2 x dx Q.
 tan x sin 2 x dx
Q.  sec x tan x dx = sec x + C a sin 3 x  b cos3 x

Q.  sin 2 x cos 2 x
 cos ec x cot x dx = – cosec x + C
cos ecx  tan 2 x  sin 2 x dx

Q.  sin x
dx Q.  1  sin 3x
sin x dx
Q.  cos2 x (1 – 3 sin x) dx
3
Q.  1  x 2  tan –1
x+C
dx dx
Q.  2 = sin–1 x + C Q. x =sec–1 x + C
1 x x2 1
dx 1 1 x dx x
Q.  a 2  x 2  a tan a Q.  2 2 = sin–1
a
a x
dx 1 x
Q. x  sec 1
x2  a2 a a
x 2  cos 2 x x2
Q.  x 2  1 cosec2 x dx Q.  1  x 2 dx
x4 Q.
dx
Q.  1  x 2 dx  9  4x 2
Fundoo Funda
Divide
1 dx
Q. x 2
 x 1
dx Q.  49  25x 2
dx dx
Q.   2x  7   x  3 x  4  Q.   x 2  4x  4 x 2  4x  5
Fundoo Funda
Multiply/Divide by Difference of
Roots.
Maha Shortcut Q. Find f(x) if

f' (x2) = 1/x for x > 0, f(1) = 1
dx
 Quad = tan–1( ) D<0
= ln ( ) D>0
= Rational D=0
function
Q. Find f(x) if Q. find f(x) if

f ' (si n 2 x) = cos2x for all x, f(1) = 1 f' (sin x) = cos2x for all x, f(1) = 1
Methods of Integration Substitution

1. By substitution n
2. Integration by parts   f  x  f   x  dx Or
3. Partial fraction
f  x 
4. Misc. (kuturputur)  f  x  n dx Or
 
f  x 
 f  x  dx Or
Start with y = f(x)
Illustrations Q. tan x sec 2 x dx

2

Q.  tan x sec x dx
Q.  5  tan x sec 2 xdx tan x

Q.  sin 2x dx
  tan x  x  (sec x –1) dx   tan 

2 3
Q. Q. x  x tan 2 x dx
sec 4 x sec 2 x
Q.  tan x
dx Q.  tan x 2 x dx
2x 2x  sin 1 x
Q.  1 x2
dx Q.  2
dx
1 x
e x
  dx
cos e x Q. e
x
 
sin e x dx
Q.  x
x7 x 2 tan 1 x 3
Q.  1  x16 dx Q.  1  x 6 dx
2
Q.  n (sec x) tan x dx
Q.
sin 2x dx
 1  2sin 2 x
sin 2xdx sin 2x dx

Q.  1  3cos 2 x Q.  a sin 2 x  b cos2 x
tan x dx 1
Q.  a  b tan 2 x Q.  x1/2  x1/3 dx
2x 5  3x 2 1
Q.  1  3x3  x 6 dx Q.


4 10 1
3

 x 3 dx

 1 3x

 
Q.  (tanx) dx = ln |sec x| + c Q.   cot x  dx = ln |sin x| + C

= – (cos x) + C
tan  ln x  
tan sin 1 x  dx
Q.  x dx Q.  1 x2
cos x x cos x
Q.  cos  x  a  dx Q.   x sin x  cos x 2 dx
sin 2x.dx Q.  (sinx – cosx). (sinx + cosx)5

dx
Q.  sin 5x.sin 3x
 
2sin x 2  1  sin 2 x 2  1  dx x  e x  sin x  cos x   sin x cos x
Q. Q.  dx
 x 2sin  x 2
 1  sin 2  x 2
 1 x 2 x 2
 2e sin x  cos x 
2
Q.  secx dx = ln (secx + tanx) + C Q.  cosecx dx = l n (cosecx – cotx)

 x x
or ln tan    + C or ln |tan |+C
4 2 2
sin x dx
Q.  sin 2x dx Q.  4cos3 x  3cos x
Q.
tan x  sec x  1
 tan x  sec x  1 dx 
cos ec tan 1 x  dx
Q.  1 x2
cos 2x dx
Q.  sin x
dx Q.  sin x cos2 x
dx dx
Q.  Q.  a sin x  b cos x
3 sin x  cos x
dx dx
Q.  sec x  cos ecx Q.  tan x  cot x  sec x  cosec x
2
x  nx dx
Q. e dx Q.  ex  1
ex 1 e x 1  x 
Q.  ex  1 dx Q.  sin 2  xe x  dx
1/3
  27e  Q.  tan(10x). tan (7x) . tan (3x)dx
9x
Q.  e12x dx
General Substitution dx dx
a 2  x 2 : x  a sin 
 2
x a 2  
 n x  x 2  a 2 & 
x2  a2
a 2  x 2 ; x  a tan  
 n x  x 2  a 2 
x 2  a 2 ; x  x sec 
a2  x2 2
2 2
; x  a 2 cos 2
a x
e x dx
Q.  e 2x  1
x  1 x 
Q. Q. cos 2 cot 1 
a x  1  x 
(9  x 2 ) 3 x dx
Q.  dx Q.  a3  x3
x6
xdx linear
Q.  x4  x2  1  Quad dx
ax  b ax  b
Q.  px 2  qx  r dx  dx
px 2  qx  r
d
write ax + b = A (px2 + qx + r) + B
dx
 2x  3 8x  5
dx
Q.   x 2  2x  2  dx Q.  4x 2  4x  2
4x  3 2sin 2  cos 
Q.  3x 2  3x  1 dx Q.  6  cos
2
d
  4sin 
4y  1 Trigonometric Functions
Q.  y2  4y  5 dy  sin x cos x dx
m n
m, n  n
(1) If one odd other even substitute term of
even power
(2) Both odd substitute higher power
T-function.
(3) Both even use T- identities to manipu Examples

late
(4) If m & n are rational numbers & m + n Q.  sin x cos
5 6
x dx
is negative even then, substitute
tan x  t 

or cot x  t 
Also create derivatives
Q. 3 5
 sin x cos x dx
dx
Q.  sin x cos3 x dx
Q.  sin 7/2 x cos13/2 x
2
Q.  sec
25/13
cosec 27/13x dx Q.  sin x cos 2 x dx
Integration By Parts ILATE

Rules :-
(i) Choose 2 nd Function which is easily in-
tegrable I=  f
( x ) ·g
( x ) dx
(ii) Choose 1st & 2nd functions such that af- I II
ter by parts Complexity of 2nd term re- = 1st function  integral of 2nd
duces as compared to original integration
(iii) Note sometimes 1 is taken as a function   (diff. co-eff. of 1st)
 (integral

of 2nd) d x
indefinite integration without
constant of integration
Examples
x
Q.  x  nx dx
Q.
 xe dx
2
Q.  x sin x dx Q.  x sec x dx
1
Q.  n x dx Q.  x tan x dx
1 2
Q.  sin x dx Q.  x n x dx
2 2
Q.  x cos x sin x dx Q.   tan  sec  d
x x
Q. e sin x dx Q. e cos x dx
Q.  cosec 2
x  n (sec x) dx sin 1 x
Q.  3/2
dx

1  x2 
3
1 1 Q.  sec x dx
Q.  cos x dx
2 3x 3 2
Q. x e dx Q.  x n x dx
Q.  sin x.n (secx + tanx) dx Q.

cos 1 x
 x 3 dx
1 x
Q.  sin   n x  Q.  n 1  x  dx
Q.  n  x  
x 2  a 2 dx Q.
xdx
 1  sin x
1 Q.  x cosx cos2x dx
Q.  nx.  x  12 dx
x
Q. e (1 + x)  n (xex) dx
Q.  sin
1 x
dx
ax

1 1 2a  x  1.  a 2  x 2 dx =
Q.  x sin   dx
2 a  x a2 x
a 2 x 2 + sin1 + c
2 2 a
2.  x 2  a 2 dx =
x a2
2
x a 2 + ln  x  x 2 a 2  + c

2 2 
3.  x 2  a 2 dx =
x a2
x 2 a 2  ln  x  x 2 a 2  + c

2 2 
3 Two Classic Integrands

Q.  sec x dx
 e  f  x   f   x   dx  e f  x   c
x x
(a) (b)  (f(x) + xf'(x))dx = xf (x) + c
Examples x
x
Q.  e  cos x  sin x  dx
Q.  e  x  1
 e  tan x  sec x  dx
x
 e  cos x  sin x  dx
x 2
Q. Q.
x
Q.  e sec x 1  tan x  dx Q.  
e x
 ln x 
1
 dx
x
 x  2x  sin 4x  2 
Q. x Q. e   dx
 e  1  x 2  dx  1  cos 4x 
 
  tan x  x sec x  dx
2 x  sin x
Q.
Q.  1  cos x dx
 x 2  5x  7  x
 x2  1 
x Q.
Q.  e   x  32  dx  e   x  12  dx
   
x  sin x  
Q.  1  cos x dx x
 1 x 
Q.  
e 3
  dx
 1  x2 1 x2 
   2

xe x Q.  [sin(  n x) + cos (  n x) dx
Q.  1  x  2
dx
e tan
1
x
1  x  x  dx
2 nx
Q.  1  nx 2 dx
Q.  1 x 2
x 2e x e x  x  1
Q.   x  2 2
dx Q.   x  13 dx
1.  eax. sin bx dx Q. e
x
 x 4  dx
e ax
= (a sin bx  b cos bx) + c
a 2 b2
2.  eax . cos bx dx
e ax
= (a cos bx + b sin bx) + c
a 2 b2
2 3x 3
Q. x e dx Q.  (x  3x  1)e 3 x dx
GENERAL CONCEPT tan x

Q. e sin x  sec x dx
g( x )
e f ( x )g' ( x )  f ' ( x ) dx
Partial Fraction Case II :

Case I: Degree of P1 (x) < Degree of P2 (x)
(a) P2 is linear in x
P1  x 
If P (x), P2(x) are polynomials x 2  2x  4
P2  x  1
For Example : 
If degree of P1  P2 Divide & Move to  x  1 x  2 x  1
case (2) Let
x 2  2x  4 A B C
  
 x  1 x  2  x  1 x  1 x  2 x  1
7 1
A= , B = 4, C =
2 2
Form Formof partial fraction (b) Denominator is repeated linear factor

px  q A B of x

 x  a  x  b  x a x b
x 2  2x  4 A B C
px  q A B (i) 2
  
 x  a 2

x  a  x  a 2  x  1 x  1 x  1 x  1  x  12
px 2  qx  r A B C
 
 x  a  x  b  x  c  x a x b x c
px 2  qx  r A Bx  c
 2
 x  a   x 2  bx  c  x  a x  bx  c
x 2  bx  c Can 't be factorized
(b) Denominator is quadratic in x Important Concepts

(Not Factorized)
1
2
x  2x  4 A Bx  C  Linear  log
(ii)   2
 x  1  x 2  x  1 x 1 x  x 1
1 x 3dx
Q.  2
dx Q.  x 4  3x 2  2
 x2 1 
dx
Q.  x3  1 dx
Q.  sin x(3  2 cos x )
sin x 1  x cos x
Q.  sin 4x dx Q.
 x 1  x 2e2sin x  dx
 x  1 x  2   x  3 Q. Suppose f (x) is a quadratic function

Q.   x  4   x  5 x  6  dx such that f (0) = 1 and f (–1) = 4.
f (x) dx
If  x 2 (x  1)2 is a rational function,
find the value of f (10).
Manipulating Kuturputur dx
Q.  x  x n  1
dx
Q.  x  x 2  1
x7 xdx
Q.  dx Q.  3/2

1 x2 
5
1  x 
4
dx dx
Q.  Q.  x2

x4 x3  1 
2
x  1 x2 
 ax 2
 b dx  x  cos   1 dx
Q.  Q.  3/2
2 2
x c x  ax  b  2

2 x 2
 2x cos   1 
6
 x  1 dx Q.  (x  x 4  x 2 ) ·( 2 x 4  3x 2  6)1 2 dx
Q.  x2 2x 2  2x  1
2 x 1
Q.  dx Q.  8
dx
x
2
x 1 x  1
x 4  x8 1
Q.  1  x dx Q.  dx
4 7/ 2
 1  x 4   1 x  x 4 2

Q. 1 x2
 4
 x  13  x  2 5
dx Q.   x sin x  cos x  2
dx
Trigonometric Functions Examples

Type 1: dx
Q.  4  5sin 2 x
dx dx
 a  bsin 2 x /  a  b cos2 x /
dx
 a sin 2 x  b cos2 x  csin x cos x
Type : 2
dx
Q.   3sin x  4cos x 2 dx dx
 a  bsin x /  a  b cos x /
dx
 a  bsin x  c cos x
dx
Q.  3  cos2 x
dx dx
Q.  4  5cos x Q.  3  2sin x  cos x
dx dx
Q.  5  4sin x Q.  cos x  5  3cos x 
dx sin 2x
Q.  1  cos x  sin x Q.  sin 4 x  cos 4 x dx
dx Type 3:
Q.  sin 4 x  cos4 x a sin x  b cos x  c
  sin x  m cos x  n dx
Working Rule :
d
Nr = A(Dr) + B  Dr   C
dx
Compute A, B, C
11cos x  16sin x 1
Q.  Q.  1  tan x dx
2 cos x  5sin x
1 1
Q.  1  cot x dx Q.  1  cos ecx dx
1 Q. 6  3sin x  14cos x
Q.  1  sec x dx  3  4sin x  5cos x
sin x 3e x  5e  x
Q.  ex  sin x  cos x dx Q.  4e x  5e x dx
Type4
Q.  cos 2x ·ln (1  tan x ) dx
x 2 1 x 2 1
 x 4 kx 2 1 dx or  x 4 kx 2 1 dx
x2 1 x2
Q.  x 4  23x 2  1 dx Q.  x 4  1 dx
x2  1  x  12
Q.  x 4  7x 2  1 dx Q.
 x 4  x 2  1 dx
Q.  tan  d Q.  cot  d
Note: cos x + sin x or cos x - sin x is loving

x17 in the numerator if denominator
Q.  1  x 24 dx contains
a + sin 2x or b  sin2 x . However if
cos x + sin x or cos x - sin x
appears in denominator and sin 2x in
numerator, then manipulate differently.
cos x  sin x dx
Q.  dx Q.  cos ecx  cos x
2  sin 2x
Q. cos x cos x
 10  sin 2x dx Q.  8  sin 2x
dx
x  INTEGRATION OF IRRATIONAL
Q.  dx or   x      x  dx ALGEBRAIC FUNCTION
x
Type1
Put x = cos2
dx
x  (a)  ( x) (x )(x) ( > )
 x 
dx or
  x    x    dx
x = sec2 – tan2 (Start: x =  cos2 +  sin2)
dx 5 x
(b)  ( x )( x ) (c)  dx
x2
dx
 ( x  ) ( x  ) (x  ) (Start 2 cos2 + 5 sin2)
(Start: x =  sec2  tan2)
1 1
 L1 L2
dx Q L
dx
Working Rule : Working Rule :

Put L2 = t2 Put L1 = t2
1 1
L dx  Q1 dx
Q Q2
Working Rule Case 1 : For Q1 D>0
1 Case 2 : For Q1 D=0
Put L = Case 3 : For Q1 D<0
t
1 dx
Q.   2x  2  dx Q.   x 2  2x  2 
2x  1 x 1
dx dx
Q.   x  1 Q.   x  1 x  2 
x 2  2x  2 x 2  2x  2
dx dx
Q.   x 2  6x  9  Q. 
x 2  6x  4 x 2
2  x2  1
nth Integration n
n
Q.   cos x  dx
Q.   tan x  dx
n n
Q.  sin x  dx Q. In    sin x  dx
5I4 – 6I6 = ?
(A) sinx cos5x + C
(B) sin2x cos2x
(C) sin2x cos4x
sin 2x 
(D) 1  cos 2 2x  2cos 2x 
8
n n
Q.  sec x  dx Q.   cot x  dx

Indefinite Integration - Workbook Pattern 1

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INTEGRATION Differential of y = f (x)

Q. Antiderivative of a periodic function

  cos x  1 dx = sin x + x + C is aperiodic.

Q.  sec x tan x dx = sec x + C a sin 3 x  b cos3 x

cos ecx  tan 2 x  sin 2 x dx

Maha Shortcut Q. Find f(x) if

Q. Find f(x) if Q. find f(x) if

Methods of Integration Substitution

Start with y = f(x)

Illustrations Q. tan x sec 2 x dx

Q.  5  tan x sec 2 xdx tan x

  tan x  x  (sec x –1) dx   tan 

sin 2xdx sin 2x dx

Q.  (tanx) dx = ln |sec x| + c Q.   cot x  dx = ln |sin x| + C

sin 2x.dx Q.  (sinx – cosx). (sinx + cosx)5

Q.  secx dx = ln (secx + tanx) + C Q.  cosecx dx = l n (cosecx – cotx)

(3) Both even use T- identities to manipu Examples

Integration By Parts ILATE

Q.  sin x.n (secx + tanx) dx Q.

3 Two Classic Integrands

GENERAL CONCEPT tan x

Partial Fraction Case II :

Form Formof partial fraction (b) Denominator is repeated linear factor

(b) Denominator is quadratic in x Important Concepts

 x  1 x  2   x  3 Q. Suppose f (x) is a quadratic function

find the value of f (10).

Trigonometric Functions Examples

Note: cos x + sin x or cos x - sin x is loving

(Start: x =  sec2  tan2)

Working Rule : Working Rule :

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