Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad

EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3 Th Semester)

Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad

Electronics Lab

Electric Circuit Analysis II

Experiment No.01:Study of Wye-Delta networks and Wheatstone bridge

applied to dc networks using actual hardware components

Name of Student: ……………………………………………………..

Roll No.: ……………………………………………………………….

Class Section: …………………………………………………………

Date of Experiment: ………………………………………………….

Report submitted on: …………………………………………………

Marks obtained: …………………………………

Instructor’s Signature: …………………………..

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 Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad
EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3 Th Semester)

1. Objectives

1. To calculate and measure the equivalent resistance of the wye-delta networks.

2. To become familiar with the construction and terminal characteristics of the
Wheatstone bridge.

2. Background Information

Wye-delta Networks
There are certain network configurations in which the resistors do not appear to be in
series or parallel. Under these conditions it is necessary to convert the network from one
form to another. The two networks to be investigated in this experiment are the wye (Y)
and the delte (Δ), both of which appear in Fig 2.1.

c a a

Rc Ra
Rca Rab

c b
Rb
Rbc

(a) (b)
Fig 2.1
Y-Δ Conversion: Δ-Y Conversion:
Rb Rc Rab R ca
Rbc =Rb + R c + Ra =
Ra R ab+ R bc + Rca

Rb Rc Rab R bc
Rbc =Rb + R c + Rb =
Ra R ab+ R bc + Rca

Rc R a Rbc Rca
Rca =Rc + Ra + Rc =
Rb Rab + Rbc + Rca

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 Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad
EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3 Th Semester)

Wheatstone bridge

The Wheatstone bridge is used to make very precise measurements of unknown

resistance. The basic configuration appears in Fig 2.1. The unknown resistance is R x. The
resistors R1 , R 2∧R3are precision resistors of known value.

a
I3
I1
R1
R3
 DMM
VS b V d

I2 Ix
R2
Rx

c Potentiometer

Fig 2.1

The network is balanced when the voltmeter (V) reads zero. We know from circuit
theory:

V ab=V ad (2.1)
And
V bc =V dc (2.2)

By substitution
I 1 R1=I 3 R 3 (2.3)

And
I 2 R2=I x R x ( 2.4)

We know that at balanced condition:

I 1=I 2 And I 3=I x

Now dividing Eq. (2.3) by Eq. (2.4), we get:

I 1 R1 I 3 R 3
= (2.5)
I 2 R2 I x R x

R1 R3
= (2.6)
R2 Rx

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 Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad
EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3 Th Semester)

Experimental Work

Equipment & Components Required

1. Digital Multimeter
2. DC Power Supply
3. Breadboard
4. Resistors:

CodedValueMeasuredValue

i. 100 Ω(1/ 4 W )⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯

ii. 220 Ω ( 1/4 W ) ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯

iii. 330 Ω(1/4 W )⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯

iv. 470 Ω(1/4 W )⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯

v. 560 Ω(1/ 4 W )⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯
680 Ω ( 1/4 W ) ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯

5. R x :5 k Ω potentiometer
6. Connecting wires

Procedure

Wye-delta Networks
1. Construct the network of Fig 3.1. Using the coded values of the resistors calculate the
equivalent resistances applying the Wye-delta conversions as indicated in Fig. 3.1 (a).
2. Using the measured values of Wye & delta resistances, calculate the equivalent
resistances as indicated in Table 3.1 (b).

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 Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad
EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3 Th Semester)
Rca
c a

Rc Ra

Rbc Rab

Rb

b
Fig 3.1
Ra Rb Rc Rab Rbc Rca Req(cal)at a∧b Req (cal)at b∧c Req (cal)at c∧a
100 Ω 220 Ω 330 Ω 470 Ω 560 Ω 680 Ω
(a)

Ra−m Rb−m Rc−m Rab−m Rbc−m Rca −m Req (m)at a∧b Req (m)at b∧c Req (m)at c∧a

(b)
Table 3.1

3.2.1 Wheatstone bridge Network:

1. Construct the network of Fig 3.2. Set the potentiometer to the maximum resistance
setting.
2. Starting with the meter on a higher voltage scale, vary the potentiometer until voltage
V bd is as close to zero as possible. Then drop the voltage scales to the lowest possible
range to set the voltage V bd as close to zero as possible. The bridge is now balanced.
3. Measure the voltagesV ab ,V ad ,V bc ∧V dc . Record these values in Table 3.2.
4. Measure the currents I 1 , I 2∧I 3 .Record these values in Table 3.2.
5. From the values of Table 3.2, we know that I 1=I 2 . Similarly, we can say that I 3=I x .
Now using Ohm’s law, calculate R x as given in Table 3.2.
6. Disconnect the potentiometer (used as a rheostat) and measure its resistance. Record
the measured value of R x in Table 3.2.
7. Calculate R x by the balanced condition:
R1 R3
=
R2 Rx
8. Compare the values of R x given in Table 3.2.

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 Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad
EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3 Th Semester)
a
I3
I1 330 

R1
R3
 DMM
100 

VS 10V b V d
220 

I2 Ix
R2
Rx

c
5 k Potentiometer

Fig. 3.2: Wheatstone bridge Network

V dc Measure R2
V ab V ad V bc V dc I1 I2 I3 R x= d R x =R3 ×
I 3=I x Rx R1

Table3.2

Questions:

1. Comment on the results of Table3.1.

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2. Comment on the results of Table 3.2.

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Lab #01 Marks Details:

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 Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad
EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3 Th Semester)

# Qualities & Criteria 0 < Poor <=40 40< Satisfactory <= 70 70 < Good <= 90 90< Excellent <=100
ER1 Task Completion No Tasks were completed/ Some tasks were Few tasks were left to All tasks completed in
minimal effort shown completed. Could not be completed. due time. All goals
justify the reasons for Provided acceptable achieved.
uncompleted tasks and justification for the
goals. uncompleted tasks and
goals.
ER2 Neat and Clean Components are wired but Most of the wires are Few but not all All components are
circuit didn’t ensure neatness and untidy with jumbled up components are wired wired in a neat, clean
constructions cleanliness at all /minimal connections in a neat, clean and and safe manner
effort shown safe manner
ER6 Troubleshooting Unable to identify the Able to identify the Able to identify the Is able to identify the
fault / minimal effort fault but unable to fault but partially fault and able to make
shown remove it removes it necessary steps and
actions to correct it
ER9 Results and Plots Unable to produce any Inaccurate plots and Correct plots without Good presentation of
plots or results /minimal results any necessary the correct plots with
efforts shown identifying features proper labels, captions
such as labels, captions & visibility
& visibility
RR1 Format/Layout & Follows poorly the Follows, for some part, Follows, for most part, Closely follows all the
Organization requirement related to all the requirements all the requirements requirements related to
format and layout. The related to format and related to format and format and layout.
report is disorganized to layout. The layout. The Written work is well
the extent that it prevents organization is unclear organization is organized and easy to
understanding of he generally good, but understand
content some parts seem out of
place

RR2 Content/Informati The report is not objective
on based and addresses the
issues referred in the
proposed topic poorly.
The provided information
& results is not coherent
rather irrelevant. Little
engineering/theoretical
analysis is presented
TR1 Effort & Attitude Little or no evidence of
effort shown. Negative,
absent minded, withdrawn
The report is objective The report is objective The report is objective
based and for some part based and for most based and addresses
addresses the issues part addresses the the issues referred in
referred in the proposed issues referred in the the proposed topic with
topic with an acceptable proposed topic with an in depth analysis and
engineering/theoretical acceptable reasoning. The
analysis. The provided engineering/theoretical provided information
information & results analysis and reasoning. & results is necessary,
for some parts is The provided relevant and sufficient
necessary and sufficient information & results to discuss these issues.
to discuss these issues for most part is The details are easily
necessary and understood at peer
sufficient to discuss level.
these issues
Minimal effort if any. Completed all agreed Extraordinary effort
Some interest shown in tasks; competent, but demonstrated.
the project not extraordinary. Exceptionally positive
Positive and /or and/ or constructive
constructive attitude attitude

Lab #01: Marks distribution:

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 Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad
EE212L Electric Circuit Analysis II (3 Th Semester)
ER1 ER2 ER6 ER9 RR1 RR2 TR1
Task 20 Points 10 Points 10 Points 20 Points 20 Points 10 points 10 Points

Lab #01: Marks obtained:

ER1 ER2 ER6 ER9 RR1 RR2 TR1

Task

Marks obtained: …………………………………

Instructor’s Signature: …………………………..

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