DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF

PEDAL DRILLING MACHINE

A MINI PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by
POOVARASAN.M -623018114051

PERIYASAMY.P -623018114050

PARAMESHWARAN.R -623018114049

THAMIZHARASAN.T -623018114070
in partialfulfillment for the
award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

TAGORE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY DEVIYAKURICH1-636112 ANNA
UNIVERSITY:: CHENNAI 600 025
APRIL 2021

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 ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this mini project report " Design and Fabrication of Pedal
Drilling Machine" is the bonafide work of who carried out the mini project
work under my supervision. Deviyakurichi — 636 112
SIGNATURE

SIGNATURE
Mr. P.RAJESH KUMAR, M.E.,

Mr. R.DHANARAJ, M.E., SUPERVISOR

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT Assistant Professor,

Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical
Engineering,
Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Tagore Institute of Engineering and
Technology,
Tagore Institute of Engineering
and Deviyakurchi — 636 112
Technology,

This Mini Project work is submitted for project viva voice held at Tagore
Institute of Engineering and Technology on

Internal Examiner External Examiner DECLARATION

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 we,
POOVARASAN.M -
623018114051
-
PERIYASAMY.P
623018114050
-
PARAMESHWARAN.R
623018114049
-
THAMIZHARASAN.T 623018114070
Declare that the mini project on "DESIGN AND
FABRICATION OF PEDAL DRILLING MACHINE" is the original
mini project work done by us and to the best of our knowledge. A similar
work has not been submitted earlier to the Anna University or any other
Institution fulfillment of the requirement.

This project submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirement for

the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering (B.E) in Mechanical Engineering
for the Anna University.

NAME SIGNATURE

POOVARASAN.M

PERIYASAMY.P

PARAMESHWARAN.R

THAMIZHARASAN.T

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 DATE
PLACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At this pleasing moment of having successfully completed our

project, we wish to convey our sincere thanks and gratitude to the
Management Members of our college who provide all facilities to us.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to our Principal Dr.

S.JAYANTHI, M.E., Ph.D., for forwarding us to do our project and offering
adequate duration in completing our project.

We also express our sincere thanks to the Head of the Department Mr.
R.DHANARAJ, M.E., Department of Mechanical Engineering for
encourage and support to complete the project work successfully.

We are also highly thankful to our Mini project guide Mr.P.Rajesh

Kumar M.E., Assistant professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering
for his constructive suggestion and encouraging during our project.

We also express our sincere thanks to our Teaching and Non-

Teaching Faculties Department of Mechanical Engineering for their kind
cooperation to complete this project work.

We also express our gratefulness to our parents and friends for their
affectionate blessing and loving cooperation at all stages of this academic
venture.

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 Contents

Chapter Page No

1. Abstract 6
2. Introduction 7
3. Subjects Discussed 8
4. Main components of Pedal 12
drilling machine
5. Working Principle 19
6. Advantages and disadvantages 20
7. Calculations 21
8. References 24

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 ABSTRACT:

Pedal powered drilling machine is a machine which can

be used for industrial applications and Household needs
in which no specific input energy or power is needed.
This project consists of a crank and slider mechanism.
In the mechanism pedal is directly connected to the
drilling through crank and slider mechanism for the
processing of cutting the wooden blocks, metal bars,
PVC materials. The objective of the modal is using the
conventional mechanical process which plays a vital
role. The main aim is to reduce the human effort for
machining various materials such as wooden blocks,
steel, PVC etc.

The power drilling machine, which runs on human

power, works on the principle of the conversion of
rotational motion to oscillatory motion. Importance
of this project lies in the very fact that it is green
project and helps us to reduce our electricity need.
Secondly, this cutter can be used and transferred to
our working place easily. Moreover, if we want we
can generate electricity with our project by
connecting it to dynamo, diode and battery.

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INTRODUCTION :

Pedal power is the transfer of energy from a burnun

source through the use of a foot pedal and crank
system. This technology is most commonly used
for transportation and has been used to propel
bicycles for over a hundred years. Less commonly
podal power is used to power agricultural and hand
tools and even to generate electricity. Some
applications include pedal powered laptops, pedal
powered grinders and pedal powered water wells.
Some third world development projects currently
transform used bicycles into pedal powered tools
for sustainable development

This project concentrates on pedal powered

drilling machining. An individual can generate
four times more power (1.4 HP) by pedalling than
by hand-cranking. At the rate of HP, continuous
pedalling can be served for only short periods,
approximately 10 minutes. However, pedalling at
half this power (1/8 HP) can be sustained for close
to 60 minutes but power capability can depend
upon age. As a consequence of the brainstorming

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exercise, it was apparent that the primary function
of pedal power one specific product was
particularly useful: the bicycle. Many devices can
be run right away with mechanical energy. A saw
is a tool that uses a hard blade or wire with an
abrasive edge to cut through softer materials. The
cutting edge of a saw is either a serrated blade of
an abrasive. A saw may be worked by hand, or
powered by steam. Water, electric or other power.
An abrasive saw uses an abrasive disc or band for
cutting, rather than a serrated blade.

SUBJECTS DISCUSSED :

1. Stirling Engine

A stirling engine is a heat engine that operates by

cyclic compression and expansion of air or other
gas (the working fluid) at different temperatures,
such that there is a net conversion of heat energy
to mechanical work. More specifically, the Stirling

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engine is a closed-cycle regenerative heat engine
with a permanently gaseous working fluid, Closed
cycle, in this context, means a thermodynamic in
which the working fluid is permanently contained
within the system, and regenerative describes the
use of a specific type of internal heat exchanger
and thermal store, known as the regenerator. The
inclusion of a regenerator differentiates the Stirling
engine from other closed cycle hot air engines.

Originally conceived in 1816 as an industrial

prime mover to rival the steam engine. Its practical
use was largely confined to low-power domestic
applications for over a century.

The Stirling engine is noted for high efficiency

compared to steam engines, quiet operation, and its
ability to use almost any heat source. The heat
energy source is generated external to the Stirling
engine rather than by internal combustion as with
the Otto cycle or Diesel cycle engines. Because the
Stirling engine is compatible with alternative and
renewable energy sources it could become
increasingly significant as the price of

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conventional fuels rises, and also in light of
concerns such as peak oil and climate change. This
engine is currently exciting interest as the core
component of micro combined heat and power
(CHP) units, in which it is more efficient and safer
than a comparable steam engine. However, it has a
low power-to weight ratio rendering it more
suitable for use in static installations where space
and weight are not at a premium.

2.Electricity Generation Using Speed Breaker:

In this model we show that how we can generate

electricity from the busy traffic Conversion of the
mechanical energy into electrical energy is widely
used concept. It is a mechanism to generate power
by converting the potential energy generated by a
vehicle going up on a speed breaker into rotational
energy,

We can use this simple concept to the project. We

can connect one mechanical rod with the dynamo
and fit this rod on the surface of the road When any
vehicle moves from this roller then due to friction,

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vehicle rotate the rod or roller and roller then move
the dynumo. When dynamo move, then it
generates a voltage and this voltage now connects
to the bulbs. In actual practice with the help of this
voltage we can charge the battery and then we can
use this voltage to light the small bulb, If we install
this unit to the any small flyover then with the help
of this mechanism, we can generate voltage, and
with the help of this voltage we can light the bulb

The second part of the project is the efficient use

of energy by using simple electronics. We always
see that road lights continuously glow whether
vehicles are on the road or not. We can introduce a
concept to avoid this wastage of light. We can use
two sensors between some distances.

3.Modification In Local Train’s Compartment

For ventilation in local compartments, we use fans

which needs electricity. Sufficient energy loss
place in ventilation, we can make easy and eco-
friendly ventilation system in the compartments

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using natural air flowing around the compartment
due to movement of train.

Main components

Main Components of Pedal Powered Drilling

Machine :

• Pedal
• Sprocket
• Chain
• Crank
• Connecting Rod
• Flywheel
• Bearing Blocks
• Brake
• Drilling

1. Pedal:

A bicycle podal is the part of a bicycle that

the rider pushes with their foot to propel the

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 bicycle. It provides the connection between
the cyclist’s foot or shoe and the crank
allowing the leg to turn the bottom bracket
spindle and propel the bicycle’s wheels.
Pedals were initially attached to cranks
connecting directly to the driven (usually
front) wheel. The safety bicycle, as it is
known today, came into being when the
pedals were attached to a crank driving a
sprocket that transmitted power to the driven
wheel by means of a roller chain.

2.Sprocket:

A sprocket or sprocket-wheel is a profiled wheel

with teeth, cogs, or even sprockets that mesh with a
chain track or other perforated or indented material.
The name sprocket’ applies generally to any wheel
upon which radial projections engage a chain
passing over it. It is distinguished from a gear in
that sprockets are never meshed together directly,
and differs from a pulley in that sprockets have
teeth and pulleys are smooth.

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3.Sprocket chain :

Roller chain or bush roller chain is the type of chain

drive most commonly used for transmission A
sprocket or sprocket-wheel is a profiled wheel with
teeth, cogs, or even sprockets that mesh with a
chain, track or other perforated or indented material.
The name 'sprocket' applies generally to any wheel
upon which radial projections engage a chain
passing over it. It is distinguished from a gear in
that sprockets are never meshed together directly,
and differs from a pulley in that sprockets have
teeth and pulleys are smooth.

Construction of the Chain:

There are actually two types of links alternating in

the bush roller chain. The first type is inner links,
having two inner plates held together by two sleeves
or bushings upon which rotate two rollers. Inner

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links alternate with the second type, the outer links,
consisting of two outer plates held together by pins
passing through the bushings of the inner links. The
“bushingless” roller chain is similar in operation
though not in constructio instead of separate
bushings or sleeves holding the inner plates
together, the plate has a tube stamped into it
protruding from the hole which serves the same
purpose. This has the advantage of removing one
step in assembly of the chain.

4. Crank:
A crank is a mechanical part able to perform a
conversion between reciprocating motion and
rotational motion. In a reciprocating engine, it
translates reciprocating motion of the piston into
rotational motion:
whereas in a reciprocating compressor, it converts
the rotational motion into reciprocating motion. In
order to do the conversion between two motions, the
crankshaft has “crank throws” or “crankpins”,
additional bearing surfaces whose axis is offset
from that of the crank.

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5. Connecting Rod:
The connecting rod connects the piston to the
crank or crankshaft Together with the crank,
they form a simple mechanism that converts
reciprocating motion into rotating motion.As a
connecting rod is rigid, it may transmit either a
push or a pull and so the rod may rotate the
crank through both halves of a revolution, i.e.
piston pushing and piston pulling. Earlier
mechanisms, such as chains, could only pull. In
a few two-stroke engines, the connecting rod is
only required to push.

Today, connecting rods are best known through

their use in internal combustion piston engines,
such as automotive engines. These are of a
distinctly different design from earlier forms of
connecting rods, used in steam engines and
steam locomotives.

6.Flywheel:

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A flywheel is a rotating mechanical device that
is used to store rotational energy. Flywheels
have an inertia called the moment of inertia and
thus resist changes in rotational speed. The
amount of energy stored in a flywheel is
proportional to the square of its rotational
speed. Energy is transferred to a flywheel by
the application of u torque to it, thereby
increasing its rotational speed, and hence its
stored energy, Conversely, a flywheel releases
stored energy by applying torque to a
mechanical load, thereby decreasing the
flywheel’s rotational speed.

7. Bearing Blocks:

A bearing is a machine element that constrains

relative motion to only the desired motion, and
reduces friction between moving parts. The
design of the bearing may, for example,
provide for free linear movement of the moving
part or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or,
it may prevent a motion by controlling the

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 vectors of normal forces that bear on the
moving parts. Many bearings also facilitate the
desired motion as much as possible, such as by
minimizing friction. Bearings are classified
broadly according to the type of operation, the
motions allowed, or to the directions of the
loads (forces) applied to the parts.
8.Brakes:

A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits

motion, slowing or stopping a moving object or
preventing its motion.

Most brakes commonly use friction between

two surfaces pressed together to convert the
kinetic energy of the moving object into heat,
though other methods of energy conversion
may be employed. For example, regenerative
braking converts much of the energy to
electrical energy.

9.Drilling:

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A drilling is a fine-toothed saw, originally and
principally for cutting metal. They can also cut
various other materials, such as plastic and
wood; for example, plumbers and electricians
often cut plastic pipe and plastic conduit with
them. There are hand saw versions and
powered versions (power drillings).

CHAPTER 3
WORKING PRINCIPLE

It consists of the pedal arrangement which

rotates the crank and through it slider consists
of oscillating mechanism. The power is
transmitted to the crank and slider mechanism.
This mechanism is used to rotate the crank
dice; the dice which is having an extended rod
is connected to the sliding portion of the
drilling directly by means of a linkage. The
drilling is passed through the guide ways by
means of maintaining the drilling axis. As the

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user operated the pedal, the drilling machine is
drill the various materials automatically with
less power. The dead weight is for compressive
force while the user operated the foot pedal.

Chapter 4

ADVANTAGES

1. Time saving as compared to simple drilling

IL Power saving as it is manually operated

III. Easy machinery used

IV. As it is pedal operated so good for health

V. Comfortable then ordinary drilling

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VI. It is portable

VII. It could be used wherever metal cutting is

done in small scales, including at construction
sites and furniture units, or to cut metal for
window panes
Chapter 5
Calculations:

No. Of teeths on Driver Sprocket-TI

No. Of teeths on Driven Sprocket = 12

Pitch of the Chain – P

Teeth Ratio T1/T2

Velocity Ratio = (T1/T2 = N2/N1)

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 R1-P2 cosec (180/T1

R2 P/2 cosec (180/12)

Length of the chain=n(R1 R2) 2x (RI-R2Y/x

Input Power 2nNT/60
Where, N=Sprocket speed in rpm

T-Torque applied by human in Ni

T=Fxr

Where, F-Force applied by human in N

r-Length of pedal arm Now, we can increase

the torque by increasing the length of pedal
from its centre.

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The cutting force required-nxDx tx t

Where D = Diameter of workpiece

1-Cutting Depth

T-Shear strength of material

In case of rectangular workpicec,

F-2X (B+L) XIXT,

Where, B=Breadth of workpiece

L-Length of workpiece

Maximum power required – F... x V

Where,

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 V=velocity of blade

CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION
In the coming days, as demand of electricity is
increasing every moment, it will prove a great boon
to the world, since it will save a lot of electricity.
Pedal operated drilling machine brings hope for
recycling the wasted energy.

CHAPTER 7

REFERENCES
1. Theory of Machines By R.S. Khurmi and J.K
Gupta, 1” multicolour edition.

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2. A Textbook of Production Engineering by
P.C.Sharma

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