Abren Pierre B.

Manalo BSED-ENGLISH III

Mr. Ryan Sotto EDUC 4: TTL
2

Directions: After reading all the documents about copyright laws, answer the following questions:

a) What does copyright law say about a work (e.g. photo, diagram, chart, or whole journal article, which does
not have the © copyright symbol? How will you include these in your project presentation?
A person does not have to use the copyright symbol to obtain copyright symbol for his/her work, regardless
if the person decides to register his/her work. Apparently, owners are required to use a copyright notice on all of
their published works before March 1, 1989, but the use of the copyright symbol has become optional after that.
Therefore, copyright protection has become automatic even without a copyright notice.
To be able to utilize copyrighted resources, one must be familiar with “Fair Use”. Fair use is the use of
copyrighted work for the purposes of criticizing, commenting, news reporting, teaching, creating researches,
and other similar purposes. If someone plans to use copyrighted works for a project presentation, he/she is free
to do so as it falls under “teaching”, as long as he/she cites the sources.

b) Are patchwriting and rephrasing a good remedy to avoid obtaining copyright permission to an existing
work? Why?
Paraphrasing and patchwriting involves rewording passages and adding some changes to a copyrighted
source. Copyright law actually prohibits paraphrasing and patchwriting since it infringes the copyright owner’s
intellectual properties. Even if someone uses different words and sentence structure, he/she is still using
someone else’s ideas. Although paraphrasing and patchwriting reduces the probability that the court will
discover that copyright has been infringed, there are a lot of cases wherein it has found people violating the
law.

c) What does copyright law say about a generally copyright protected work such as chart, diagram, figure,
drawing, photograph or map? Can this be copied without permission? Why?
According to the University of Manitoba (2019), works such as charts, graphs, diagrams, figures, drawings,
maps or photographs are considered complete, stand-alone works and can therefore be used without permission.
However, according to fair dealing, only a “fair amount” is allowed when someone opts to use copyrighted
protected work without getting permission. Canadian University guidelines define a fair amount as 10% or less
of a whole work. This means that if a document has 10 figures, only one figure can be considered fair to use.

d) How is copyright infringement related to plagiarism? Explain.

Copyright infringement refers to unauthorized use or using someone else’s copyright protected work
without the author’s permission. Plagiarism, on the other hand, also involves using copyright protected work,
but without giving proper credit or citations to the author. It means that he/she is claiming the resource to be
his/her original work.

e) Are the Filipinos covered by the Copyright Laws of other countries?

Countries have different copyright laws. There is no such thing as an “international copyright” that will
automatically protect a work throughout the world. Protection against unauthorized use in a particular country
depends on the national laws of that country (International Trade Administration, 2018). Therefore, Filipinos
are only covered by the copyright laws of the Philippines. Still, copyright laws within the country are heavily
similar with a number of countries which means the issue does not matter too much.