Building New Cities

A Case Study---- Greater Noida

Lessons from NCR

1
 National Capital Region

• Conceived to disperse Delhi immigration

• Ghaziabad, Faridabad----city extensions
• Gurgaon/Manesar
• Noida
• Greater Noida ---- 1991
• The main states---- Haryana, Uttar Pradesh

2
 Two Models

• Haryana Model---- Broad Land Use Plan by

State: Private Developers develop land -----
Segmented Approach

• Uttar Pradesh Model----- State Agency

acquires land. Prepares a development
Master Plan---- Integrated View

3
 UP Cities

• Ghaziabad------ extension of old city

• Noida------ to relocate Delhi industries

• Greater Noida ------ founded in 1991-92

4
 Greater Noida
• Handful of new integrated cities

• Greater Noida Industrial Development

Authority:- Responsible for
ƒ Planning, Development, O&M
ƒ Regulation
ƒ Investment Promotion

• A One Stop Shop for the City

• Industrial Area Development Act 1976

5
 Proposed Urban Area
• Phase-1 (up to 2001)
¾ Population : 3.0 Lacs
¾ Urbanisable Area : 5075 Ha

• Phase-2 (up to 2011)

¾ Population : 7.0 Lacs
¾ Urbanisable Area : 12,000 Ha

• Phase-3 (up to 2021)

¾ Population : 12.0 Lacs
¾ Urbanisable Area : 20,000 Ha

6
Challenges…
Planning and Infrastructure Design
• How do we develop the City Infrastructure
• How do we decide the quality and standard of
facilities
¾ Planning for Abundance : Change of Mind Set
• Providing Housing and Water for all
• How to make the city a pleasant place to live in
¾ Providing Clean, Healthy, and Green
Environment
¾ Harmony of Urban Form and Landscaping
¾ Life Style compatible lay-outs

7
Challenges…
Infrastructure development and its O&M
• How do we ensure development and
maintenance after city is populated ?
• Management of Urban Services on
commercial principles
• Providing for the controlled growth of
Informal sector
• Employment opportunities And Population
Explosion : counter magnets, satellite
towns…
• Security of citizens
8
Challenges…
Governance Model
• Decentralisation and delegation of power
• Inclusion of stakeholders
• Shared Vision and Codified Systems
• Simplified Regulations and Uniform
Enforcement
• Manage Change: Acceptance of new vision
• Champions--- within and without
• Delegate, communicate, public ownership
• Political cohesion and accountability

9
Challenges …
Funds
Persistent Cash-flow deficit as cities mature . . .
• Funding the Infrastructure Development and
maintenance of cities
¾ Revenue from tax collection goes to center
or states kitty
¾ Discretionary allocation of budget, at the
mercy of center or state who does not
control the problems that city is facing
¾ Nil or abysmally low revenue collection for
real municipal functions

10
 `

URBAN SCENARIO
 Positioning of Greater Noida
• High Quality of infrastructure

• Land of Plenty:- “Supply to Precede Demand”

• A Green Lung of the region, marked difference in

greenery and openness----a relief from the urban sprawl
of the rest of the NCR

• Landscaped/ Urban Design--Pleasant place to be and

live in

• Innovative Planning
 VISION FOR THE CITY
• A MODERN, EFFICIENT CITY OF
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

• AN ECO-FRIENDLY RELAXED
ENVIRONMENT:-
• GREEN, LANDSCAPED, FLOWERS, FOUNTAINS,
AESTHETICS.

• LAND OF PLENTY: SUPPLY TO PRECEDE

DEMAND
 VISION FOR THE CITY
• HOLISTIC PLANNING TO COVER ALL
URBANISATION ISSUES.

• PARTICIPATION OF THE RURAL

POPULATION IN URBANISATION.

• A PRO-ACTIVE INVESTOR-FRIENDLY
FRAMEWORK.
 The Development Model
Provide Quality Infrastructure
(Physical and Social)

Attract Industries
Generate
Education Hub Employment
Leisure Destination

City Development
How did we approach. . . .
 Our Approach to Counter Challenges
… 3 Node Approach
Meticulous ƒ Concept Structure Plan
Planning / ƒ Land use Master Plan
Development ƒ Transportation Plan
ƒ Funds for ƒ Services Master Plan
Development 1 ƒ Phasing Plan
ƒ Funds for O&M ƒ Landscaping Plan
ƒ Development as per Plan
Innovative
Fund
Management
3 2 Governance Strategy
ƒ Simple Regulations
ƒ Transparency
ƒ Uniform Enforcement
Challenges…
Drawbacks in Planning Process
• LACK OF CLARITY OF VISION: CONFLICTING CLAIMS

• VERY LITTLE EMPHASIS ON IMPLEMENTATION OF

PLAN

• DIVORCE OF PHYSICAL PLAN FROM FISCAL PLAN

• ABSENCE OF TRANSPORTATION MASTER PLAN

• NO ATTENTION TO
¾ LANDSCAPING
¾ URBAN DESIGN
¾ URBAN FORM

• TENDENCY TO LOSE SIGHT OF THE INDIVIDUAL

17
Challenges …
Drawbacks in Existing Indian Cities
• DIRTY AND UNKEMPT

• INADEQUATE AND SUBSTANDARD SERVICES AND

FACILITIES

• POOR MAINTENANCE

• WEAK ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS

• INADEQUATE PROVISION OF HOUSING FOR WEAKER

SECTIONS

• AD HOC FIXES RATHER THAN LONG TERM SOLUTIONS

• SHORTAGE OF FUNDS

18
Therefore, learning from our existing
cities………..

In Greater Noida, focus and emphasis

was given on controlled planning,
development, regulating unplanned
development and on efficient
maintenance of the city infrastructure,
all this from day one
 EVOLUTION OF THE
CONCEPT STRUCTURE PLAN
 Land Suitability Analysis
• Proximity to linkages
• Proximity to existing settlements
• Ground water availability
• Soil type and soil bearing capacity
• Drainage pattern
• Proximity to ecologically sensitive areas.
Superimposition by weightage method to
identify

• Areas most suitable and moderately

suitable for urbanisation.
• Ecologically sensitive areas not suitable
for urban development.
• Ground water re-charge areas not suitable
for urban development.
• Areas away from main approaches and
should be taken up as last priority for
urbanisation.
 EXISTING AND PROPOSED

DRAFT MASTER PLAN NH 24 LAND - USES FOR 2011 & 2021

LEGEND

G
2021

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RESIDENTIAL ZONE R 130M WIDE ROAD

. R
COMMERCIAL ZONE C 105 M WIDE ROAD

O
AD
M WHOLESALE TRADE W 80M WIDE ROAD

INDUSTRIAL ZONE M 60M WIDE ROAD

M INSTITUTIONAL ZONE 45M WIDE ROAD
FROM NOIDA
M (i) INSTITUTIONAL RAILWAY LINE
P3 M R
C
(ii) REGIONEL LEVEL RI LRT
T R
RI C R INSTITUTION
P3 TUGLAQKABAD
RI (III) UTILITIES U BORAKI RAIL LINK
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RI R
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C C GREEN AREAS SEZ A1
R C U
P3 U RECREATIONAL GREEN P1 VILLAGE ABADI
P3 T
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R C R INSTITUTIONAL GREENS P2 RIVER
R C U
R R NURSERY & HORTICULTURE P3 WATER BODIES
R R
R RESERVED FOREST P4 UPSIDC
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KNOWLEDGE
PARK V
P1 R TRANSPORTATION
R BUS TERMINAL & T AGRICULTURAL
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P3 R REALATED USE
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THE REVISED DRAFT MASTER PLAN WAS PRESENTED IN
THE 51ST BOARD MEETING HELD ON 08.11.04THE REVISION DONE
K AU
AN
WERE: (A) THE REVISED ALIGNMENT OF TAJ EXPRESSWAY; (B) CANTONMENT
AREA HAS BEEN CONVERTED INTO INDUSTRIAL USE, INDUSTRIAL AREA ALONG
ALONG G.T. ROAD CONVERTED INTO AGRICULTURAL USE;
(C) INSTITUTIONAL AREA REVISED ALONG TAJ EXPRESSWAY. D SCALE:
NOTE 1: THE DRAFT MASTER PLAN PRESENTED
5. CHANGE IN SHAPE OF OMEGA-I&II, PHI-I&II, CHI-Iⅈ 1000 M 500 0M 1000 2000 3000 M
IN THE 40TH BOARD MEETING HELD ON
THE REVISED DRAFT MASTER PLAN WAS PRESENTED IN 17.7.2001
THE 46TH BOARD MEETING HELD ON 25.03.03THE REVISION DONE
WERE: THE ALIGNMENT OF BY PASS ROAD FROM NH-24 TO DCS ROAD;
BY IDC
4. CHANGE IN SHAPE OF OMEGA-I&II, PHI-I&II, CHI-Iⅈ
CHANGE IN SHAPE OF GAUTAM BUDHA UNIVERSITY AND 25.03.03

DRAFT MASTER PLAN

SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT ZOME ALONG TAJ EXPRESS WAY.
REKHA T DEYWANI LEENU SAHGAL NIMISHA SHARMA MANISH LAL
GM (PLNG & ARCH) DGM (PLNG) S.E. (P) MANAGER (PLNG.)
3. LOCATION OF UNIVERSITY INDICATED IN THE MASTER PLAN
23.07.02
PLAN AS PER LANDUSE CHANGE PROPOSAL APPROVED

THE REVISED DRAFT MASTER PLAN WAS PRESENTED IN RAKESH BAHADUR R.C.P. SINGH
2.

GREATER NOIDA - 2021

THE 43RD BOARD MEETING HELD ON 29.06.02.THE REVISION 29.06.02 C.C.E.O A.C.E.O

DONE WERE REALIGNMENT OF 130.0M WIDE ROAD,SHIFTING

OF AIRPORT AS PER FEASIBILITY REPORT,PROVISION OF
METRO RAIL AND THE PROPOSAL WAS APPROVED REKHA T DEYWANI LEENU SEGHAL ASHU

THE DRAFT MASTER PLAN WAS PRESENTED IN THE 40TH GM (PLNG & ARCH) DGM (PLNG) S.E. (P)
1. BOARD MEETING HELD ON 17.7.01,AND THE FOLLOWING
CHANGES WERE DONEi.e.SHIFTING OF AIRPORT,PROVISION LALIT SHRIVASTAVA SUDHIR GARG
OF INSTITUTIONAL GREEN,SHIFTING OF REGIONAL LVL. 17.07.01 C.E.O A.C.E.O
INSTIUTIONAL,PROVISION OF CANTONMENT REKHA T DEYWANI LEENU SEGHAL NIMISHA
GM (PLNG & ARCH) SM (PLNG) MGR. (P)

RADHA CHAUHAN
S.NO. REVISIONS MADE IN THE PLAN DATE BRIJESH KUMAR
C.E.O D.C.E.O
REGIONAL CONNECTIVIT
LEGEND

M ARIPAT DADR1 ROB

D A D R 1R A I L W A Y
STATION

TIL P A TTA B Y P A SS
IN LAN D CON T-
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PROPOSED LOCATION OF AIRPORT

PROPOSED TAJ EXPRESSWAY

DANK AUR
 Assessed and addressed the Transportation
Linkages as city perceived to be far from
Delhi…Distance reduced to 20 min
Distances are from Greater
• Regional Noida to respective places
Connectivity
¾ 6 lane Express way
¾ Link road to NH-24 25 Kms 75 Kms
¾ Rail Link to Delhi 25 Kms

¾ Taj Expressway
from Greater Noida 35 Kms
to Agra
¾ Delhi Metro project
on anvil
 R
PU
GHAZIABAD

HA
FROM DELHI
NH 2

TO
4

CONCEPT
NATIONAL/
REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS

PLAN
FRO
M DEL
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NOIDA M.P. ROAD
INDUSTRIAL AREA
CENTRAL SPINE
BACK BONE FOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
MASS TRANSIT SYSTEM

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GROUND WATER TO S
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AREAS

PROPOSED
AREA FOR

PROPOSED TAJ EXPRESSWAY

AIRPORT

STRONG REGIONAL LINKAGES

LINEAR CITY
GRID IRON PATTERN
CENTRAL SPINE
NATIONAL/REGIONAL ACTIVITIES ON PERIPHERY
INDUSTRIAL AREA LOCATED ON PERIPHERY
WELL DISTRUBUTED COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
INTER LINKED GREENS
ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS
GROUND WATER RECHARGE AREAS
TO MATHURA
AGRA

SCALE :
1:50,000 CONCEPT PLAN, GREATER NOIDA - 2021
 NH 24 EXISTING AND PROPOSED
LAND - USES FOR 2011 & 2021

MASTER

G
.T
LEGEND

.RO
RESIDENTIAL TRANSPORTAT ION

AD
COMMERCIAL 130M WIDE ROAD

INDUSTRIAL 105 M WIDE ROAD

FROM NOIDA INSTITUTIONAL 80M WIDE ROAD

60M WIDE ROAD

PLAN2021
UTILITIES
RAILWAY LINE

GREEN AREAS SPECIAL USES

GREEN AREAS WHOLESALE MANDI
RECREATIONAL GREEN INSTITUTIONAL -REG. LVL
INSTITUTIONAL GREENS VILLAGE ABADI

NURSERY & HORTICULTURE SEZ

RESERVED FOREST USE UNDEFINED

AGRICULTURAL PHASE -I-2001
PHASE -II-2011

DSC ROAD
I.C.D.

WHOLESALE
TRADE

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NOTE: THE DRAFT MASTER PLAN PRESENTED

PRO PO SE
SCALE: IN THE 40TH BOARD MEETING HELD ON
1000 M 500 0M 1000 2000 3000 M
17.7.2001

MASTER PLAN, GREATER NOIDA - 2021

R EKHA T D EYWANI LEEN U SEGHAL N IMISHA
GM (PLN G & ARCH) SM (PLNG) MGR . (P)

BRIJESH KUMAR R ADH A C HAU HAN

C .E.O D .C .E.O
 Salient features of the Plan

o Adequate road and rail linkages for movement of

commuters and freight.

o Grid iron pattern of road network with economic

activities located on the major routes to support an
efficient Mass Transportation System.

o A 130.0 m. wide road has been planned as the

backbone of the linear city for connecting the
northern end to the southern part of the city and also
to Noida and Delhi.

o Regional level landuses located at the periphery of the

city
 Salient features of the Plan

o Major work centers are well distributed

throughout the city.
o Industrial , Institutional areas planned on the
periphery to cater to the region.
o Industrial, Institutional areas are planned with all
common facilities required within the area.
o Residential areas planned with a heirarchy of
community facilities and open spaces.
 Road Network

HEIRARCHY OF ROAD NETWORK

o 130m. wide main arterial road ( Central Spine from North- west to
South-East)

o 105 m. wide the Meridian road.

o 80 m. wide Promenade (S.K.Road) and road along kot escape.

o 75 m. wide Noida-Greater Noida Expressway.

o 60 m. wide sector peripheral roads.

o 45 m. wide DSC Road(existing) road along railway line.

o Typical cross section for roads designed for provision for NMVs, bus
lanes, pedestrian facilities, space for all services
 TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR ARTERIAL &
SECTORAL ROADS

80m

4m 7m 7m 5m 4m 11m 4m 11m 4m 5m 7m 7m 4m
2.5% 4% 2.5% 0.25m 2.5% 2.5% 0.25m 2.5% 4% 2.5%

SPACE FOR SERVICE ROAD SPACE FOR UTILITIES FOOT PATH NMV LANE MV LANE MEDIAN MV LANE NMV LANE FOOT PATH SPACE FOR UTILITIES SERVICE ROAD SPACE FOR
GREENERY GREENERY
ELEC. TEL. TEL. ELEC.
DUCT DUCT DUCT DUCT

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR 80m ROW ROAD

130m
0.3m 0.3m
1.2m
1.5m 3m 2m 3m 2m 2m 3m 10.5m 6.5m 5m 1m 11m 3.5m 19m 3.5m 1.2m 11m 1m 5m 6.5m 10.5m 3m 2m 2m 3m 2m 3m 1.5m
2.5% 4% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 4% 2.5%
DRAIN

DRAIN
WATER/SEWER LINE

WATER/SEWER LINE
SPACE FOR TRUNK

SPACE FOR TRUNK

SPACE FOR TEL. &

SPACE FOR TEL. &

ENTR. CABLES

ENTR. CABLES
BERM

BERM
SPACE FOR PLANTATION

SPACE FOR PLANTATION

SPACE FOR ELEC. CABLES

SPACE FOR ELEC. CABLES

SPACE FOR CNG/LPG

SPACE FOR CNG/LPG

WALK SERVICE ROAD FOOT PATH NMV LANE MV LANE BUS LANE MEDIAN BUS LANE MV LANE NMV LANE FOOT PATH SERVICE ROAD WALK
WAY WAY

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR 130m ROW ROAD WITH HCBS

DRAIN OF DRAIN OF
5mx5m 5mx5m
APPROACH TO PLANNING

INFORMAL SECTOR NEIGHBOUHOOD

BLOCK SECTOR

COMMUNITY CITY REGION

33
 Elements of City Planning
• Sector layouts critical in defining a city’s life
style.

• Parks and playgrounds---- Flowing Greens

--- 45% area under roads and open spaces.

• Daily Needs at Walking Distances

• Equitable norms for social infrastructure

defined for each sector; provided from the
34

beginning
 …Thought-through plan addressing the
likely problems of today's cities

• Informal Sector planned as an integral part of

the city
• Provision of Kiosks at Strategic Locations
• Convenient earmarked places for hawkers
• Weekly markets
• Sites for housing for informal sector: 5% of
residential area
• Urbanisation and Integration of Villages with
the city
 …… Smooth Flow of Traffic

¾ Roads built for almost full traffic from the

start
¾ No direct access on arterial roads
¾ Design and maintenance norms specified
¾ Pedestrian/Cycle Movement Plan
¾ Liberal Parking Norms
¾ No parking in Road Right of Way
¾ Parking areas identified/developed
¾ Bus bays as part of road design
¾ Bus shelters
 … Urban Design Plan
• Emphasis on City Aesthetics

¾ Manicured Landscapes.
¾ Solid Waste Management System.
¾ Well planned Street Furniture.
¾ Harmony of form and colour of buildings.
¾ Development of Focal Points.

The distinguishing characteristic of Greater

Noida
 …. Environmentally Sustainable …
The Landscaping Plan
• Key Features

¾ About 25% area reserved for Greenery

¾ Interlinked green spaces – continuous lung space
¾ Green belts along arterial roads to control
development, improve aesthetics and environment
¾ Introduced innovative concept of institutional
green areas
¾ Detailed tree plantation plan to ensure shade &
flowers round the year
 …… Pleasing Environment

• Ensuring Streetscape
¾ Detailed Signage Plan
¾ No hoardings permitted in the city
¾ Controlled Signages and Display Boards
¾ No-Bills / No Painting on walls - Heavy penalties
¾ Large Plot owners to install illuminated boards
¾ Provisioning for Public Conveniences
¾ Well laid out avenues
 …. Ensuring Urban Form

• Harmony of Urban Form

¾ Norms defined for ramps, design / height of
boundary walls, plantation, plinth height
¾ Predefined Colour Scheme for buildings on
main roads

¾ All services provided inside individual

premises at the time of initial development
¾ Building Lines Specified through detailed
Zonal Plan
 Elements of City Planning
• City Level Infrastructure
• Land Use Plans/ Zoning regulations
• Sewerage and Solid Waste
• Environmental Impact– Water
Harvesting
• Institutions/Industries
• Soft Infrastructure
• Shelter for the poor
• Life style requirements
 The City

• A Human Enterprise
• A segment of land where people have
chosen to live and work
• Mosaic of activities and buildings
• Woven together by a network of
streets, transportation, utilities
• Held together by social bonds and
economic conditions
42
 Role of City Planning
• A City Plan has to arrange all these
elements properly as the city develops
• Not simply about the construction of
buildings and parking lots on isolated
parcels, and the physical infrastructure
• In the aggregate it is about something much
larger and significant to all citizens:
community building.
43
 Our Obsession was to make Greater
Noida a Modern, Composite and Efficient
City of International Standards
• Challenge is just not in the visioning
and initial development of the city

• Maintenance is a continuous process

• To ensure sustainability of services,

byelaws, maintaining streetscape,
controlling informal sector

• Merely systems not sufficient:

…….
THANK YOU
 …. Land Use Plan
Not only developed but controlled
Its compliance
‰ Total Urbanisable Area up to 2021 is 20,000 Ha

13%
25%

25%
6%

12%
19%
Residential Commercial
Institutional Industrial
Green Transportation
 …. Services Planned and ensured at
the stage of Master Plan
• Separate Services Master Plans
prepared
¾ Water Supply Network
¾ Transportation Planning
¾ Sewerage System
¾ Power Distribution Plan
¾ Convergence Network Plan
¾ Solid Waste Management Plan
¾ Landscaping Plan
Provisioning as per these Plans
 …. Well planned road network,
Can cater to even DMRC’s requirement
DADRI

• Key Features NOIDA

¾ 130 m ROW road as

ICD

GT
RO
AD
the backbone

(S
DE

H2
L

2)
HI
connecting the
northern end to
southern end UNIVERSITY

6L
AN
E
EX
¾ Hierarchy of Roads

PR

TO
E

CA
SS

LC
W
AY
(sector roads 60-

UT
AT
108m ROW)
¾ Slow moving traffic
only on service lane
of arterial roads
 …. Expansion plan to cater to increase in
population
‰ Phase-1 (up to 2001)
¾ Population : 3.0 Lacs
¾ Urbanisable Area : 5075 Ha
‰ Phase-2 (up to 2011)
¾ Population : 7.0 Lacs
¾ Urbanisable Area : 12,000 Ha
‰ Phase-3 (up to 2021)
¾ Population : 12.0 Lacs
¾ Urbanisable Area : 20,000 Ha

Phasing Criteria
“Supply” always ahead of the “Demand”
Governance and Regulation
Model
 …… GNIDA’s Mandate

• Greater Noida was Set-up in January 1991 under

the UP Industrial Area Development Act 1976

• The Act mandates Planning, Development,

Operations & Maintenance as well as Regulation
functions

• GNIDA as the Investment Promotion Agency

 Lean Management Structure

• Lean Management & Operative Organisation

Structure

¾ Outsourcing of activities
¾ Following the Management contract route to
Operate and Maintain the services
¾ Computer based operative and implementation
systems
 …. Evolved the Concept Structure Plan

• Strong Regional Linkages

• Linear City, with Central Spine
• Grid Iron Pattern
• National / Regional Activities on periphery
• Industrial Areas located on Periphery
• Well distributed Commercial / Institutional
• Interlinked Greens
• Ecologically Sensitive Areas
• Ground Water Recharge Areas

54
 Guideline and Systems
• Minimal Regulation --- Strict Compliance
• Emphasis on ‘Envelope Concept’
¾ Periphery of building (Setback, Ground coverage,
FAR, Building height)
¾ Internal details are prerogative of Owners

• Well defined Bye-laws, guidelines & directions for

development
• Clear time frames for various clearances

• Certification of Plans by Architects

• Deemed Completion
 Setting Performance Standards
• Quantitative standards defined for services
(Downtime, complaint response time, periodicity
& frequency of service, preventive maintenance)
¾ Power Supply
¾ Water Supply & Sewage Treatment
¾ Solid Waste Management
¾ Convergence Network
¾ Road Maintenance
¾ Security of public & private properties
• Strict penalties defined for violation of these
standards by operators
 Transparent Administration

• Simplified regulations

• Uniformity in enforcement

• Exceptions only in very rare cases

• System for land allotment and tendering well

publicised.

• Transparency
 Enhanced Role for Community

Powers have been decentralized

and given to Neighbourhood
Management Councils, ensuring
compliance of laws relating to
planning and maintenance
of services
 Powers, Duties and Responsibilities
of NMCs
• Implementation of regulations, Bye-laws, guidelines,
directions
• Supervising and organising maintenance of all
services and amenities as arranged by Authority
• Educate and motivate the residents to follow ‘good
practices’
• Ensure that the appointed operators perform their
duties in the their neighbourhood, viz. Solid Waste
Management, Security Personnel(s), etc.
• Change in land use subject to NMC concurrence
3 Fund(s) Management
 Challenge of Managing Capex and
Revenue Expenditure
• Capital expenditure plan synchronized with the Master
Plan of the City
• Capital Budget and Profitability Analysis on long term
basis to ensure financial sustainability of the city
• Fix on Revenue Expenditure through management
contract policy to ensure better control
• Accounting Policy in place
¾ Achieved double entry system
¾ Policy on accrual basis, gives product-wise profitability
¾ Separate reserve funds for expansion and maintenance of
services provided for
 Financial Management
ADEQUATE FINANCIAL PROVISIONING
FOR:-

--- CREATION OF ASSETS

--- SUBSEQUENT MAINTENANCE

 Financial Provision for Creation
• Long term corporate plan prepared --- fund
created for future development

• Special funds created for future

development and city level projects and
facilities

• All costs loaded in pricing of land

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 Provision for Maintenance

• Part provision made in the capital cost

• Specific items earmarked for each

fund
---- For landscaping
---- For urban services

64
 Funds Created for …
Urban services
1) Lease Rent
2) User Fees
3) Fees and Penalties
4) Interest from urban services fund
Greening and landscaping
1) Charges for special projects
2) Income from sale of green areas.
65
 Innovative ways to ensure sufficient
fund flows
• Enhancement of Revenue Base
¾ Differential pricing mechanism for commercial,
residential, industrial and institutional
¾ Loading cost of special projects on the basic sale
price, loaded upfront..
¾ User fee for maintenance of infrastructure and
landscaping, pay as you use concept (for water)
¾ Have built in enough reserve funds to manage
the major overhaul and rehabilitation of assets
 Private Sector
An Equal Partner in City’s
Development
Private Sector to be a Major Player in
Civic Services
• To avoid experience of other cities:-
¾ bloated staff
¾ poor services

• Mobilise Private Sector Finances

• More efficient services

• State of art technology

…. Facilitated The Development Process
through private sector participation
• Substantial Private Sector Participation
¾ Private Power distribution since 1993 (NPCL)
¾ Convergence Network (Now Citi Cable)
¾ Solid Waste Management - waste collection,
segregation at source, transportation,
mechanical sweeping of main roads
¾ Residential Colonies and Group Housing
¾ Malls and Commercial Development
• Participation within the framework of the City
Plan
Experience of the Privatisation Process

• Very Few Players for Civic Services

• Too risk averse: risk sharing vs. no risk
• Guarantees for 10-20 years required
• Emphasis on short-term benefits
¾ Disregard for quality of services
¾ Temptation to violate norms with
disastrous long-term effects
• Need to develop private sector as a good brand
 • Commitment needed of all the players,
public and private
• Private Sector Participants to be equally
conscious of maintaining norms
• Necessary to devise a system to act as a
continuous watchdog
• Concerned & informed public opinion
needs to bring its weight to ensure
continued adherence to the vision drafted for
the CITY
Greater Noida: the first city in the wake of
Liberalization

Developed a Strategy different from the

traditional

Limited Funds (seed capital only Rs. 5.0 crores)

Financially Viable, High Quality,

Environmentally Sustainable Model
A Replicable Model
Successfully competes with other cities
 Mind Set and Attitude of
Paramount Importance
“Can Do” Approach
Plan and Provide Facilities
Build Structure and Systems
 Glance at the Financial Summary……
Last Decade
• Started the operation with seed capital of only Rs 5
crores (revolving fund) from UP Govt
Sources of Funds (Rs. 1376 Cr.) Application of Funds (Rs. 1300 Cr.)
207100
68000
% 3%
%

565800
192200
%
%
958200
Cap. Receipts Loans Reserves Cap. Exp.
%
Loans / Debtors
Rev. Exp.

Capital Receipt: Sale realisation Capital Exp.: Land Acq, Development

works, village development