Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Type I. Problems based on direct use of rules of integration and formulae for
standard integrals
Find
(4x 3
3x 2 2x 4) dx.
Q 1.
x 5 7
Find x(x 7x 9x ) dx
2 2 2
Q 2.
(1+x)3
x dx
Q 3. Find
x 4 5x 2 3
x
dx
Q 4. Find
(x 3 8)(x 1)
Q 5. Evaluate
x 2 2x 4 dx
sin 3 x cos3 x
Q 6. Find
sin 2 x cos2 x dx
Q 7. For what values of c and a is the following equation satisfied?
1
(sin 2x cos 2x) dx 2
sin(2x c) a.
Evaluate
o
sec x tan x o dx
Q 8.
1 5
Q 9. If f’(x) = x + x and f (1) = 2 , then what is f (x)?
Answers
3
x 3
x x 4 5
6 52 2 72
7. 9. c 2 x 2x 2 x x c
1. x x x 4x c
4 3 2
2. 3 4 5 3. 5 7
2 9 5
x 3
x 2 1
x 2x 6 x c
2 2
2x c sin 2x k
4. 9 5. 3 2 6. sec x cos ec x c 7. 2 4
2
180 x
sec x o c log | x | 2
8. 9. 2
Exercise
Type I. Problems based on direct use of rules of integration and formulae for
standard integrals
Find :
(x 5x 7) dx (ax bx 2 cx d) dx
2 3
Q 1. Q 2.
1 1 1 3
x x 2 dx (x 3 2x 2 x 2 ) dx
Q 3. Q 4.
2
x 2 2x 3 1
x 4 dx x x dx
Q 5. Q 6.
(x 2) 2 (x 1) (x 2)
x dx x 2 x 2 dx
Q 7. Q 8.
(ax bx c) dx (3x 4x 3 ) dx
2 2
Q 9. Q 10.
x 3 5x 2 4 x3 1
Q 11.
x 2 dx Q 12.
x 2 dx
2 1 x 3 3x 4
x 1 x 2 dx x
dx
Q 13. Q 14.
(x 1) dx (1 x)
2/3
x dx
Q 15. Q 16.
2
1
x x dx x (3x 2 2x 3) dx
Q 17. Q 18.
x3 x 2 x 1 1
x 1 dx x
x
dx
Q 19. Q 20.
1
x 2e x
3/ 2
dx
(4e 1) dx
3x
Q 21. Q 22. x
Answers
x3 x2 x4 x3 x2 x2
5, 7x c a. b. c d.x k log | x | 2x c
1. 2 2 2. 4 3 2 3. 2
3 3 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 x2
.x .x .x c 2 3 c log| x | 2x c
4. 4 3 5 5. x x x 6. 2
2 x 2 x3 x 2 x3 x2
(x 10x 45) c xc a b cx k
7. 5 8. 3 2 9. 3 2 10. x3 + x4 + c
x2 4 x2 1 x3 2 7/ 2
5x c c xc x 2x 3/ 2 8 x c
11. 2 x 12. 2 x 13. 3 14. 7
3 15/ 3 2 3/ 2 2 5/ 2 x2
x xc x x 2x 3/ 2 c log| x | 2x c
15. 5 16. 3 5 17. 2
6 7/ 2 4 5/2 x3 2 3/ 2
x x 2x 3/ 2 c xc x 2 x c
18. 7 5 19. 3 20. 3
4 3x 2 5/ 2 2 3 x
e xc x 2ex log| x | C x e c
21. 3 22. 5 23. 3 24. – cos x + sin x + c
25. 2 tan x – 3 sec x + c 26. – (cot x + cosec x) + c 27. tan x + sec x + c 28. tan x – sec x + c
cos 2x 4 3x
e c
29. tan x + cot x + c 30. 2 3 31. x2 – 3 sin x + ex + c
2 3 10 sin 2x
x 3cos x x 3/ 2 c c
32. 3 3 33. (i) 5 sin x + 4 cos x + tan x + c (ii) 2
x2
e x cos ec x c
34. tan x + 2 sec x + c 35. 7 sec x – 5 cosec x + c 36. 2
1 cos 2x
.sec(11 12x) c x c
37. 12 38. 2 39. y = sin x + tan x 40. f(x) = x4 – 6x + 3
1 129
x4 3
41. x 8
Solved Examples
TYPE I. Method of Transformation: Integration of Algebraic functions:
dx 3x 5
x x 1 7x 9
dx
Q 1. Find Q 2. Find
x2
Q 3. Evaluate (x 1) x 1 dx
Q 4.
2 dx
Evaluate 1 x
x 14
Q 5.
Evaluate: x
2
1
dx
cos Evaluate:
4 4
x dx sin 2x dx.
Q 8. Evaluate Q 9.
Q 10. Evaluate 1 cos x dx.
Q 11. Find 1 sin d .
dx dx
Q 12.
Find 1 cos x Q 13.
Evaluate 1 sin x
.
dx
Q 14.
Evaluate 1 sin x
.
Q 15. Evaluate sin 2x sin 3x dx.
Q 16. Evaluate sin 3x cos 5x dx.
Evaluate
sin x sin 2x sin 3x dx. sin x sin 2x sin 3x dx
Q 17.
x cos 2x cos 2
sin
3
x cos dx dx
Q 18. Find 2 Q 19. Evaluate cos x cos
sin x 1 sin x
Q 20.
Evaluate 1 sin x
dx
Q 21.
Evaluate 1 sin x
dx
1 sin x x4 x2 1
tan
1
1 sin x
dx 2(x 2 1) dx
Q 22. Evaluate Q 23. Evaluate
cos 5x cos 4x
Q 24. Evaluate
1 2 cos 3x
dx
e
2x 3
ax b dx dx
Q 4. (i) (ii)
x
1 2x
dx
(x 2) x 3 dx
Q 5. Q 6.
x 2 1
Q 7.
x 2 1 dx
TYPE II. Method of Transformation: Integration of trigonometric functions.
sin sin (2x 5) dx cos x dx
2 2 2
x dx
Q 8. (i) (ii) (iii)
(i) (ii)
sin 2
(2x 1)x dx sin 3
x cos3 x dx
Q 9.
tan x
Q 10. (i) tan x dx
2
(ii) cot x
dx
sec x cos ec x dx
2 2
Q 11.
Q 16. 1 cos 2x dx
Q 17. 1 sin 2x dx
Q 18. 1 sin x / 2 dx
Q 19. 1 sin kx dx
2 dx
Q 20.
(i) 1 sin 2x
dx
(ii) 1 sin 3x
1 cos x cos x
Q 21.
(i) 1 cos x
dx
(ii) 1 cos x
dx
(iii) (iv)
sin 4x cos 3x dx cos 2x cos 4x dx
x
Q 27. (i)
sin 3x sin 2 dx (ii) sin x sin 7x dx
Q 28. (i) cos x cos 2x cos 3x dx (ii)
cos 2x cos 4x cos 6x dx
sin
2
x cos 2x dx
Q 29.
1 cos 2x cos 2x
Q 30.
(i) 1 cos 2x
dx
(ii) cos
2
x sin 2 x
dx
4 5cos x 3cisx 4
(iii)
sin 2 x
dx
(iv)
sin 2 x
dx
Q 36.
x dx
Answers
3 3
2 1 3 3
[(x a) 2 (x b) 2 ] c [(x 1) (x 1) 2 ] c
2
Solved Examples
TYPE I. Substitution Method:
Integration of algebraic functions which are of the form.
(5x 3) 2x 1 dx. x ax b dx
2
Q 1. Evaluate Q 2. Find
x2 x2
x2
dx (x 1) 2
dx
Q 3. Find Q 4. Find
2 3x x2
1 3x
dx (a bx)2 dx
Q 5. Find Q 6. Evaluate
x 2 3x 1
x(1 x)
23
dx (x 1)2 dx
Q 7. Evaluate Q 8. Evaluate
x6 x2 1
dx (x 1)2 dx
Q 9. Evaluate x 1 Q 10. Evaluate:
Answers
3 3
(2x 1) .(3x 4)
2
2 (ax b) 2
2
c . 3
[15a2 x 2 12abx 8b 2 ] c x 2(3x 2 8x 32) c
1. 3 2. 105 a 3. 15
1 2 1 a2
log | x 1| c (8 3x) 1 3x c bx 2a log | a bx | c'
x 1 b a bx
4. 5. 9 6.
(1 x)24 (1 24x) 3 x2 x3 x 4 x5 x6
c x log | x 1| k x log | x 1| c
7. 600 8. x 1 9. 2 3 4 5 6
2
x 2log | x 1| c
10. x 1
Exercise
TYPE I. Substitution Method:
Integration of algebraic functions which are of the form.
Q 1. (x 2) 3x 5 dx Q 2. (x 1) x 1 dx
Q 3. (x 2) 2x 1 dx Q 4. x 2x 1 dx
x(3x 5) dx (x 2) x 3 dx
4
Q 5. Q 6.
Q 7. (x 2) 2x 3 dx Q 8. (ax 2) cx d dx
x ax b dx x (1 x) dx
2
Q 9. Q 10.
x x 2 dx (2x 3) x 2 dx
2 2
Q 11. Q 12.
x x
x 5
dx 1 2x
dx
Q 13. Q 14.
2x 1
x x 2 dx 3x 2
dx
Q 15. Q 16.
3x 5 x2
7x 9
dx x 1
dx
Q 17. Q 18.
x2 x2
1 x
dx x4
dx, x 0
Q 19. Q 20.
x2 x2
3x 4
dx x 1
dx
Q 21. Q 22.
2x 1 x 2 3x 2
(x 1)2 dx (x 2) (x 1) dx
Q 23. Q 24.
x 2 3x 1 dx
(x 1)2 dx 1 1
Q 25. Q 26. x2 x3
Answers
1 3 3
2 2 1
(9x 20) (3x 5) 2 c (x 1) 2 (3x 7) c (x 3) (2x 1) 2 c
1. 135 2. 15 3. 5
3 3
1 1 2
(3x 1) (2x 1) 2 c (3x 1) (3x 5)5 c (3x 16) (x 3) 2 c
4. 15 5. 54 6. 15
3
1 3 2 2 3
(2x 7) (2x 3) 2 c 2
(cx d) 2
(3acx 5bc 2ad) c (ax b) 2 (3ax 22b) c
7. 15 8.
15c 9. 15a 2
3
(x 1) 2 2 1 3
(x 2) 2 4 4
2(1 x) 2 (x 1) c 2(x 2) 2 (x 2) c
10. 7 5 3
11. 7 5 3
3
2 8 11 2 1
2(x 2) 2 (x 2) 2 (x 2) c (x 10) x 5 c (1 x) 1 2x c
12. 7 5 3 13. 3 14. 3
2 2 2
(x 2)3/ 2 (3x 4) c (6x 1) 3x 2 c 7x 9 (7x 17) c
15. 15 16. 27 17. 49
2 2 2
x 1 (3x 2 4x 8) c 1 x (3x 2 4c 8) c x 4 (x 8) c
18. 15 19. 15 20. 3
2 (3x 4) 2 8 (x 1) 2 2
3x 4 (3x 4) 16 c 2 x 1 (x 1) 1 c
27 5 3 5 3
21. 22.
1 1
2 log| x 1| c x log| x 1| c
23. x 1 24. x + 4 log |x 2| c 25. x 1
1 1 1
26. 2 x 3x 6x 6 log(1 x ) c
2 6 6
Solved Examples
TYPE II. Substitution method:
Find Find
3 5
cos x dx sin x dx
Q 1. Q 2.
Find Evaluate
cos 3
x sin x dx sin 3
x cos 2 dx sin 3 x cos 2 x dx
Q 3. Q 4.
dx
Q 5. Find sin x cos x dx
3 5
Q 6.
Find sin x cos
3
x
sin sin
2
x cos 2 x dx 4
x dx
Q 7. Evaluate Q 8. Evaluate
Answers
3 7
sin3 x 2 cos5 x 2 2
sin x c cos x .cos3 x c sin 2 x sin 2 x c
1. 3 2. 3 5 3. 3 7
cos3 x cos5 x cos6 x cos8 x tan2 x
c c log | tan x | c
4. 3 5 5. 6 8 6. 2
1 2 3 sin 2x sin 4x
sin 2x x c
7. 4 8. 8 4 32
Exercise
TYPE II. Substitution method:
sin cos x dx
3 5
x dx
Q 1. Q 2.
sin Q 4.
2 2 3
x cos x dx sin x cos x dx
Q 3.
3
sin Q 10.
3 3
x sin 2x dx sin x cot x dx
Q 9.
cos3 x sec
cos x tan x dx
3 sin x
dx
tan2
d
Q 11. Q 12. (i) (ii)
sin 2x dx Q 16.
3 5
cos x cos ec 2 x dx
Q 15.
dx
Q 17. cos
7
ax sin ax dx
Q 18. sin
2
x cos 2 x
dx sin 4 x
Q 19.
sin x cos 5 x
3 6 dx
Q 20. cos x
cos x dx
Q 21.
sin 5 x
dx
Q 22. 4sin 2x cos
2
x
dx
Answers
3
cos x 2 sin 5 x sin 3 x sin 3 x sin 5 x
cos x c sin x sin 3 x c c c
1. 3 2. 3 5 3. 3 4. 3 5
cos5 x cos3 x 4 74 sin 5 x sin 7 x sin 3 x 2 5 sin 7 x
c sin x c c sin x c
5. 5 3 6. 7 7. 5 7 8. 3 5 7
2 5
sin x c
9. 5 10. – cosec x – sin x + c 11. sec x + cos x+ c
sin 2 x cos3 x 4 cos 4 x
2 sin x 1 c cos5 x c c
5 3 5 4
12. (i) (ii) – cosec + c 13. 14.
cos 2x cos3 2x sin 3 x cos8 (ax)
c cos ecx 2sin x c c
15. 2 6 16. 3 17. 8a
2 4
cot x 3 tan x tan 5 x
3log| tan x | tan 2 x c c
18. tan x – cot x + c 19. 2 2 4 20. 5
3
2 1 1
cot x c 2
log| tan x | tan 2 x c
21. 3 22. 8 16 23. 2 tan x c 24. tan x – cot x – 3x + c
3x sin 2x sin 4x 1 1
c [3x sin 4x sin 8x] c
25. 8 4 32 26. 8 8
Solved Examples
TYPE III. Substitution Method:
tan cot
m
xs e c n x dx m
xcos n x dx
Integrals of the form: or
tan x sec 2 x dx, (n 1) tan
n 2
x sec 4 x dx.
Q 1. Find Q 2. Evaluate
tan x dx tan
3
x dx
Q 5. Find Q 6. Evaluate
Find Find
3 4
tan 2x sec 2x dx tan x dx.
Q 7. Q 8.
Find Find
6 4
tan x dx. cos ec x dx.
Q 9. Q 10.
tan x sec x dx Q 2.
sec 4 d
2 5
tan
Q 1.
tan x sec x dx Q 4.
4 2 6
sec x dx
Q 3.
x
sec
4
dx
sec
3
2 x tan x dx
Q 5. Q 6.
sec x tan x dx
6
Q 7.
cot x dx Q 16.
3 4
cot x dx
Q 15.
sin 2 x
(1 cos x)2 dx
Q 17.
Answers
tan x2
tan tan 6 8
tan 5 x 2 tan 5 x
c c c tan x tan 3 x c
1. 2 2. 6 8 3. 5 4. 3 5
x 1 x sec3 x tan 2 x tan 6 x tan 4 x sec6 x
2 tan 1 tan 2 c c c.or c
5. 2 3 2 6. 3 7. 2 6 2 6
x
1 sec3 2x 2 sec 4
secn x sec3 x sec 2x c 2 2 c
c c sec 7 x c
n 3 2 3 2
8. (i) (ii) (iii) 9. 7 10.
4 n 1 3
sec x cot 2
sec2 x log| sec x | c c cot 2 x c
11. 4 12. n 1 13. 3 14. – log | cosec x| + c
cos ec 2 x cot 3 x x
log| cos ec x | c x cot x c 2 tan xc
15. 2 16. 3 17. 2
Solved Examples
TYPE IV. Substitution Method:
Problems based on tanx dx, cotx dx, s e cx dx, and cos e c x dx.
dx dx
1 cos 2x 1 cos x
Q 1. Find Q 2. Find
dx
Q 3.
Find sin x cos x Q 4. Evaluate tan x tan 2x tan 3x dx
sin x
1 2 tan x(tan x sec x) dx sin(x ) dx
Q 5. Q 6. Evaluate
dx dx
sin(x ) sin (x ) cos(x a) cos (x b)
Q 7. Evaluate Q 8. Evaluate
sin(x ) 1
sin(x ) dx 5cos 12sin x dx
Q 9. Evaluate: Q 10. Evaluate:
dx sin x
1 sin x 1 sin x
dx
Q 11. Evaluate Q 12. Evaluate
Answers
1 x 1
log | sec x tan x | c 2 log tan c log sec x tan x c
1. 2 2. 4 3. 2 4 4
1 1
log | sec 3x | log | sec x | log | sec 2x | c
4. 3 2 5. log | sec x(sec x tan x) | c
1 sin(x )
log c
6. (x )cos sin log | sin(x ) | c 7. sin( ) sin(x )
1 sec(x b)
log c
8. sin(a b) sec(x a) 9. x cos 2 sin 2 log | sin(x ) | c
1 x x
log | cos ec (x ) cot(x ) | c 2 log sec tan c
10. 13 11. 4 2 4 2
x x x
2 2 sin 2 log sec tan c
12. 2 4 4 2 4 2
Exercise
Problems based on tanx dx, cotx dx, s e cx dx, and cos e c x dx.
Find :
1 cos 2x dx
1 cos 2x
dx 1 cos 2x
Q 1. Q 2.
dx
1 cos x sec(ax b) dx
Q 3. Q 4.
dx
Q 5. cos ec(2x 3) dx
Q 6. cos x sin x
dx 1 cos x
Q 7.
cos x sin 2
x Q 8.
sin x
dx
dx dx
3 cos x sin x
Q 9. Q 10. a sin x b sin x
dx sec x
Q 11.
sin x cos x
Q 12. b a sin x
dx
dx
tan 2x tan 5x tan 7x dx sex cos ec x
Q 13. Q 14.
dx dx
Q 15.
sin x tan x Q 16.
sin x cos 2
x
dx sin x
13 5cos x 12sin x sin(x a) dx
Q 17. Q 18.
cos x
tan(x ) tan 2x tan(x ) dx 1 cos x
dx
Q 19. Q 20.
dx sin x
cos x cos(x ) sin(x ) sin(x ) dx
Q 21. Q 22.
dx
cos (x a) cos(x b) dx
Q 23.
Answers
1 x 1 x x
.log tan c log sec tan c
1. log |sec x| + c 2. 2 2 3. 2 2 2
1 1 3
log tan x c
4. a . log | tan (ax + b) + sec (ax + b) + c 5.
2 2
1
log sec x tan x c
6. 2 4 4 7. – cosec x + log |sec x + tan x| + c
x 1
log tan log | sin x | c log sec x tan x c
8. 2 9.
2 6 6
1 x 1 a 1
log tan tan 1 c log sec x tan x c
10. a b
2 2
2 2 b 11. 2 4 4
1 x 1 a 1 1 1
log tan tan 1 c
12. a 2 b2 2 2 b 13. 7 log |sec 7x| – 2 log |sec 2x+ – 5 log |sec 5x| + c
1 1 3 x 1 x 1 x
cos x sin x log tan c log tan tan 2 c
2 2 8 2
14. 15. 2 2 4 2
x 2 x x 5
sec x log tan c log sec tan c, where cos 1
16. 2 17. 26 2 2 13
1
18. x cos a – sin a log |sin (x + ) + c 19. 2 log |sec 2x| – log |sec (x – | – log |sec (x + ) + c
x x x
2 2 sin 2 log sec tan c
20. 2 2 2 21. x cos + log| sin (x – )| + c 22. log |sin2 x – sin2 | + c
sec(x b)
cos ec (b a) log c
23.
sec(x a)
Solved Examples
TYPE V. Substitution Method:
Problems in which integrand contains any expression of the form sin , cos
, tan , cot , sec , cosec , where is a function of x
sin x
x
dx
x cos ec x
2
cot x 2 dx
Q 1. Find Q 2. Evaluate
cot (log x) e x (1 x)
x dx 2 x dx
Q 3. Q 4. Find cos (xe )
sin x 1
x 1
dx
x
2
sec x 3 dx
Q 5. Q 6.
1 4
x (x 1) cos(x 3 3x 2x) dx
2
3
sin(x ) dx
3
Q 7. Q 8.
cos(log x) sec 2 (log x) cos ec 2 (log x)
Q 9.
x e dx Q 10. (i)
x dx (ii)
x
dx
Answers
1 1
cos c sin c
1. 2 sin x + c 2. x 3. x 4. sin(ex + 2) + c 5. 2 cos x 1 c
4
1 3 1
log | sex 3 tan x 3 | c cos(x) 3 c sin(x 3 3x 2) c
6. 3 7. 4 8. 3 9. sin (log x) + c
1
cos(2 3log x) c
10. (i) tan (log x) + c (ii) – cot (log x) + c 11. 3 12. tan
2
x c
13. tan (log x) + c 14. sec (ex) + c 15. 2 tan( x 1) c 16. – cos (x2 + 1) + c
17. cos(cos x) + c 18. – cos (xex ) + c 19. 2sin(x – 3) + c 20. tan(2 + log x) + c
2 3 1
sin ax b c cos(3 2 log x) cos(9 6 log x) c
21. a 22. 8 24 23. – cos (tan–1 x) + c
1
cos(tan 1 x 4 ) c
24. 3
Solved Examples
TYPE VI. Substitution method:
Integral of functions when integrand is the product of two functions such
that one of them is a function of a function (x) and other is k ’ (x), where k
is constant, i.e., if integrand is of the form kf ( (x)). ’ (x).
cos x
(1 cos x)
2
sin x dx 1 sinx
dx
Q 1. Evaluate Q 2. Evaluate
sin 2x
Q 3. Evaluate 2 sin 3t cos 3t dx
Q 4.
Evaluate a
2
b 2 sin 2 x
dx
sin x
Q 5.
Evaluate 1 cos
2
x
dx
Q 6. Evaluate (tan x x) tan
2
x dx
x3 x5
x4 1
dx 1 x3
dx
Q 7. Q 8. Evaluate
(1 log x) 2
e 2x
Q 9. Evaluate
x
dx
Q 10.
1 e x dx
(sin 1 x)3 ea tan x
1
1 x2
dx
2 dx
Q 11. Evaluate Q 12. Evaluate 1 x
x dx
x 2
dx
dx
Evaluate 1 e
x
Q 13. Evaluate Q 14.
dx e 2x 1
Q 16. Evaluate e e
x x 2x dx
Q 17. Evaluate e 1
dx 1 x 1x
x 2 e dx
1
Q 18. Evaluate 1 cot x Q 19. Evaluate
x 1 1
log x x(x 1) dx
Evaluate
x 13/ 2
1 x 5/ 2 dx
Q 20. Evaluate Q 21.
1 x sec 2 x tan x
Q 22. Evaluate:
1 x
dx 2 dx
Q 23. Evaluate sec tan x
dx 1 2x sin x cos x
x 2
(x 4 1)3/ 4
dx x(1 cos x) dx
Q 24. Evaluate Q 25. Evaluate
dx
4
(x 1) .(x 2)
3 5
sin 2x
dx
Q 26. Evaluate Q 27. Evaluate a
2
cos x b 2 sin 2 x
2
2x tan 1 x 2 ax
1 x 4 dx 1 a 2x
dx
Q 28. Evaluate Q 29. Evaluate
Answers
(1 cos x)6 2 3
1
c (2 sin3t) 2 c log | a2 b2 sin2 x | c
2. 2 1 sin x c
2
1. 6 3. 9 4. b
(tan x x)2 x4 1 2
1 c c 1 x 3 (x 3 2) c
5. tan (cos x) c 6. 2 7. 2 8. 9
(1 log x)
3
(sin1 x)4 1 a tan1 x
c c e c
10. e log | 1 e | c
x x
9. 3 11. 4 12. a
1 1
1 x x log | cos x sin x | c
16. tan (e ) c
x x
17. log(e e ) c 18. 2 2 19. e
x 1/ x
c
2
1 x 1 4 z7 z5 z3
log c 2. c
2 x 57 5 3 1
22. sin x 1 x c
2
20. 21.
1 (1 x 4 )1/ 4
log(sec 2 x tan2 x) c c
23. 4 24. x 25. log | x | 2 2log | 1 cos x | c
1/ 4
4 x 1 1 (tan1 x 2 )2 1
c log | z | c c sin1(a x ) c
26. 3 x 2 27. b a 29. loge a
2 2
28. 2
Exercise
TYPE VI. Substitution method:
Integral of functions when integrand is the product of two functions such
that one of them is a function of a function (x) and other is k ’ (x), where k
is constant, i.e., if integrand is of the form kf ( (x)). ’ (x).
Evaluate:
cos x sin x
(1 sin x) 2
dx
1 cos x dx
Q 1. Q 2.
sin x 1 cos x
(1 cos x) 2
dx 3
x sin x
dx
Q 3. Q 4.
2
sec x sin x
1 tan x
dx
a b cos x dx
Q 5. Q 6.
cos x
Q 7.
(i) 1 sin
2
x
dx
(ii) cos 6x 1 sin 6x dx
sec 2 x dx
1 tan 2 x
dx cos 2
x(1 tan x) 2
dx
Q 9. (i) (ii)
cos 2x cos x sin x
(cos x sin x) 2
dx
1 sin 2x
dx
Q 10. (i) (ii)
(i) (ii)
(cot x x) cot x dx 2
sin 2x cos 2x dx
Q 11.
(i) (ii)
(2x 3) x 2 3x dx (4x 2) x 2 x 1 dx
Q 13.
Q 14. (4x 2) 4x 2 6x 1 dx
Q 15. (i) x 1 x 2 dx
(ii) x 1 2x 2 dx
3x 1
3x 2 2x 7
dx
(x 1) x 2 2 x dx
Q 16. Q 17.
2 ax b 2x
Q 18.
(i) ax
2
bx c
x dx
(ii) 1 x
2
dx
2ax b
5
dx
x(1 3x ) 2 dx
2
Q 19. ax bx c
2
Q 20.
x2
5
dx
x(1 3x
2 2
) dx
(ii) (2x 3x )
3 3
Q 21. (i)
x x
a2 x2
dx a2 x2
dx
Q 22. Q 23.
x
(ax 2
b) p
dx, p 1
Q 24.
(i) (ii)
x 3
x 2 5 dx x 2
a 3 x 3 dx
Q 25.
x
Q 26. (i) (x 1) x dx
3 1/ 3 5
(ii) 9 4x
2
dx
x3
x3
dx 3
dx
Q 27. x2 3 Q 28. (x a )
2 2 2
(log x) 2
Q 29.
x dx
1 dx
x log e x dx x(log x) m
,x 0
Q 30. (i) (ii)
dx
x log e x
dx
Q 31.
dx dx
x(1 log x) 2
dx x x log x
Q 32. e (ii)
tan x
log e cos x
dx
Q 33.
cot x
cot x log e sin x dx log sin x dx
Q 34. (i) (ii)
1 ex
x log x log (log x) dx 1 e x dx
Q 35. Q 36.
ex ex
e x 2 dx (3 ex )2 dx
Q 37. Q 38.
e
tan x
sec2 x dx
Q 39.
ex ex e 2x e 2x
x x dx
Q 40. (i) e e
2x 2x dx
(ii) e e
x
Q 41. (i)
xe x2
dx
(ii) e
x2
dx
(tan 1 x) 2 e x sin x
Q 42.
1 x 2 dx Q 43.
ex cos x dx
1
dx esin x
(1 x)2 tan 1 x dx 1 x2
dx
Q 44. Q 45.
1 x 2 tan 1 (x 3 )
1 x 2 cos 1 x dx 1 x 6 dx
Q 46. Q 47.
(i) (ii)
(2x 4) x 2 4x 3 dx (2x 1) x 2 x 1 dx
Q 48.
1 x 2 x 1x dx
x 2 e dx x x
Q 49. Q 50.
x tan 2 x sec 2 x
(x 2 2)1/ 3 dx 1 tan 6 x dx
Q 51. Q 52.
dx e 2x
x log x[log(log x)] 4 e 1x
dx
Q 53. Q 54.
dx
x sin x
2
dx x x 2n a 2n
Q 55. Q 56.
x3
(1 x 2 )2 dx x (1 x
3 2 5/ 2
) dx
Q 57. Q 58.
sin 2x
Q 59. sec x 1 dx
Q 60.
sin x cos
4 4
x
dx
x e 1 e x 1 1 cos
Q 61. (i)
ee e x dx
(ii) sin
d
dx dx
3
(x 1) 2 (x 1) 4 1 x 2 log(x 1 x 2 )
Q 74. Q 75.
dx
[f (ax b)] f '(ax b) dx
n
sin 3 x sin(x )
Q 76. Q 77.
Answers
2
1 1 3
c c (x sin x) 3 c
1. 1 sin x 2. – log |a + cos x| + c 3. 1 cos x 4. 2
1 3
.log | a b cos x | c
5. 2 1 tan x c 7. (i) tan–1 (sin x) + c (ii) 19(1 sin 6x) c
2
6. b
1 1
c
8. (i) log |sin x – cos x| + c (ii) 2 log |6 cos x + 4 sin x| + c 9. (i) sin–1 (tan x ) + c (ii) 1 tan x
1 1 (x cot x) 2 1 3/ 2
log(1 sin 2x) c c c sin (2x) c
10. (i) 2 (ii) cos x sin x 11. (i) 2 (ii) 3
3
1 (a b cos x) n 1 2 2 3
4 2 (4x 2 6x 1) 2
. c (x 3x) 2 c (x x 1)3/ 2 c c
12. b n 1 13. (i) 3 (ii) 3 14. 3
3 3
1 1 1 2
(1 x 2 ) 2 c (1 2x 2 )3/ 2 c (x 2x) 2
c
15. (i) 3 (ii) 6 16. 3x 2 2x 7 c 17. 3
7
1
(a 3x ) c
2 2
19. 2 ax bx c k
2
18. (i) log |ax2 + bx + c| + k (ii) log (1 + x2) + c 20. 21
1 1
.log | x 3 1| c c
18(2 3x 2 ) 2 22. a x c a2 x2 c
2 2
21. (i) 3 (ii) 23.
(ax 2 b)1p 1 3
2 3 3
c (3x 2 10)(x 2 5) 2 c (a x 3 ) 2 c
24. 2a(1 p) 25. (i) 15 (ii) 9
1 3 1 1 2
(x 1)1/ 4 (4x 3 3) c log | 9 4x 2 | c x 3(x 2 6) c
26. (i) 28 (ii) 8 27. 3
x 2 2a 2 (log e x)3 1
c c m 1
c
28. x2 a2 29. 3 30. (i) log |loge x| + c (ii) (1 m)(l, ogx)
1
c
2 log e x c 1 log x
31. 32. (i) e (ii) log |1 + log x| + c 33. – log |loge (cos x)| + c
[log e (sin x)]2
c
34. (i) 2 (ii) log |log (sin x)| + c 35. log |log (log x)| + c 36. log (1 + ex) + c
1
c
38. 3 e
x
37. log |(ex + 2) + c 39. etan x + c
2
1 2x
2
1 ex
log(e 2x e 2x ) c c e c
x –x
40. (i) log (e + e ) + c (ii) 2 41. (i) 2 (ii) 2
(tan 1 x)3
c 1
Solved Examples
TYPE VII. Category II. When integrand involves expression of the form a2 + x2
2 2
or a + x
dx dx
a2 x2
Evaluate a x
2 2
Q 6. Q 7. Evaluate
dx
a2 x2
Q 8. Evaluate
dx
y 3
dx dx
Q 10. Evaluate 1 e
x
Q 11. Evaluate e e
x x
TYPE VII. Category III. When integrand involves expression of the form
x2 - a 2
dx dx
x2 a2
x x4 1
Q 12. Evaluate Q 13. Evaluate
ex
e2x 4
dx
Q 14. Evaluate
TYPE VII. Category IV. When integrand involves expression of the form
a-x a+x
or
a+x a-x
1 x 1 x
1 x
dx 1 x
dx
Q 15. Evaluate Q 16. Evaluate
TYPE VII. Category V. When integrand involves expression of the form :
- + - -
, , , , , , ( - ) ( - )
- + - -
x dx
1 x
dx (x 1)(b x)
Q 17. Evaluate Q 18. Evaluate
Answers
x a2 x x 2 1 x (sin1 x)4
sin1 c sin1 a x2 c 2
. c c
a a a x
2 2
1. 2. 2 a 2 3. 4. 4
1 x tan1(x 4 )
1 tan1 c c
5. sin (e ) c 7. log(x a x ) k
x 2 2
6. a a 8. 4
1
1
10. x log(1 e ) c 11. tan (e ) c 12. log | x x a | c
x x 2 2
9. 2
1
sec 1(x 2 ) c
14. log(e e 4) c
x 2x 1
15. cos x 1 x c
2
13. 2
2x a b
cos 1 c
1
16. 2 1 x cos x 1 x. x c 17. sin
1
x x 1 x c 18. ab
Exercise
TYPE VII. Category I. When integrand involves expression of the form
a2 - x2
Evaluate :
dx
1 x 2 dx 1 x2
Q 1. Q 2.
dx 1 x2
x 2
a2 x2
1 x2
dx
Q 3. Q 4.
2x x2
1 x 4 dx 1 x6
dx
Q 5. Q 6.
dx cos x dx
4x 2 4 sin x2
dx x ax x 2
Q 7. (i) (ii) (iii)
TYPE VII. Category II. When integrand involves expression of the form a2 + x2
dx x 1
9 x2 1 x2
dx
Q 8. Q 9.
x x5
Q 10.
1 x4
dx 12 dx [Hint: Put x6 = tan ]
Q 11. 1 x
dx dx
x 2
1 x [Hint: Put x = tan ]
2
Q 13. 1 e
2x
Q 12. [Hint: Put ex = tan ]
e 2x ex 1
1 e4x dx
x
dx
Q 14. Hint: Put e2x = tan ] Q 15. e x
1 [Hint : Put e 2
= tan ]
TYPE VII. Category III. When integrand involves expression of the form
x2 - a 2
x3
x
dx 3
dx
Q 16. x2 1 Q 17. (x a )
2 2 2
ex dx
e 92x
dx e 2x 1 [Hint : ex = sec ]
Q 18. [Hint: Put ex = 3 sec ] Q 19.
TYPE VII. Category IV. When integrand involves expression of the form
a-x a+x
or
a+x a-x
ax 1 x
Q 20.
ax
dx
Q 21.
1 x
dx
Answers
1 1 a2 x2 3 1 x
(sin 1 x x 1 x 2 ) c 2 c sin x 1 x2 c
1. 2 2. sin–1 x + c 3. a x 4. 2 2
1 1 3 x sin x 2 ax
sin (x ) c sin 1 c sin 1 c c
5. sin–1 (x2) + c 6. 3 7. (i) 2 (ii) 2 (iii) a x
1 1 x 1 1
tan c tan 1 (x 2 ) c tan 1 (x 6 ) c
8. 3 3 9.
1 x 2 log(x 1 x 2 ) c 10. 2 11. 6
1 x2 1 1
c x log(1 e 2x ) c tan 1 (e 2x ) c
12. x 13. 2 14. 2
1 ex x 2 2a 3
c 2log(1 e ) x c
x
2 log x / 2 c
15. e 16. sec–1 x+ c 17. x2 a2
x a2 x2
a cos 1 c
log(e x e 2x 9) c a a
18. 19. sec–1 (ex) + c 20.
1
21. cos x 1 x c
2
Solved Examples
TYPE I. Some Problems Integration by Partial Fractions :
xe x sin 3x dx.
x
dx
Q 1. Evaluate Q 2. Evaluate
x x
2 2
sin x dx cos 2 x dx
Q 5. Evaluate Q 6. Evaluate
Q 7. Evaluate cos x dx
Q 8. Evaluate (5x 3) 2x 1 dx.
(log x) x log(x 1) dx
2
dx
Q 11. Evaluate Q 12. Evaluate
sin sec
1 1
x dx x dx
Q 13. Evaluate Q 14. Evaluate
x sin 1 x
dx
Evaluate
1
x tan x dx 1 x2
Q 15. Q 16. Evaluate
sec a 2 x 2 dx.
3
x dx.
Q 17. Evaluate Q 18. Evaluate
Evaluate Evaluate
x 2 a 2 dx 4 x 2 dx
Q 19. Q 20.
Evaluate Evaluate
x ax
e cos 3x dx. e sin bx dx.
Q 21. Q 22.
Evaluate Evaluate
3 x2
sin(log x) dx. xe dx.
Q 23. Q 24.
1 sin x
Q 25.
Evaluate 1 cos x
dx.
Q 26. Evaluate: (1 x) log x dx.
x tan 1 x
x
2
log(1 x) dx. (1 x 2 )3/ 2 x dx.
Q 27. Evaluate Q 28. Evaluate
sin 1 x log x
x 2 dx. (1 x)3 dx
Q 29. Evaluate Q 30. Evaluate
x2 cos x sin x
(x sin x cos x) 2 dx cos 2x.log cos x sin x dx
Q 31. Evaluate Q 32. Find
m tan 1 x
e
(1 x 2 3/ 2
)
dx
sin
1
x dx
Q 33. Evaluate Q 34. Evaluate
sin 1 x cos 1 x x
1 x cos1 x sin
1
ax
dx
Q 35. Evaluate sin Q 36. Evaluate
x
e tan (e ) dx
x 1 x
log(1 cos x) x tan 2 dx
Q 37. Evaluate Q 38. Evaluate
2x 2
sin
1
2 dx
Q 39. Evaluate log 1 x 1 x ) dx Q 40. Evaluate 4x 8x 13
log x.sin
1
x dx
Q 41.
Answers
x cos 3x sin 3x x cos 5x sin5x x cos x sin x
c c
1. xe e c
x x
2. 3 9 3. 10 50 2 2
x2 x 1
sin 2x cos 2x c
5. x cos x 2x sin x 2 cos x c
2
4. 4 4 8
3
x 3 x 2 sin 2x x cos 2x 1 1
sin 2x c (2x 1) 2 (3x 4) c
6. 6 4 4 8 7. 2 x sin x 2 cos x c 8. 3
xn 1 xn1
log x c
10. x log x x c 11. x(log x) 2x log x 2x c
2
9. n 1 (n 1)2
x2 (x 1)2 1
log(x 1) x log | x 1| c 1
13. x sin x 1 x c
2
12. 2 4 2
x2 x tan1 x
1 tan1 x c 1
14. x sec x x 1 c 15. 2 2 2 16. 1 x sin x x c
2
sec x tan x 1 x a 2 x 2 a2
log | sec x tan x | c log(x a2 x 2 ) c
17. 2 2 18. 2 2
x x 2 a2 a2 x 4 x2 x
log | x x 2 a2 | k 2 sin1 c
19. 2 2 20. 2 2
ex eax x
(cos 3x 3 sin3x) c (a sinbx b cosbx) c [sin(log x) cos(log x)] c
22. a b
2 2
21. 10 23. 2
1 2 x 2 1 x2 x x2 x2
x e e c x tan c x log x x c
2 4
24. 2 2 25. 2 26.
x3 1 x3 x2 1 x
log(1 x) x log(1 x) c tan1 x. c
3 3 3 2 1 x2 1 x2
27. 28.
sin1 x 1 1 x2 1 log 1 x 1
log c log c
x x x 2 (1 x)2
2 1 x 2(1 x)
29. 30.
x sec x sin 2x cos x sin x log | sec 2x |
tan x c log c
31. x sin x cos x 32. 2 cos x sin x 2
1
em tan x (m x) 1
c x sin1 x [sin1 x x 1 x] c
33. (m 1) x 1
2 2
34. 2
4 x a x x
1 1 a tan1 c
x sin1 x sin 1 x x 1 x x c
a a a
35. 2 2 36.
1 x
e x tan1(e x ) x log(1 e 2x ) c x log2 2x log cos c
37. 2 38. 2
3 2x 2 2x 2 3
1 1 1 tan1 log c
x log( 1 x 1 x ) sin x x c 2 3 3 (4x 2
8x 13)
39. 2 2 40.
1 1 x2
(x log x x) sin1 x 1 x 2 log x log c
x
41.
Solved Examples
TYPE I. Some Problems Integration by Partial Fractions :
Evaluate the following:
xe dx x cos x dx
2x
Q 1. Q 2.
Q 3. x sin 2x dx Q 4. x sin x dx
Q 5. x cos 2x dx Q 6. x cos(2x 3) dx
Q 7. (x 1) cos x dx Q 8. x sin x cos x dx
Q 9. x sin 2x cos 2x dx Q 10. x cos x cos 2x dx
Q 11. x sin x sin 2x dx Q 12. x sin 2x cos x dx
Q 13. x sin 5x cos 6x dx Q 14. x cos 2x cos 3x dx
Q 15. x cos ax cos bx dx Q 16. x sin x sin 3x dx
x sin 2x sin 3x dx x sec x dx
2
Q 17. Q 18.
x
Q 19. x sec 2x dx
2
Q 20.
1 cos x dx
Q 21. x tan x sec x dx
2 2
x tan x dx
Q 22.
Q 25. x sin x dx
2 3
x cos ax dx
Q 26.
Q 27. x cos 2x dx
2 2
x cos x dx
Q 28.
Q 29. x sin x dx
2 2 2
x sin 2x dx
Q 30.
Q 31. x sin x dx
3 2
sin x dx
Q 32.
Q 33. (ax b) cx d dx
(x 2) 2x 3 dx
Q 34.
Q 37. log x dx
10
(v) (vi)
x log 2x dx log(2 x 2
) dx
log (log x)
Q 39.
x
dx
Q 40. x (log x) dx
2 2
x (log x) cos x dx
2 1
dx
Q 41. Q 42.
tan x dx sec x dx
1 1
Q 43. Q 44.
1 x 2
2x
cos sin
1 1
dx dx
Q 45. (i) 1 x2 (ii) 1 x2
x cos 1 x
1 x2
dx
x
2
sin x dx
Q 46. Q 47.
cos ec x dx e
3 ax
cos bx dx
Q 48. Q 49.
(i) (ii)
x x
e cos x dx e sin x dx
Q 50.
(i) (ii)
x 2x
e sin x dx e sin x dx
Q 51.
cos 1 x
Q 52.
x 2 dx Q 53. x2
x
dx
log x
Q 54.
x2
dx
Q 55. e sin 2x dx
sin x
x e x e x cos x dx
2 3x 2 x 1
dx dx
Q 56. (i) (ii) Q 57.
1 x
tan
1
dx
Q 61. 1 x
Answers
2x
e x cos 2x sin 2x
(2x 1) c c
1. 4 2. x sin x + cos x + c 3. 2 4 4. – x cos x sin x + c
x sin 2x cos 2x x sin(2x 3) cos(2x 3)
c c
5. 2 4 6. 2 4 7. (x + 1) sin x + cos x + c
sin 2x x cos 2x 1 1 x sin 3x cos 3x
c (sin 4x 4x cos 4) c x sin x cos x c
8. 8 4 9. 32 10. 2 3 9
1 sin 3x x cos x sin 3x x cos 3x sin x x cos x
x sin x cos x x c c
11. 2 3 2 12. 18 6 2 2
1 x cos11x sin11x 1 x sin 5x cos 5x
x cos x sin x c x sin x cos x c
13. 2 11 121 14. 2 5 25
1 sin(a b)x x cos(a b)x sin(a b)x x cos(a b)x
2 (a b) 2 a b
(a b) 2
a b c
15.
1 cos 2x x sin 4x cos 4x 1 x sin 5x cos 5x
x sin 2x c x sin x cos x c
16. 4 2 2 8 17. 2 5 25
x 1 x x
tan 2x log | cos 2x | c x tan 2 log sec c
18. x tan x – log |sec x| + c 19. 2 4 20. 2 2
2
x 1 1 x
x tan x log | sec x | c x tanh 2x tan x c
21. 2 22. 2 2 2
1 2 1 1 2 x cos 4x
(x x sin 2x cos 2x) c x sin 4x c
23. 4 2 24. 16 2 8
1 a 2 x 2 ax sin 2ax cos 2ax 3 3 x 3x
c
a 2 4 4 8 x cos x sin x cos 3x sin c
25. 26. 4 4 12 36
x2 x cos 2x sin 2x
sin 2x c
27. x2 + sin x + 2x cos x – 2 sin x + c 28. 2 2 4
x2 x sin 2x cos 2x x 3 x 2 sin 2x x cos 2x sin 2x
cos 2x c c
29. 2 2 4 30. 6 4 4 8
1
(sin x 2 x cos x 2 ) c
31. 2(sin x x cos x ) c 32. 2
2 3
1 2
(2x 3) 3 (3x 7) c 2
(cx d) 2
(3cax 5bc 2ad) k
33. 15 34. 15c
2 3
1 2b b2 x3 1 x2 x2
(ax b) 2
7 (ax b) 2
(ax b) c log x c
a2 5 3 log x c
35. 36. (i) 3 3 (ii) 2 4
37. log10e (x log x x) + c 38. (i) x log (x + 1) + log (x + 1) – x + c
x2 1 1 x2 1
(log x) log x 2 c
2
log(1 x 2 ) (1 x 2 ) log(1 x 2 ) c
(ii) 2 2 2 (iii) 2
x3 x3 x2 x
x log x xc (2 log 2x 1) c
3 9
(iv) (v) 4 (vi) x log (2 + x2) – 2x + 2 2 tan–1 2 +c
x3
[9( log x) 2 6 log x 2] c
39. log x [log(log x) – 1] + c 40. 27
2 32 1
x [9(log x) 2 12 log x 8] c 1
x tan 1 x log(1 x 2 ) c
42. x cos x 1 x c
2
41. 27 43. 2
1 1
44. x sec x log | x x 11 c 45. (i) 2x tan x log(1 x ) c (ii) 2x tan–1 x – log (1 + x2) + c
2 2
x 3 sin 1 x 1 1
1
1 x 2 (1 x 2 )3/ 2 c
46. x 1 x cos x c
2
47. 3 3 9
1 x 1 e ax
log tan cos ec x cot x c (a cos bx b sin bx) c
48. 2 2 2 49. a b
2 2
e x e 2x
(sin x cos x) c (2sin x cos x) c
50. (i) 2 (ii) 5
cos 1 x 1 1 x2
e x e 2x log c
(sin x cos x) c (2sin x cos x) c x x
51. (i) 2 (ii) 5 52.
x x
2 2 2 log x
x. c c
53. log 2 (log 2) 2 54. x 55. 2 (sin x – 1)e – sin x + c
x 2 3x 2 3x 2 3x
e xe e c
(ii) e (x 2x 2) c
x 2
56. (i) 3 9 27
x2 1 1 1
cos 1 x x 1 x 2 log | x 1 x 2 | sin 1 x c
57. 2 4 4 2
x2 1 1 1
sin 1 x x 1 x 2 log\ x 1 x 2 | sin 1 x c
58. 9 4 4 2
1 1 1
59. (i) x(sin x) 2 1 x sin x 2x c (ii) 3x sin x 3 1 x c
2 2 2
3/ 2
1 1 1 x 1 x
1 2 2 3log 1 x 2 c cos 1 x 1 x2 c x cot c
60.
9 x 61. 2 2 62. 2
Solved Examples
e
x
[f( x)+ f'( x) ]dx = e x f( x)
TYPE II. Problems based on formula :
e x (1 sin x)
Q 1. Evaluate e
x
(tan x sec x) dx 2
Q 2. Evaluate
1 cos x dx.
x x 1
2
3
e x dx xe x
(1 x)2 dx
Q 3. Evaluate (x 2 1) 2
Q 4. Evaluate
1 1 (x 2 1)e x
log x (log x)2 dx (x 1)2 dx
Q 5. Evaluate Q 6. Evaluate
2
x 1 x x x2
(x 1)3 e dx e x 4 dx
Q 7. Evaluate Q 8. Evaluate
log x 1
(1 log x) dx 2 log(log x) (log x) 2 dx
Q 9. Evaluate Q 10. Evaluate
x
e sin x
e 2
1 sin x
Q 11.
Evaluate cos
2
x
(x cos3 x sin x) dx
Q 12. Evaluate
1 cos x
dx
Answers
x ex ex x
e tan c
x c c c
1. e tan x c 5. log x
x
2. 2 3. x 1
2
4. 1 x
x 1 x
x
e xe x
ex c c c c
6. x 1 7. (x 1)2
8. x 4 9. 1 log x
1 x
x
x log(loge x) c e
2
sec c
loge x sin x
(x sec x) c
10. 11. e 12. 2
Exercise
e
x
[f( x)+ f'( x) ]dx = e x f( x)
TYPE II. Problems based on formula :
Evaluate the following:
e x (1 x log x) 1 1
e tan x
x
dx dx
Q 1. x Q 2. 1 x2
1 sin x
e
x
dx
e (sin x cos x) dx
x
Q 3. Q 4. 1 cos x
1 x (1 x) 2
e e
x
x
dx dx
Q 5. (2 x) 2 Q 6. (1 x 2 ) 2
e (x x 1)
x 3
3
dx
Q 7. (1 x ) 2 2
(i) (ii)
[tan(log x) sec (log x)]dx 2
e [sec x log(sec x tan x)]dx
x
Q 14.
e x (1 x) 2 e x (x 3 x 2) xe 2x
(1 x)2 dx (1 x 2 )2 dx (1 2x)2 dx
Q 15. (i) (ii) (iii)
tan 1x x 1
e 1 1 x 2 dx x [x (log x)
2
2 log x]e x dx
Q 16. Q 17.
Answers
x ex
e x cot c c
1. e log x c
x 1
2. e .tan x c 3. e sin x c
x x
4. 2 5. x 2
x
ex xe
c c
7. 1 x
2
6. 1 x
2
8. (i) –ex log cos x+ c (ii) ex cot x + c (iii) ex log sec x + c
(iv) ex tan x + c (v) ex cot x + c (vi) ex log sin x + c (vii) ex sec x + c
ex ex e 2x ex ex
c c c c c
(iv) (x 1)
2
(v) 1 x
2
9. ex sin–1 x + c 10. (i) x (ii) x (iii) 4x
11. – ex cot x + c 12. ex tan x + c 13. e2x cos x + c
14. (i) x tan (log x + c) (ii) ex log (sec x + tan x) + c
x 3 x x 1 e 2x
x
e c e 2 c c
1 x x 1 (iii) 4(1 2x)
tan 1 x
15. (i) (ii) 16. xe c 17. ex (log x)2
Solved Examples
TYPE III. Category I. Integrals of some rational and irrational functions.
dx
Evaluate
1 2x x 2 2x 2 3x 4 dx
Q 1. Evaluate Q 2.
dx ex
5 4e x e 2x
Evaluate 9x 6x 5
2
Q 3. Q 4. Evaluate
TYPE III. Category II. Problems based on integrals of the form:
x 1 2x 1
2x x 3
2
dx
2
4x 3
dx
Q 5. Evaluate Q 6. Evaluate : 2x
2sin 2 cos
6 cos 2
4sin
dx
(2x 5) x 2 4x 3 dx
Q 7. Evaluate Q 8. Evaluate:
x2 3x 2 2x 1
Q 9.
2
Evaluate: x 6x 12
dx
Q 10. Evaluate
x 2 x 1 dx
Answers
4x 3 23 4x 3 2x 2 3x 4
1 x
1 2x 2 3x 4 log c
sin c 8 16 2 4 2
1. 2 2.
1 3x 1 ex 2 1 3 1 2x 2 x 3
tan1 sin1 c 2x 2 x 3 log x c
c 3 2 4 2 4 2
3. 3 2 2 4. 5.
5
x 1
1 1 2 c
log | 2x 2 4x 3 | log
2 2 10 5
x 1 1
7. 2log | sin 4 sin 5 | 7 tan (sin 2) c
2
6. 2
2 2 1 1
(x 4x 3)3 / 2 (x 2) x 2 4x 3 log x 2 x 2 4x 3 c
8. 3 2 2
6 x 3 1 2x 1
x 3log | x 2 6x 12 | tan 1 c 3x log(x 2 x 1) 3 tan1 k
9. 3 3 10. 2 3
Exercise
TYPE III. Category I. Integrals of some rational and irrational functions.
Evaluate the following:
dx dx
1 4x 2
9 25x 2
Q 1. (i) (ii)
dx dx
x 3x 4
2 2ax x 2
Q 2. (i) (ii)
dx
3x 4x 1 dx
2 x 2 3x 2
Q 3. Q 4.
dx dx
10 8x 2x 2
4 2x 2x 2
Q 5. Q 6.
dx dx
16 2x 2x 2 x 2x 2
2
Q 7. Q 8.
dx dx
7 6x x 2
5x 2 2x
Q 9. Q 10.
dx dx
8 3x x 2
2x 2x
Q 11. Q 12.
dx dx
(2 x) 2 1
Q 13. (i) 5 4x x 2 (ii)
dx dx
(x 1)(x 2) (x 1)(2 x)
Q 14. (i) (ii)
dx
(x 1)(x b) x
dx
Q 15. Q 16.
2
16
dx dx
Q 17.
3x 2
13x 10 Q 18.
x 2
6x 13
(i) (ii)
4 x 2 dx 1 4x 2 dx
Q 19.
(i) (ii)
3 2x x 2 dx 1 4x x 2 dx
Q 20.
Q 21. 1 3x x 2 dx
Q 22. x 2 4x 5 dx
Q 23. x 2 4x 1 dx
(i) (ii)
x 2 3x dx x 2 8x 7 dx
Q 24.
x2
Q 25. (i) 1 x 2 dx
(ii)
1
9
dx
Q 26. x 2 4x 6 dx
Q 27. x 2 2x 5 dx
x2 3x 1
Q 30.
2x 2
6x 5
dx
Q 31.
2x 2
2x 3
dx
x 1 x2
x 1
2
dx x2 1
dx
Q 32. (i) (ii)
x2 x 1
4x x 2
dx 2x 2
dx
Q 33. Q 34.
2x 1 4x 1
7 6x 3x 2
dx 2x 2 x 3
dx
Q 35. Q 36.
5x 3 x 3
x 2 4x 10
dx 5 4x x 2
dx
Q 37. Q 38.
x2 6x 7
x 2 2x 3
dx (x 5)(x 4)
dx
Q 39. Q 40.
Q 41. (i) (x 2) x 2 1 dx
(ii) (x 1) 2x 2 3 dx
Q 42. x x x 2 dx
Q 43. (i) (x 3) 3 4x x 2 dx
(ii) x 1 x x 2 dx
3x 2 x2
Q 44.
1 x 6 dx Q 45.
1 x 6 dx
3x x2
Q 46.
1 2x 4
dx
Q 47.
1 9x 6 dx
x x
x a
6 6
dx
x 2
x 1
dx
Q 48. Q 49.
Answers
1 1 1 5x 3 x a
log | 2x 1 4x 2 | c sin c log x x 2 3x 4 c sin 1 c
1. (i) 2 (ii) 5 3 2. (i) 2 (ii) a
3x 2 3 2 3x 2 4x 1
3x 2 4x 1 log x c
6 18 3 3
3.
2x 3 2 1 3 1 x2
x 3x 2 log x x 2 3x 2 c sin 1 c
4.
4 8 2 5. 2 3
1 2x 1 1 2x 1
sin 1 c sin 1 c
6. 2 3 7. 2 33 8. log | (x 1) x 2x 21 c
x 3 1 1 2x 4x 3
sin 1 log x x 2 c sin 1
c 5 5 5
c
9. 4 10. 11. 41
2x 3
log x 2 3x 2 c
12. sin–1 (x – 1) + c 13.
log | (x 2) x 4x 5 | c
2
14. (i) 2
2x a b 1 x4
log (x a)(x b) c log c
(ii) sin1 (2x – 3) + c 15. 2 16. 8 x 4
1 3x 2 1 x 3 x 4 x2 x
log c tan 1 c 2sin 1 c
17. 17 x 5 18. 2 2 19. (i) 2 2
x 1 4x 2 1 1 (x 1) x 1
sin 2x c 3 2x x 2 2sin 1 c
(ii) 2 4 20. (i) 2 2
(x 2) 5 x2 (2x 3) 13 2x 3
1 4x x 2 sin 1 c 1 3x x 2 sin 1 c
(ii)
2 2 5 21.
4 8 13
(x 2) 9
x 2 4x 5 log | x 2 x 2 4x 5 | c
22. 2 2
(x 2) 2 3
x 4x 1 log | x 2 x 2 4x 1 | c
23. 2 2
2x 3 4 9 3 (x 4) 2 9
x 3x log x x 2 3x c x 8x 7 log | x 4 x 2 8x 7 |
24. (i) 4 8 2 (ii) 2 2
x 1 x2 1 x 3
log | x 1 x 2 | c x 2 9 log | x 9 x 2 | c
25. (i) 2 2 (ii) 6 2
(x 2)
x 2 4x 6 log | x 2 x 2 4x 6 c
26. 2
(x 1) 2
x 2x 5 2 log | x 1 x 2 2x 5 | c
27. 2 28.
1 2 x 1 6
log | x 2 2x 5 | log c
2 6 x 1 6
5 11 2x 1 1 1
log | 3x 2 2x 1| tan 1 c log | 2x 2 6x 5 | tan 1 (2x 3) c
29. 6 3 2 5 30. 4 2
3 5 2x 1
log | 2x 2 2x 3 | tan 1 c
31. 4 2 5 32. (i) x 2 1 log | x x 2 1 | c
x2
4x x 2 4sin 1 c
(ii) x 1 2 log | x x 1 | c
2 2
33. 2
2 3(x 1)
1
7 6x 3x 2 3 sin 1 c
34. 2x x 2sin (x 1) c
2
35. 3 10 36. 2 2x x 3 c
2
x2
5 4x x 2 sin 1 c
37. 5 x 4x 10 7 log | x 2 x 4x 10 c
2 2
38. 3
9
6 x 2 9x 20 34 log x x 2 x 20 c
39. x 2x 3 3log | x 1 x 2x 3 | c
2 2
40. 2
1 2
(x 1)3/ 2 x x 2 1 log(x x 2 1) c
41. (i) 3
1 x 3 2 3
(2x 2 3)3/ 2 2x 2 3 log x x 2 c
6 2 4 2
(ii)
1 2 1 1 1
(x x)3/ 2 (2x 1) x 2 x log x x 2 x c
42. 3 8 16 2
1 (x 2) 7 x2
(3 4x x 2 )3/ 2 3 4x x 2 sin 1 c
43. (i)
3 2 2 7
1 1 5 2x 1
(1 x x 2 )3/ 2 (2x 1) 1 x x 2 sin 1 c 1
44. tan (x ) c
3
(ii)
3 8 16 5
1 1 x2 3 1 1 3x 3
log c 1
tan ( 2 x ) c
2 log c
6 1 x3 18 1 3x 3
45. 46. 2 2 47.
1 1 1 2x 1
log x 3 x 6 a 6 c log x 2 x 1 tan 1 c
48. 3 49.
2 3 3
Solved Examples
TYPE I. Integration by Partial Fractions:
Category I. Problems in which Q (x) has only non repeated linear factors.
dx dx
Q 1.
Evaluate a
2
,
x 2 where x < a Q 2.
Evaluate x
2
a2
, x a.
dx dx
,x 3 x(x n
1)
Evaluate 3 2x x
2
Q 3. Q 4. Evaluate
x x
(x 2
a )(x 2 b 2 )
2
dx (x 2)(3 2x) dx
Q 5. Evaluate Q 6. Evaluate
2x 3 dx
(x 2
1)(2x 3)
dx x[10 7 log e x (log e x) ]
2
Q 7. Evaluate Q 8. Evaluate
sin x x
(2 cos x)(5 cos x) dx dx
Q 10. Evaluate (1 x )(2 x )
3 3
Q 9. Evaluate
2x 1 sin 2x
(x 1)(x 2)(x 3) dx (1 sin x)(2 sin x) dx
Q 11. Evaluate Q 12. Evaluate
2x dx
(1 x 2 )(3 x 2 ) dx
Q 13. Evaluate Q 14. Evaluate sin x sin 2x
TYPE I. Integration by Partial Fractions:
Category II. Problems in which Q(x) has repeated linear factors.
3x 5 3x 5
(3x 2)(x 1) 2
dx
3
x2 x 1
dx
Q 15. Evaluate Q 16. Evaluate x
TYPE I. Integration by Partial Fractions:
Category III. Problems in which Q(x) has quadratic factors.
dx x
(x 1)(x 2
1) (x 2
1)(x 1)
dx
Q 17. Q 18. Evaluate
dx x 3 3x 2
2 2 dx
Q 19. Evaluate x x x 1 Q 20. Evaluate (x 1) (x 1)
3 2
(x 1)(x 2)(x 3) x4
(x 4)(x 5)(x 6) dx dx
Q 22. Find (x 1)(x 1)
2
Q 21. Evaluate
(x 2 1)(x 2 2)
(x 2 3)(x 2 4) dx
Q 23. Evaluate
Answers
1 ax 1 xa 1 x 1 1 xn
log c log c log c log n c
ax xa 3x n x 1
1. 2a 2. 2a 3. 4 4.
1 x 2 a2 2 3
log c log | x 2 | log | 3 2x | c
2(a2 b2 ) x 2 b2 7 14
5. 6.
1 5 12 1 2 log x 1 5 cos x
log | x 1| log | x 1| log | 2x 3 | c log c log c
7. 10 2 5 8. 3 5 log x 9. 3 2 cos x
1 1 x3 1 1 1
log c log | x 1| log | x 2 | log | x 3 | c
3 2 x3
10. 11. 6 3 2
1 1 x2
log 2
c
12. 2log(1 sin x) 4log(2 sin x) c 13.
2 3 x
1 1 2
log(1 cos x) log(1 cos x) log | 1 2 cos x | c
14. 6 2 3
9 9 8 1 1 4 1
log | 3x 2 | log | x 1| . c log | x 1| log | x 1| c
15. 25 25 5 (x 1) 16. 2 x 1 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
log | x 1| log(x 2 1) tan1 x c log(x 2 1) tan1 x log | x 1| c
17. 2 4 2 18. 4 2 2
1 1 1 3 1 1 x
log | x 1| log | x 2 1| tan1 x c tan1 x log | 1 x | log(1 x 2 ) c
19. 2 4 2 20. 2 2 4 1 x2
x2 1 1 1
x log | x 1| log(x 2 1) tan1 x c
21. x 3log | x 4 | 24log | x 5 | 30log | x 6 | c 22. 2 2 4 2
2 x 1 x
x tan1 3 tan c
23. 3 3 2
Exercise
dx x dx
2
9
(x 1) (x 2) dx (x 1) (x 2)
Q 1. (i) x (ii) (iii)
2x
(x 2)(x 3) dx
(iv)
2x 5x
2
3x 2
dx (x 1) (x 2
4)
dx
Q 2. (i) x (ii)
x 2x 3
(x 1)(x 2)(x 3) dx (x 2
1)(2x 3)
dx
Q 3. (i) (ii)
3x 1 x
(x 1)(x 2)(x 3) dx (x 1) (x 2) dx
Q 4. (i) (ii)
cos x cos x x 1
(1 sin x)(2 sin x) dx (1 sin x)(2 sin x) dx x(1 xe x
)
dx
Q 5. (i) (ii) (iii)
sin 2 x
(1 cos x)(2 cos x) dx
(iv)
sec 2 x
(2 tan x)(3 tan x) dx
Q 6.
dx dx dx dx
x(x 5
1) x(x 6
1) x(x 4
1) x(x 4
1)
Q 7. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
x
dx e x
(1 e x
)(2 e x )
dx (x 2
a )(x 2 b 2 )
2
dx
(i) e 1
x
Q 8. (ii) Q 9.
dx dx 3x 1
sin x(3 2 cos x) dx (x 2) 2
dx
(ii) 1 3e 2e 2x Q 11.
x
Q 10. (i)
x 3x 2 2x
(x 1) (x 2) dx
2 (x 1)2 (x 3) dx (x 2
1)(x 2 3)
dx
Q 12. (i) (ii) (iii)
(3sin 2) cos 3x 1
5 cos 2
4sin
d (x 2) (x 2) dx
2
Q 13. Q 14.
x2 x 1 2
(x 1)3 dx (1 x) (x 2) dx
2
Q 15. Q 16.
x x2 x 1
(x 2 1)(x 1) dx (x 2)(x 2 1) dx
Q 17. Q 18.
dx x2 1
Q 19. x
4
1 Q 20.
x 2 5x 6 dx
1 x2 x3 x 1
x(1 2x) dx x 2 1 dx
Q 21. Q 22.
x2 1 cos x
2 dx cos x(1 cos x) dx
Q 23. x 6x 12 Q 24.
1 sin x dx
sin x(1 cos x) dx sin x(3 2 cos x)
Q 25. Q 26.
sin x (x 1)(x 2)(x 3)
dx (x 1)(x 2)(x 3) dx
Q 27. sin 4x Q 28.
dx x2
(x 1)2 (x 2 1) (x 2 1)(x 2 4) dx
Q 29. Q 30.
Answers
1 x 3 2 sin x x 1 3 7
log c log c log c log | x 2 | log | x 3 | c
1. (i) 6 x 3 (ii) 1 sin x (iii) x 2 (iv) 5 5
5 5 5
log | x 1| log | x 2 | log | x 2 | c
2. (i) 4 log |x + 2| 2 log |x + 1| + c (ii) 3 2 6
1 3 1 5 12
log | x 1| 2 log | x 2 | log | x 3 | c log | x 1| log | x 1| log | 2x 3 | c
3. (i) 2 2 (ii) 10 2 5
4. (i) log |x – 1| – 5 log |x – 2| + 4 log | x – 3| + c (ii) 2 log |x – 2| – log |x – 1| + c
1 x2
Q 5. Evaluate (i) cot x dx
(ii) tan x dx
Q 6.
4 dx
Evaluate 1 x
x 2 1 x2 dx
Q 7.
4 dx
Evaluate 1 x Q 8.
4 dx
Evaluate (i) 1 x
(ii) 1 x
4
x2 1 16 (log x) 2
Q 9.
4 2 dx
Evaluate x x 1 Q 10. Evaluate
x
dx
2sin cos
Q 13.
Evaluate 7 sin 5cos
d
Answers
x
2log 2 cos cos x c 1
1. 2 2. log | sin x cos x sin 2x | c 3. 2 sin (sin x cos x) c
1
2 log | sin x cos x sin 2x c 5. (i) 2
[( cot x tan x ) ( cot x tan x )]dx
4.
1 1 x2 1 1 x 2 2x 1
tan1 c log c
(ii) 2
[( cot x tan x ) ( cot x tan x )]dx 6. 2 2x 7.
2 2 x 2 2x 1
9 17 1 a 1 3 tan x
log | 7 sin 5 cos | c tan1 tan x c log c
2 3 3 tan x
13. 74 74 14. ab b 15.
x x
2 tan 1 tan
1 2 2 2 c
log c tan1
3 x 3 3 x
2 tan 2 tan1 1 tan c
2 2
16. 17. 18.
Exercise
TYPE II. Category I. Problems based on some special integrals.
cos x sec3 x
1 9sin 2 x dx tan 2 x 4
dx
Q 1. Q 2.
cos 2x sin 2x cos x dx
9 cos 2x 4
dx sin x 2sin x 3
2
dx
4
x cos 4 x
Q 3. (i) (ii) (iii) sin
x2 4
4 dx
(iv) x 16
1 1 cos 2 2x
tan 1 (3sin x) c sin 1 c
4 3
1. 3 2. log | tan x tanh 2x 4 | c 3. (i)
1 tan x 1 1 x 4
2 2
1 1
tan c tan c
(ii) log | sin x 1) sin 2
x 2sin x 3 | c (iii)
2 2 tan x (iv)
2 2 2 2x
x 1 3 2
log | sin x cos x | c x log | 2sin x 3cos x | c
4. 2 2 5. 13 13
x x 1
log | cos x sin x | c log | sin x cos x | c
6. 2 12 7. 2 2
1 tan x
tan 1 c
4 3
x log | 2sin x cos x | c
5 3
log | 3sin x 5cos x | x c
2 x
8. (i) 5 5 (ii) 34 34 9.
x
tan 4
2 1 2
1 2 1
tan c
tan 1 tan x c 3 3
10. 6 3 11. a(a tan x b) c 12.
x
3 tan
1 2 c 2
log c
3 x x
3 tan 3(3 tan 1)
13. 2 14. 2