Liver in Longitudinal Sections: Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

Liver in Longitudinal Sections
57 Left lobe of liver, lateral segment, subsegments II

and III
58 Left lobe of liver, ligamentum teres, boundary
between lateral and medial segments
between lateral and medial segments
between lateral and medial segments, caudate lobe
61 Left hepatic vein, ligamentum teres, boundary
64 Medial segment, subsegment IV, quadrate lobe
65 Gallbladder, portal vein, vena cava, boundary
between medial and anterior segments
66 Middle hepatic vein, boundary
between medial and anterior segments
67 Anterior segment, subsegments VIII and V
68 Right hepatic vein, boundary
between anterior and posterior segments
69 Posterior segment, subsegments VII and VI
70 Posterior segment, lateral portions of liver, kidney
Left Portions of the Liver in Transverse Sections

71 Left lobe of liver, lateral segment, heart
73 Left lobe of liver, lateral segment, hepatic veins
74 Left lobe of liver, lateral segment, caudate lobe
76 Left lobe of liver, lateral segment,
left portal vein branch
77 Left lobe of liver, lateral segment, ligamentum teres
78 Left lobe of liver, subsegment III, ligamentum teres
Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.
Central Portions of the Liver in Transverse Sections
79 Medial and anterior hepatic segments,
opening of hepatic veins
81 Medial and anterior hepatic segments, hepatic veins,
caudate lobe
82 Medial and anterior hepatic segments, hepatic veins,
caudate lobe
83 Medial and anterior hepatic segments, caudate lobe
left portal vein branch, caudate lobe
bifurcation of portal vein
right portal vein branch
right and left portal vein branches
quadrate lobe, ligamentum teres, portal vein
93 Medial and anterior hepatic segments, quadrate lobe,
ligamentum teres, portal vein
ligamentum teres, gallbladder
ligamentum teres, gallbladder
96 Inferior border of liver, kidney, gallbladder,
ligamentum teres
Right Portions of the Liver in Transverse Sections

97 Posterior segment, cranial subsegment
98 Posterior segment, portal vein
99 Posterior segment, caudal subsegment, kidney
100 Posterior segment, inferior border

74
Liver
57 Left lobe of liver, lateral segment, subsegments II and III
58 Left lobe of liver, ligamentum teres, boundary between

lateral and medial segments

Liver in Longitudinal Sections 75
II III
21, 26
70
94
18
43
The liver is divided into a left and a right lobe on anatomical criteria.
The left lobe corresponds to the lateral segment; the right lobe
consists of the medial, anterior, and posterior segments.
III
II
21 73
98
93, 94
42 45
74 18
On functional criteria, the lateral and medial segments

belong to the left lobe of the liver while the anterior and
posterior segments belong to the right lobe.

76
Liver
59 Left lobe of liver, ligamentum teres, boundary between

lateral and medial segments
60 Left hepatic vein, ligamentum teres, boundary between

lateral and medial segments, caudate lobe

II
21 III 73
42
98 5
15 18
3 7
74
1
90
The lateral segment is composed of subsegment II

cranially and subsegment III caudally.
III
II
21
24 93
70
25
11
92
93
23 I 92
17
10
96
The boundary between the lateral and medial segments,

i.e., between the anatomical left and right lobes
of the liver, is the left hepatic vein.

78
Liver



IV 21 24
17
11 4
41
17
25
23 I
10
90
The caudate lobe corresponds to subsegment I of the medial

segment and is located lateral and anterior to the vena cava.
Most of the medial segment consists of subsegment IV.
24
20 IV
22
17
11 17
41
23 I
10
90
The boundary between the lateral and medial segments,

i.e., between the anatomical left and right lobes
of the liver, is the ligamentum teres.

80
Liver

64 Medial segment, subsegment IV, quadrate lobe

24
IV
17
41
17
10
90
Ligamentum teres (the obliterated umbilical vein) extends from the

left portal vein branch to the anterior inferior border of the liver.
20
22 IV
17
17
93
96
10
The caudal part of the medial segment, the quadrate lobe,

is situated between ligamentum teres and the gallbladder.
The quadrate lobe is part of subsegment IV.

82
Liver
65 Gallbladder, portal vein, vena cava, boundary between

medial and anterior segments
66 Middle hepatic vein, boundary between

medial and anterior segmentst

27
22 IV
30
17
10 93
94
The plane of the gallbladder and vena cava forms the boundary
plane between the medial and anterior segments of the liver.
20
12
17
10
10
14
The middle hepatic vein marks the boundary between the

medial and anterior segments in the cranial part of the liver.

84
Liver
67 Anterior segment, subsegments VIII and V
68 Right hepatic vein, boundary between

anterior and posterior segments

28
VIII V
12
17
96 14
78
The anterior segment consists of subsegment VIII

cranially and subsegment V caudally.
12
17
13
96
The right hepatic vein and the division of the right portal vein branch
mark the boundary plane between the anterior and posterior segments.

86
Liver
69 Posterior segment, subsegments VII and VI
70 Posterior segment, lateral portions of liver, kidney

VII 29
VI
96
The posterior segment consists of subsegment VII

cranially and subsegment VI caudally.
17 29 VI
VII
60
65
The right lobe of the liver is highly variable in its caudal extent.

88
Liver

Left Portions of the Liver in Transverse Sections 89
26 II
96
98
The left lobe of the liver is in close proximity to the heart,

separated from it only by the diaphragm.
26 II
96
97
The anatomical left lobe of the liver

corresponds to the lateral hepatic segment.

90
Liver
73 Left lobe of liver, lateral segment, hepatic veins

27 IV
28 VIII
26 II
12 11
13
23 25
29
I 71
VII 10
96
The left hepatic vein marks the boundary between

the lateral and medial hepatic segments.
27 IV
26 II
12 11
28 VIII 25
23
I 71
10 93
94
The cranial part of the lateral hepatic segment

is designated as subsegment II.

92
Liver
76 Left lobe of liver, lateral segment, left portal vein branch

27 IV 26 II
11
11
12
28 VIII 17 71
23 I
74 94
10
93
1
96
The caudate lobe is considered a separate

entity, designated as subsegment I.
27 IV 26 II
17
72
4
93,94
17
43
15
10 18
1
96
In scanning down the left lobe of the liver, the left

branch of the portal vein marks the boundary between
the cranial and caudal subsegments of the lobe.

94
Liver
77 Left lobe of liver, lateral segment, ligamentum teres
78 Left lobe of liver, subsegment III, ligamentum teres

26 II
27, 22
IV
24 72
17 45
4 42 93
18
17 94
7 43
10
96
1 15
Ligamentum teres arises directly from the left

portal vein branch and runs forward and downward.
26 III
24
27, 22 70
IV 15
93, 94
10
1
Ligamentum teres presents a triangular or polygonal shape

in cross section. It marks the boundary between subsegment III
and the quadrate lobe, which is designated as subsegment IVb.

96
Liver



Central Portions of the Liver in Transverse Sections 97
VIII
IV II
20 21
10
96
The hepatic veins converge and enter the

vena cava just below the diaphragm.
II
VIII 94
IV
13 12 11
VII 10
96
The opening of the hepatic veins at the vena cava

forms a typical stellate pattern in transverse section.

98
Liver

hepatic veins, caudate lobe

hepatic veins, caudate lobe

VIII II
IV
11
13 25
12
71
23
VII 10 I
96
The upper pole of the caudate lobe extends to a point

just below the opening of the hepatic veins into the vena cava.
IV
VIII II
11
12 25
13
71
23
I
10 93
VII 93
The three hepatic veins define the boundaries between

the lateral, medial, anterior, and posterior segments of the liver.

100
Liver

caudate lobe


VIII IV 11
II
12 25 71
13
23
I 93
10 94
VII
Ligamentum venosum separates the caudate lobe

from subsegment II of the lateral hepatic segment.
VIII IV 11
II
12
17 25
13 23
I 72
10
VII 1
96
90
The caudate lobe of the liver is designated as subsegment I.

102
Liver



II
IV
VIII
11
12 17
23 I 72
13
10 1
96
VII
90
The caudate lobe is interposed between

the vena cava and left portal vein branch.
II
VIII IV
12 11
17
17
3
10 1
VII 96
90
The upper subsegments of the lateral and medial hepatic segments

are designated as subsegment II and subsegment IVa, respectively.

104
Liver



II
IV
VIII
11
17
12
4
17 7
10 1
96
VII
90
The upper subsegments of the anterior and posterior hepatic

segments are designated as subsegments VIII and VII.
II
IV
VIII
11
17
12
17 4
7 5
43
10 1
VII 96
90
The bifurcation of the portal vein

is located just anterior to the vena cava.

106
Liver

right portal vein branch


IV
VIII
II
17
12 11
17 4
5
7 43
10
1
VII
96
90
The division of the portal vein into right and left branches marks the
approximate boundary between the upper and lower subsegments.
II
VIII
IV 17
4 18
17 7 43
15
10
1
VII
90
The division of the portal vein into right and left branches
shows an antler-like configuration on ultrasound.

108
Liver



II
IV
VIII 17
22
17
7 43
15
10
18
1
VII
90
The right portal vein branch initially runs

slightly caudally from the bifurcation.
22 24
III
V IV
70
18
17
7
43
10 15
9
1
VI
90
Ligamentum teres marks the boundary plane

between the right and left lobes of the liver.

110
Liver


quadrate lobe, ligamentum teres, gallbladder

III
V 24
22
IV
70
18
43
10 7 1
VI
14
90
The lower subsegments of the lateral, medial, anterior,

and posterior hepatic segments are designated,
respectively, subsegments III, IVb, V, and VI.
22
V III
IV
24
30
70
42
VI
76
19
94
14 10 1
The gallbladder and ligamentum teres form the boundary

structures of the quadrate lobe in transverse section.

112
Liver

quadrate lobe, ligamentum teres, gallbladder
96 Inferior border of liver, kidney, gallbladder,

ligamentum teres

24 III
V 22
IV
73
30 42
76
41 19
17
VI
10
1
14
The vena cava–gallbladder plane marks the boundary between

the right and left lobes of the liver based on functional criteria.
III
22 24
V IV
77
30
VI
94
60
The shape of the inferior hepatic border is influenced by the kidney,

the gallbladder, and the groove for ligamentum teres.

114
Liver
97 Posterior segment, upper subsegment
98 Posterior segment, portal vein

Right Portions of the Liver in Transverse Sections 115
VIII, 28
VII, 29
13 12
11
96 10
The upper subsegment of the posterior hepatic

segment is designated as subsegment VII.
20, 29 17 77
10
96
The right portal vein branch marks the approximate boundary

between subsegment VII cranially and subsegment V caudally.

116
Liver
99 Posterior segment, lower subsegment, kidney
100 Posterior segment, inferior border

Right Portions of the Liver in Transverse Sections 117
29
VI
77
14
60 10
The lower subsegment of the posterior hepatic

segment is designated as subsegment VI.
29
VI
77
10
8
60
The right lobe of the liver is highly variable in its inferior extent.


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Liver in Longitudinal Sections

57 Left lobe of liver, lateral segment, subsegments II

Left Portions of the Liver in Transverse Sections

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

Right Portions of the Liver in Transverse Sections

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

57 Left lobe of liver, lateral segment, subsegments II and III

58 Left lobe of liver, ligamentum teres, boundary between

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

On functional criteria, the lateral and medial segments

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

59 Left lobe of liver, ligamentum teres, boundary between

60 Left hepatic vein, ligamentum teres, boundary between

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

The lateral segment is composed of subsegment II

The boundary between the lateral and medial segments,

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

61 Left hepatic vein, ligamentum teres, boundary between

62 Left hepatic vein, ligamentum teres, boundary between

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

The caudate lobe corresponds to subsegment I of the medial

The boundary between the lateral and medial segments,

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

63 Left hepatic vein, ligamentum teres, boundary between

64 Medial segment, subsegment IV, quadrate lobe

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

Ligamentum teres (the obliterated umbilical vein) extends from the

The caudal part of the medial segment, the quadrate lobe,

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

65 Gallbladder, portal vein, vena cava, boundary between

66 Middle hepatic vein, boundary between

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

The middle hepatic vein marks the boundary between the

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

67 Anterior segment, subsegments VIII and V

68 Right hepatic vein, boundary between

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

The anterior segment consists of subsegment VIII

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

69 Posterior segment, subsegments VII and VI

70 Posterior segment, lateral portions of liver, kidney

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

The posterior segment consists of subsegment VII

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

71 Left lobe of liver, lateral segment, heart

72 Left lobe of liver, lateral segment, heart

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

The left lobe of the liver is in close proximity to the heart,

The anatomical left lobe of the liver

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

73 Left lobe of liver, lateral segment, hepatic veins

74 Left lobe of liver, lateral segment, caudate lobe

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

The left hepatic vein marks the boundary between

The cranial part of the lateral hepatic segment

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

75 Left lobe of liver, lateral segment, caudate lobe

76 Left lobe of liver, lateral segment, left portal vein branch

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

The caudate lobe is considered a separate

In scanning down the left lobe of the liver, the left

Block, Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy © 2004 Thieme

77 Left lobe of liver, lateral segment, ligamentum teres