A&A 552, A78 (2013)

Year Year
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
100 120

80 κ For (G0V) 100 HR 2400 (F8V)

CES+LC CES+LC
CES+VLC 80 CES+VLC
60 HARPS HARPS
60
40 40
O-C [m/s]

O-C [m/s]
20 20

0 0
-20
-20
-40
-40 -60
-60 -80
49000 50000
51000 52000 53000 54000 55000 49000 50000
51000 52000 53000 54000 55000
BJD - 2 400 000 BJD - 2 400 000
Year Year
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
80 70
60 60 α Cen A (G2V)
50 CES+LC
40 CES+VLC
40 HARPS
20
30
O-C [m/s]

O-C [m/s]

0 20
-20 10
0
-40
-10
-60 HR 3677 (G0III)
CES+LC -20
-80 CES+VLC -30
HARPS
-100 -40
49000 50000
51000 52000 53000 54000 55000 49000 50000 51000 52000 53000 54000 55000
BJD - 2 400 000 BJD - 2 400 000
Year
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
70
60 α Cen B (K1V)
CES+LC
50 CES+VLC
40 HARPS

30
O-C [m/s]

20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
49000 50000 51000 52000 53000 54000 55000
BJD - 2 400 000

Fig. 24. Residual RVs (binned as described in Sect. 4) for the spectroscopic binaries.

non-detections (e.g. Janson et al. 2007, 2008). Furthermore,
there are also discussions whether an observed inner disk of
warm dust can coexist with this inner planet (Reidemeister et al.
2011).
It has to be pointed out that stellar magnetic cycles (the so-
lar cycle length is 2 × 11 yr) may cause long-term RV variations
which might be mistaken as companions. The CaII H&K lines
are an appropriate indicator to check this (Santos et al. 2010;
Dumusque et al. 2011a; Lovis et al. 2011). Indeed, some stars,
like e.g. HR 209, ζ 1 Ret, and HR 8323 exhibit clear RV-log R"HK
correlations which originates from stellar activity and prevented
us from claiming planets from the RV variations/periods. Hence,
also in the search for Jupiter analouges, it is important to monitor
A78, page 22 of 62
activity indicators. Unfortunately, only the 4–5 yr of HARPS
data contain the CaII H&K lines, so that the whole time base-
line is not covered, which would have been especially desirable
for HR 506 and ι Hor.
We have not detected a Jupiter analogue, while our upper
mass limits demonstrate that we are sensitive to Jupiter-mass
planets up to 5 AU, i.e. Jupiter analogues (Fig. 7). In our sample
the planet candidate with the longest period is HR 506 b (2.7 yr).
While it has a minimum mass of one Jupiter mass, its period is
still 4 times shorter than that of Jupiter. Although our sample
size is too small to provide a meaningful number for the occur-
rence rate of Jupiters and Jupiter analogues, the two Jupiter-mass
planets in our sample imply that our results are in agreement