722 CHAPTER 29 Jl,fAGNETIC FIELDS

EXERCISES & PROBLEMS

whe]
SECTION 29-2 The Definition of B and direction of the (smallest) magnetic field that will caliseIhe dens
electron to continue to move horizontally? Ignore the gruvJla- for :E
IE. Express the unit of a magnetic field B in terms of the dimen-
sions M, L, T, and Q (mass, length, time, and charge). tional force, which is rather small. (b) Is it possible for a proton10 18P.
pass through this combination of fields undeflected? If so. under thick
2E. An alpha particle travels at a velocity v of magnitude
what circumstances? B=
550 m/s through a uniform magnetic field B of magnitude
1OE. An electric field of 1.50 kY1m and a magnetic fieldof 29-3~
0.045 T. (An alpha particle has a charge of +3.2 X 10-19 C and
0.400 T act on a moving electron to produce no net force. (al point
a mass of 6.6 X 10-27 kg.) The angle between v and B is 52°.
What are the magnitudes of (a) the force FB acting on the particle Calculate the minimum speed v of the electron. (b) Draw Ihe
due to the field and (b) the acceleration of the particle due to FB? vectors E, B, and v.
(c) Does the speed of the particle increase, decrease, or remain oi UP. An electron has an initial velocity of (12.0 j + 15.0 k)
equal to 550 m/s? km/s and a constant acceleration of (2.00 X 1012 m/s2)i in are·
3E. An electron in a TV camera tube is moving at 7.20 X 106 gion in which uniform electric and magnetic fields are presenl.li
mls in a magnetic field of strength 83.0 mT. (a) Without knowing
B = (400 f-LT)i,find the electric field E.
the direction of the field, what can you say about the greatest and 12P. An electron is accelerated through a potential differenceo!
least magnitudes of the force acting on the electron due to the 1.0 kV and directed into a region between two parallel plalel
field? (b) At one point the acceleration of the electron is 4.90 X separated by 20 mm with a potential difference of 100 Y belweell FIGUl
1014 m/s2. What is the angle between the electron's velocity and them. The electron is moving perpendicular to the electric field Proble
the magnetic field? when it enters the region between the plates. What magnetic field
is necessary perpendicular to both the electron path and the elec· SECT
4E. A proton traveling at 23.0° with respect to a magnetic field
of strength 2.60 mT experiences a magnetic force of 6.50 X tric field so that the electron travels in a straight line·) 19E.
10-17 N. Calculate (a) the proton's speed and (b) its kinetic en- 13P. An ion source is producing ions of 6Li (mass = 6.0III. ence o.
ergy in electron-volts. each with a charge of +e. The ions are accelerated by a pOlenllal tude 2C
J 5P. Each of the electrons in the beam of a television tube has a difference of 10 kV and pass horizontally into a region in wlllCh (a) the
kinetic energy of 12.0 keV. The tube is oriented so that the elec- there is a uniform vertical magnetic field of magnitude B = magnet
trons move horizontally from geomagnetic south to geomagnetic 1.2 T. Calculate the strength of the smallest electric field, to belei 20K ,
north. The vertical component of Earth's magnetic field points up over the same region, that will allow the 6Li ions to pUll beam 0
down and has a magnitude of 55.0 f-LT. (a) In what direction will through undeflected. the elec
the beam deflect? (b) What is the acceleration of a single electron 21E. (.
due to the magnetic field? (c) How far will the beam deflect in SECTION 29-4 Crossed Fields: The Hall Effect radius \
moving 20.0 cm through the television tube? Whatw
14E. A strip of copper ISO f-Lm wide is placed in a uniform mag-
6P. An electron that has velocity v = (2.0 X 106 m/s)i + relativis
netic field B of magnitude 0.65 T, with B perpendicular 10 Ihe
(3.0 X 106 m/s)j moves through a magnetic field B =
strip. A current i = 23 A is then sent through the strip such thaia 22E. '"'
(0.030 T)i - (0.15 T)j. (a) Find the force on the electron. (b) pennit 2
Hall potential difference V appears across the width. CalculateV
Repeat your calculation for a proton having the same velocity. size of I
(The number of charge carriers per unit volume for copper1\
" 7P. An electron that is moving through a uniform magnetic field 8.47 X 1028 electrons/m'.) 23E. A
has a velocity v = (40 km/s)i + (35 km/s)j when it experiences a perpendi
15E. Show that, in terms of the Hall electric field E and Ihe
force F = -(4.2 fN)i + (4.8 fN)j due to the magnetic field. If 25.0 cm.
current density J, the number of charge carriers per unit volume1\
B, = 0, calculate the magnetic field B. (c) the fr
given by II = JB/eE.
24E. Ph
16P. In a Hall-effect experiment, a current of 3.0 A sent lenglh-
accuratel
SECTION 29-3 Crossed Fields: Discovery wise through a conductor 1.0 em wide, 4.0 cm long, and 10 Jilll
revolutio
thick produces a transverse (across the width) Hall voltage of
of the Electron iodinem.
10 f-LV when a magnetic field of 1.5 T is passed perpendicularll
its mass,
SE. A proton travels through uniform magnetic and electric through the thickness of the conductor. From these data, find(al
suremenl,
fields. The magnetic field is B = -2.5i mT. At one instant the the drift velocity of the charge carriers and (b) the number den\JI)
approxim
velocity of the proton is v = 2000j m/s. At that instant, what is of charge carriers. (c) Show on a diagram the polarity of the Hall
the magnitude of the net force acting on the proton if the electric voltage with assumed current and magnetic field directions. J\. 25E. An
field is (a) 4.0k Vim, (b) -4.0k Vim, and (c) 4.Oi Vim? suming also that the charge carriers are electrons. cular path
Calculate
9E. An electron with kinetic energy 2.5 keV moves horizontally 17P. (a) In Fig. 29-8. show that the ratio of the Hall ekCII"IL·
held
energy in
into a region of space in which there is a downward-directed E to the electric field Ec responsible for 1110VIIlgcharge (Ihe
which it v
electric field of magnitude 10 kV/m. (a) What are the magnitude cun'ent) along the length of the strip is
724 CHAPTER 29 MAGNETIC FIELDS

34P. In a commercial mass spectrometer (see Sample Problem of magnitude B is directed perpendicular to the plane of the fig-
29-3), uranium ions of mass 3.92 X 10-25 kg and charge 3.20 x ure. Find the minimum value of B at which the electron will not
10-19 C are separated from related species. The ions are acceler- strike the top plate.
ated through a potential difference of 100 kV and then pass into a
x X X X
magnetic field, where they are bent in a path of radius 1.00 m. FIG
Higher potential
After traveling through 180° and passing through a slit of width Exe
1.00 mm and height 1.00 cm, they are collected in a cup. (a) What
is the magnitude of the (perpendicular) magnetic field in the sep- >< x x
Lower potential 47E
arator? If the machine is used to separate out 100 mg of material
x x x an a
per hour, calculate (b) the current of the desired ions in the ma-
cula
chine and (c) the thermal energy produced in the cup in 1.00 h. FIGURE 29-42 Problem 39.
48P.
3SP. Bainbridge's mass spectrometer, shown in Fig. 29-41, sep-
of 0
arates ions having the same velocity. The ions, after entering
SECTION 29-6 Cyclotrons and Synchrotrons B=
through slits S I and S2, pass through a velocity selector composed
of an electric field produced by the charged plates P and P', and a 49P.
40E. In a certain cyclotron a proton moves in a circle of radius
magnetic field B perpendicular to the electric field and the ion hori,
0.50 m. The magnitude of the magnetic field is 1.2 T. (a) Whatis
path. The ions that pass undeviated through the crossed E and B track
the cyclotron frequency? (b) What is the kinetic energy of the
fields enter into a region where a second magnetic field B' exists, stant
proton, in electron-volts?
where they are made to follow circular paths. A photographic wire,
41E. A physicist is designing a cyclotron to accelerate protons to
plate registers their arrival. Show that, for the ions, qlm = the ~
one-tenth the speed of light. The magnet used will produce a field arya
ElrBB', where r is the radius of the circular orbit.
of 1.4 T. Calculate (a) the radius of the cyclotron and (b) the
,
_:_S] corresponding oscillator frequency. Relativity considerations are
not significant.
-1-S2
42P. The oscillator frequency of the cyclotron in Sample Prob-
lem 29-5 has been adjusted to accelerate deuterons. (a) If protons
are injected instead of deuterons, to what kinetic energy can the
protons be accelerated, using the same oscillator frequency? (b)
What magnetic field would be required? (c) What kinetic energy FlGU
for protons could be produced if the magnetic field were left atthe
FIGURE 29-41 value used for deuterons? (d) What oscillator frequency would
Problem 35. then be required? (e) Answer the same questions for alpha parti· SOP.
cles (q = +2e, m = 4.0 u). currer
36P. A positron with kinetic energy 2.0 keY is projected into a angle~
43P. A deuteron in a cyclotron is moving in a magnetic field
uniform magnetic field B of 0.10 T with its velocity vector mak- the wi
with B = 1.5 T and an orbit radius of 50 cm. Because of a graz·
ing an angle of 89° with B. Find (a) the period, (b) the pitch p, and directl
ing collision with a target, the deuteron breaks up, with negligible
(c) the radius r of its helical path. , 'step~
loss of kinetic energy, into a proton and a neutron. Discuss the
and b.
37P. A neutral particle is at rest in a uniform magnetic field of subsequent motion of each. Assume that the deuteron energy is
points
magnitude B. At time t = 0 it decays into two charged particles, shared equally by the proton and neutron at breakup.
each of mass m. (a) If the charge of one of the particles is +q, loop '"
44P. Estimate the total path length traversed by a deuteron in the
what is the charge of the other? (b) The two particles move off in cyclotron of Sample Problem 29-5 during the acceleration proc-
separate paths, both of which lie in the plane perpendicular to B. ess. Assume an accelerating potential between the dees of 80 kY.
At a later time the particles collide. Express the time from decay
until collision in terms of m, B, and q.
38P. (a) What speed would a proton need to circle Earth at the SECTION 29-7 Magnetic Force
equator, if Earth's magnetic field is everywhere horizontal there FIGUR
on a Current-Carrying Wire
and directed along longitudinal lines? Relativistic effects must be Probler
taken into account. Take the magnitude of Earth's magnetic field 4SE. A horizontal conductor in a power line carries a current of
to be 41 JLT at the equator. (Hint: Replace the momentum mv in 5000 A from south to north. Earth's magnetic field (60.0 fLT) is
Eq. 29-16 with the relativistic momentum given in Eq. 9-24.) (b) directed toward the north and is inclined downward at 70° to the SIP. P
Draw the velocity and magnetic field vectors corresponding to horizontal. Find the magnitude and direction of the magnetic current
this situation. force on 100 m of the conductor due to Earth's field. present
millites
39P. In Fig. 29-42, an electron of mass m, charge e, and negligi- • 46E. A wire of 62.0 em length and 13.0 g mass is suspended by
ductor t
ble speed enters the region between two plates of potential differ- a pair of flexible leads in a magnetic field of 0.440 T (Fig. 29-43).
ence V and plate separation d, initially headed directly toward the What are the magnitude and direction of the current required to S2P. C
higher-potential top plate in the figure. A uniform magnetic field remove the tension in the supporting leads') train. Tl

FIGURE 29-43 x x
Exercise 46.
47E. A wire 1.80 m long carries a current of 13.0 A and makes
an angle of 35.0° witli a uniform magnetic field B = 1.50 T. Cal-
culate the magnetic force on the wire.
48P. A wire 50 cm long lying along the x axis carries a current
of 0.50 A in the positive x direction, through a magnetic field
B = (0.0030 T)j + (0.010 T)k. Find the force on the wire.
49P. A metal wire of mass m slides without friction on two
horizontal rails spaced a distance d apart, as in Fig. 29-44. The
track lies in a vertical uniform magnetic field B. There is a con-
stant current i through generator G, along one rail, across the
wire, and back down the other rail. Find the speed and direction of
the wire's motion as a function of time, assuming it to be station-
ary at t = O.
FIGURE 29-44 Problem 49.
SOP. Figure 29-45 shows a wire of arbitrary shape carrying a
current i between points a and b. The wire lies in a plane at right
angles to a uniform magnetic field B. (a) Prove that the force on
the wire is the same as that on a straight wire carrying a current i
directly from a to b. (Hint: Replace the wire with a series of
"steps" parallel and perpendicular to the straight line joining a
and b.) (b) Prove that the force on the wire becomes zero when
points a and b are brought together so that the wire is a complete
loop whose plane is perpendicular to B.
x x x x x x
Y=-=..b
X X X jXj /~/
d -;,.//
X
r;?;
x Bx X
X
/
x x X x x that maximum torque has the magnitude T = (I/41T)UiB.
/
FIGURE 29-45
a S7P. Prove that the relation T = NiAB sin (J holds for closed
Problem 50. X X X X X X
SIP. A long, rigid conductor, lying along the x axis, carries a
current of 5.0 A in the negative direction. A magnetic field B is
present, given by B = 3.Oi + 8.0x2j, with x in meters and B in
milliteslas. Calculate the force on the 2.0 m segment of the con-
ductor that lies between x = 1.0 m and x = 3.0 m.
52P. Consider the possibility of a new design for an electric
train. The engine is driven by the force on a conducting axle due
to the vertical component ot harth s magneuc 1It:1U. \'-UllCIIL 1>
down one rail, through a conducting wheel, through the axle,
through another conducting wheel, and then back to the source
via the other rail. (a) What current is needed to provide a modest
10 kN force? Take the vertical component of Earth's field to be
10 J-LT and the length of the axle to be 3.0 m. (b) How much
power would be lost for each ohm of resistance in the rails? (c) Is
such a train totally unrealistic or just marginally unrealistic?
S3P. A 1.0 kg copper rod rests on two horizontal rails 1.0 m
apart and carries a current of 50 A from one rail to the other. The
coefficient of static friction between rod and rails is 0.60. What is
the smallest magnetic field (not necessarily vertical) that would
cause the rod to slide?
SECTION 29-8 Torque on a Current Loop
S4E. A single-turn current loop, carrying a current of 4.00 A, is
in the shape of a right triangle with sides 50.0, 120, and 130 cm.
The loop is in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude 75.0 mT
whose direction is parallel to the current in the 130 cm side of the
loop. (a) Find the magnitude of the magnetic force on each of the
three sides of the loop. (b) Show that the total magnetic force on
the loop is zero.
SSE. Figure 29-46 shows a rectangular, 20-turn coil of wire,
10 cm by 5.0 cm. It carries a current of 0.10 A and is hinged
along one long side. It is mounted in the xy plane, at an angle of
30° to the direction of a uniform magnetic field of 0.50 T. Find
the magnitUde and direction of the torque acting on the coil about
the hinge line.
y
Hinge
line
/
/
/
/
/
FIGURE 29-46 B
Exercise 55. Z
S6E. A length L of wire carries a current i. Show that if the wire
is formed into a circular coil, then the maximum torque in a given
magnetic field is developed when the coil has one turn only and
loops of arbitrary shape and not only for rectangular loops as in
Fig. 29-24. (Hint: Replace the loop of arbitrary shape with an
assembly of adjacent long, thin, approximately rectangular loops
that are nearly equivalent to the loop of arbitary shape as far as the
distribution of current is concerned.)
SSP. A closed wire loop with current i is in a uniform magnetic
e
field B, with the plane of the loop at angle to the direction of B.
Show that the total magnetic force on the loop is zero. Does your
proof also hold for a nonuniform magnetic field?
 726 CHAPTER 29 MAGNETIC FIELDS

59P. A particle of charge q moves in a circle of radius a with ten outer core. If the radius of their circular path is 3500 km, curr,
speed v. Treating the circular path as a current loop with constant calculate the current they produce. dina
current equal to its average current, find the maximum torque 65E. A circular wire loop whose radius is 15.0 cm carries a 10.0
exerted on the loop by a uniform magnetic field of magnitude B. current of 2.60 A. It is placed so that the normal to its plane dipo
60P. Figure 29-47 shows a wire ring of radius a that is perpen- makes an angle of 41.0 with a uniform magnetic field of 12.0 T.
0 curr,
dicular to the general direction of a radially symmetric diverging (a) Calculate the magnetic dipole moment of the loop. (b) What loop
magnetic field. The magnetic field at the ring is everywhere of the torque acts on the loop?
same magnitude B, and its direction at the ring everywhere makes 66E. A current loop, carrying a current of 5.0 A, is in the shape Ele,
an angle 6 with a normal to the plane of the ring. The twisted lead of a right triangle with sides 30, 40, and 50 cm. The loop is in a
wires have no effect on the problem. Find the magnitude and uniform magnetic field of magnitude 80 mT whose direction is 71.
direction of the force the field exerts on the ring if the ring carries parallel to the current in the 50 cm side of the loop. Find the eleci
a current i. magnitude of (a) the magnetic dipole moment of the loop and (b) netic
the torque on the loop. is F
67E. A stationary circular wall clock has a face with a radius of (qlm
15 cm. Six turns of wire are wound around its perimeter; the wire the ~
carries a current of 2.0 A in the clockwise direction. The clock is The~
located where there is a constant, uniform external magnetic field for 1
FIGURE 29-47 Problem 60.
of 70 mT (but the clock still keeps perfect time). At exactly 1:00 origJ

61P. A certain galvanometer has a resistance of 75.30; its nee- P.M., the hour hand of the clock points in (he direction of the
dle experiences a full-scale deflection when a current of 1.62 rnA external magnetic field. (a) After how many minutes will the
passes through its coiL (a) Determine the value of the auxiliary minute hand point in the direction of the torque on the winding
resistance required to convert the galvanometer to a voltmeter due to the magnetic field? (b) Find the torque magnitude.
that reads 1.00 V at full-scale deflection. How is this resistance to 68E. Two concentric circular loops of radii 20.0 and 30.0 em,
be connected? (b) Determine the value of the auxiliary resistance located in the xy plane, each carry a clockwise current of 7.00 A
required to convert the galvanometer to an ammeter that reads (Fig. 29-49). (a) Find the net magnetic dipole moment of this
50.0 rnA at full-scale deflection. How is this resistance to be con- system. (b) Repeat for reversed current in the inner loop.
nected? y
•.62P. Figure 29-48 shows a wooden cylinder with mass m =
0.250 kg and length L = 0.100 m, with N = 10.0 turns of wire
wrapped around it longitudinally, so that the plane of the wire coil
contains the axis of the cylinder. What is the least current i
through the coil that will prevent the cylinder from rolling down a
plane inclined at an angle 6 to the horizontal, in the presence of a
vertical, uniform magnetic field of 0.500 T, if the plane of the
windings is parallel to the inclined plane?

FIGURE 29-49
Exercise 68.
69P. A circular loop of wire having a radius of 8.0 cm carries a
current of 0.20 A. A unit vector parallel to the dipole moment /l
of the loop is given by 0.6Oi - 0.80l If the loop is located in a
magnetic field given by B = (0.25 T)i + (0.30 T)k, find (a) the
torque on the loop (in unit-vector notation) and (b) the magnetic
potential energy of the loop.
FIGURE 29-48 i70P. Figure 29-50 shows a current loop ABCDEFAcarrying a
Problem 62. E

c D
SECTION 29-9 The Magnetic Dipole

63E. A circular coil of 160 turns has a radius of 1.90 cm. (a)
Calculate the current that results in a magnetic dipole moment of
2.30 A· m2. (b) Find the maximum torque that the coil, carrying
this current, can experience in a uniform 35.0 mT magnetic field.
\l64E. The magnetic dipole moment of Earth is 8.00 X 1022 J/T.
Assume that this is produced by charges flowing in Earth's mol- FIGURE 29-50 Problem 70. x

i == 5.00 A. The sides of the loop are parallel to the coor-
axes, with AB == 20.0 cm, Be == 30.0 cm, and FA ==
10.0cm. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the magnetic
dipolemoment of this loop. (Hint: Imagine equal and opposite
i in the line segment AD; then treat the two rectangular
iDopsABCDA andADEFA.)
ElectronicComputation
11. A particle with mass m and charge q moves in a uniform
electricfield E, in the positive y direction, and a uniform mag-
neticfield B, in the positive z direction. The force on the particle
isF = q[E + v x BJ and the acceleration of the particle is a ==
(qlm)(E + v x BJ. If v is in the xy plane, then the components of
theacceleration are ax == (qBlm)vy and ay == (qElm) - (qBlm)vx.
Thesecomponents can be integrated twice to obtain expressions
forthe coordinates of the particle. If the particle starts at the
originwith an initial velocity Voin the positive x direction, then
EXERCISES & PROBLEMS 727
x == ~t
B
- 2.w [~-B vo] sin(wt)
and
y == -± [~- vo] (1 - cos(wt»),
where w == qBlm. (a) By direct substitution, verify that these
equations satisfy Newton's second law. Also verify that they lead
to the given initial conditions. (b) Take B == 1.2 T, E == 1.0 X
104 VIm, and Vo == 5.0 X 104 mls and plot the trajectory of the
particle for the first 4.0 X 10-6 s after it leaves the origin. The
orbit can be described as a circle that translates in the positive x
direction. Explain qualitatively why the motion is along the x axis
when the electric field is along the y axis. Graph the trajectory for
(b) Vo == 3.0 x 104 mis, (c) Vo == 6.0 X 104 mis, and (d) Vo ==
9.0 X 104 m/s. (e) Why do some of the trajectories cross back
over themselves while others do not? Why is one of the trajector-
ies a straight line?