CHE 319 Homework-1 Due: 4 pm, October 7, 2015

 A mixture of two immiscible liquids is fed into a decanter. The heavier liquid  settles to
the bottom of the tank. The lighter liquid  forms a layer on the top. The two interfaces
are detected by floats and are controlled by manipulating the two volumetric flows F and
F

𝐹𝛼 = 𝐾𝛼 ℎ𝛼

𝐹𝛽 = 𝐾𝛽 (ℎ𝛼 + ℎ𝛽 )

The controllers increase or decrease the flows as the levels rise or fall. The total feed rate
is 𝐹0 . The weight fraction of liquid  in the feed is 𝑥𝛼 . The two densities 𝜌𝛼 and 𝜌𝛽 are
constant. Write the equations describing the dynamic behaviour of this system.

Figure 1. Two immiscible liquids are separated in a decanter.

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CHE 319 Homework-1 Due: 4 pm, October 7, 2015
2. Often liquid surge tanks (particularly those containing hydrocarbons) will have a gas
“blanket” of nitrogen or carbon dioxide to prevent the accumulation of explosive vapors
above the liquid, as shown below

Figure 2. A surge tank with a gas “blanket”

Develop the modeling equations with gas pressure and liquid volume as the state
variables. Let qf and q represent the inlet and outlet gas molar flow rates, Ff and F the
liquid volumetric flow rates., V the constant (total) volume, V1 the liquid volume, and P
the gas pressure. Assume the ideal gas law. Show that the modeling equations are

𝑑𝑉1
= 𝐹𝑓 − 𝐹
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑃 𝑃 𝑅𝑇
= (𝐹𝑓 − 𝐹) + (𝑞 − 𝑞)
𝑑𝑡 𝑉 − 𝑉1 𝑉 − 𝑉1 𝑓

and state any other assumptions.

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CHE 319 Homework-1 Due: 4 pm, October 7, 2015
3. When cooling jackets and internal cooling coils do not give enough heat transfer area, a
circulating cooling system is sometimes used. Process fluid from the reactor is pumped
through an external heat exchanger and back into the reactor. Cooling water is added to
the shell side of the heat exchanger at a rate 𝐹𝑤 as set by the temperature controller. The
circulation rate through the heat exchanger is constant. Assume that the shell side of the
heat exchanger can be represented by two perfectly mixed “lumps” in series and the
process fluid flow countercurrent to the water flow, also through two perfectly mixed
stages. The reaction is irreversible and first-order in reactant A:

𝑘
𝐴→𝐵

The contents of the tank are perfectly mixed. Neglect reactor and heat-exchanger metal.
Derive a mathematical model of this system.

Hint: Two perfectly mixed “lumps” in series:

1 𝑑𝑇𝐽1 1
𝜌𝐽 𝑉𝐽 𝐶𝐽 = 𝐹𝐽 𝜌𝐽 𝐶𝐽 (𝑇𝐽0 − 𝑇𝐽1 ) + 𝑈𝐴𝐻 (𝑇 − 𝑇𝐽1 )
4 𝑑𝑡 4
1 𝑑𝑇𝐽2 1
𝜌𝐽 𝑉𝐽 𝐶𝐽 = 𝐹𝐽 𝜌𝐽 𝐶𝐽 (𝑇𝐽1 − 𝑇𝐽2 ) + 𝑈𝐴𝐻 (𝑇 − 𝑇𝐽2 )
4 𝑑𝑡 4

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CHE 319 Homework-1 Due: 4 pm, October 7, 2015
4. (a) Linearize the two ODEs given below that describe a non-isothermal CSTR with constant
volume. The input variables are T0, TJ, CA0, and F.

𝑑𝐶𝐴
𝑉 = 𝐹(𝐶𝐴0 − 𝐶𝐴 ) − 𝑉𝑘𝐶𝐴
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑇
𝑉𝜌𝐶𝑃 = 𝐹𝐶𝑃 𝜌(𝑇0 − 𝑇) − 𝜆𝑉𝑘𝐶𝐴 − 𝑈𝐴(𝑇 − 𝑇𝐽 )
𝑑𝑡
(b) Convert to perturbation variables (variables in the deviation format) and arrange in
the form
𝑑(𝐶𝐴 − 𝐶𝐴𝑆 )
= 𝑎11 (𝐶𝐴 − 𝐶𝐴𝑆 ) + 𝑎12 (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑆 ) + 𝑎13 (𝐶𝐴0 − 𝐶𝐴0 𝑆 ) + 𝑎14 (𝑇0 − 𝑇0 𝑆 )
𝑑𝑡
+ 𝑎15 (𝐹 − 𝐹𝑆 ) + 𝑎16 (𝑇𝐽 − 𝑇𝐽 𝑆 )
𝑑(𝑇 − 𝑇𝑆 )
= 𝑎21 (𝐶𝐴 − 𝐶𝐴𝑆 ) + 𝑎22 (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑆 ) + 𝑎23 (𝐶𝐴0 − 𝐶𝐴0 𝑆 ) + 𝑎24 (𝑇0 − 𝑇0 𝑆 )
𝑑𝑡
+ 𝑎25 (𝐹 − 𝐹𝑆 ) + 𝑎26 (𝑇𝐽 − 𝑇𝐽 𝑆 )

5. Solve the following second-order ordinary differential equation with the given initial
conditions

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
+ 2 + 2𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑦(0)
𝑦(0) = 2 and 𝑑𝑡
= −2

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