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Alexandria University
Faculty of Engineering

Matlab

Edit by:Eng-Abdelrahman Mohamed Farghly

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Contents
➢Introduction
➢Matrices
▪ Numerical matrixes
➢Elementary Math
▪ Math Functions
➢Graphics Fundamentals
▪ 2D plotting
▪ 3D plotting
▪ Subplots
➢Script Files
➢M-file Programming
➢Flow Control Statements
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➢Matlab Simulink
➢Graphical User Interface (GUI)

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for any extra information contact math works

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Alexandria University
Faculty of Engineering

Introduction

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• MATLAB Name origin:

➢Matlab stands for matrix Laboratory

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• What is MATLAB?

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Installing matlab

o First install matlab to make a practice

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• Desktop Tools (Matlab)

• Command Window
type commands

• Workspace
▫ view program variables
▫ clear to clear
▫ double click on a variable to see it in the Array Editor

• Command History
▫ view past commands
▫ save a whole session using diary

• Launch Pad
▫ access tools, demos and documentation

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Change the current

directory to the
location of your
Matlab file at
startup
Workspace

Command
History Command Window
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Workspace Interface
⚫ The workspace provides a summary of the
variables

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Command History Interface

⚫ The Command History stores all the commands
entered in the Command Window previously
⚫ No history of .m-files is shown here

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Notes before starting

✓MATLAB is case-sensitive
✓ A variable name should begin with a letter
✓ When you save a file care for its name:
✓ No spaces
✓ Start with a letter
✓ Use only letters, numbers or underscores

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• Changing Font Size :

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• Changing color:

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•
Syntax Errors
⚫ All errors are given in the Command Window in
red
⚫ Nature of error is explained

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❑Clear command window

▪ Clc

❑To clear workspace

▪ clear all

❑To clear variable

▪ Clear “ variable”

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➢X=5 command

➢X=5;

to return to before command or after

click in keyboard

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➢who command

➢whos

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Basic Math Operations

➢To compute a math expression composed of numbers
and mathematics operators
➢+ addition
➢- subtraction
➢* multiplication
➢/ division
➢^ power

Compute (2+3-9)*7^2/4
ans
=-49

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Example

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Arithmetic operation:
» -5/(4.8+5.32)^2
ans =
-0.0488
» (3+4i)*(3-4i)
ans =
25
» cos(pi/2)
ans =
6.1230e-017
» exp( acos(0.3))
ans =
3.5470

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Complex number:
» X=3+4i
real(x)
ans =
3
» Imag(x)
ans =
4
» Abs(x)
ans =
5
» Angle(x)
ans =
0.9273

» Conj(x)
Ans =
3-4i

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Trigonometric
➢Example:
➢ compute the difference
Sin(pi/2) and Sind(90)

▪ First for radian

▪ Second for degree

▪ More example :
▪ sin(pi/4) ,Sind(45)
▪ asin(1) and a Sind(1)
▪ Sec (x),cosec(x),cot(x),tan(x),…….ete

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General Math Expressions

• To compute a math expression composed of
numbers, variables and mathematics operators
• Define all variables
• The others are the same
• E.g. x=3;y=6;x+y=? It is equivalent to 3+6

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Calculations at the Command Line

Assigning Variables
» a = 2; Semicolon
» b = 5; suppresses
screen output
» a^b
ans = Results
32 assigned to
» x = 5/2*pi; “ans” if name
not specified
» y = sin(x)
y =
1
» z = asin(y) () parentheses for
z = function inputs
1.5708

A Note about Workspace:

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Round-off functions

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Relational operation
➢ A > B The result is true if A is greater than B, and is false otherwise
➢ A < B The result is true if A is smaller than B, and is false otherwise
• A>=B True if A is greater than or equal to B, false otherwise
• A<=B True if A is smaller than or equal to B, false otherwise
• A==B The result is true is A is equal to B, and is false otherwise
• A~=B The result is true is A is not equal to B, and is false otherwise

• Examples:
• >>a=5;b=2;
• >>x=a>b; %x=1
• >>x=(a~=b) %x=1

• Note:
• Many users confuse the double equality sign (==) used in relational tests with
the equality sign (=) used in assignments. When a user uses (=) instead of (==),
Matlab usually reports that an expected relational operator wasn't found.

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Relational operation

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Relational operation

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Relational operation

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Logical operation

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Logical operation

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Logical operation

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Logical operation

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Logical operation

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General Functions
• who: List current variables
• whos: List current variables in details
• clear x: Clear variable x from memory
• clear all: Clear all variables from memory
• open: opens new file
• figure(n): opens new figure numbered n
• close: closes last figure
• close all: closes all figures
• dir: List files in directory
• format: Set output format
• Help: to know about any command and example
• Lookfor: to search for command
• exit: quits MATLAB

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Exercise
• 5 minutes
• x=123;y=234;z=345
• Write the command expression and get the
result:
1) the sum of x and y
2) subtract y from z
3) the multiplication of x and z
• Answer
1) x+y=357;2)z-y=111;3)x*z=42435

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