Intelligent Building: Seminar Report

INTELLIGENT BUILDING
SEMINAR REPORT
Submitted by
FAISAL KH
(19011702)
To
the Board of Technical Education, Kerala
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award
of Diploma in Civil Engineering.
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

MALABAR POLYTECHNIC CAMPUS
CHERPULASSERY
2021-22
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
MALABAR POLYTECHNIC CAMPUS, CHERPULASSERY
CERTIFICATE
Certified that this report entitled ‘INTELLIGENT BUILDING’ is the report of seminar
presented by FAISAL KH, (19011702) during year 2021-22 in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the award of the Diploma in Civil Engineering of the Board of
Technical Education, Kerala.
LECTURE Head of the Department

Dept. of Civil Engineering Dept. of Civil Engineering
.
Internal Examiner External Examiner
Seminar Report 2021-22 Intelligent Building
AKNOWLEDGE
MENT
First and foremost, I wish to thank the omnipotent God for his blessings.
I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to our honorable Principle
Mr. Muhammed Sirajudheen A, Malabar Polytechnic Campus, Cherpulassery

for his motivation and for creating an inspiring atmosphere in the college by
providing state of art facilities for seminar presentation.
Our sincere thanks to Mrs. Sunaina K, Head of section, Department of Civil

Engineering, for her whole hearted support in completion of the seminar
presentation.
I am highly indebted to my guide. Mrs.Swathy Mohan K M, Lecture,

Department of Civil Engineering, for his valuable support and guidance throughout
the seminar presentation.
I also take the opportunity to thank my Parent, Friends and loved one who
has contributed well through the proper guidance and encouragement towards the
completion of the seminar presentation.
Last but not least, I would like to thanks The Teaching & Non-Teaching
Staffs of Civil Engineering Department, and to thank one and all who have helped us
during the seminar.
FAISAL KH
Department of Civil engineering

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ABSTRACT
The concept of Intelligent Building is still uncommon in Bhutan though substantial

amount of literature on intelligent building has been generated internationally.
Therefore, this seminar report is prepared for a comprehensive understanding on the
development, applications and benefits of Intelligent Building on human society. For
this purpose, this report reviews the literature related to the subject area of Intelligent
Building. The report contains information to make a focused understanding about the
aims and objectives of Intelligent Building.
The special sectors of building, such as, security, safety, maintenance, control and
comfort are explained precisely, with clear figures and data where ever necessary. The
intelligent building is also compared with ordinary building for better understanding in
this report. The energy efficiency and economical aspects of intelligent building are also
covered in the report.

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CONTENT
TITL PAGE NO
ACKNOWLEDGMENT……………………………………………… i
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………….. ii
CONTENT……………………………………………………………. iii
LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………… iv
LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………… v
1.INTRODUCTION……………………………………………….. 1
2. LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………. 2
3. METHODOLOGY……………………………………………… 4
3.1. CONTROLLERS………………………………………….... 4
3.2.OCCUPANCY………………………………………………. 4
3.3.LIGHTING………………………………………………….. 4
3.4.HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
…..AND INDOOR AIR QUALITY………………………………… 5
3.5.ELEVATORS AND ESCALATORS………………………... 5
3.6.DISTRIBUTED BUILDING CONTROL…………………… 5
3.7.INTELLIGENT CONTROLLERS…………………………... 6
3.8.MAJOR ASPECTS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING………..

6
3.8.1.Security………………………………………………… 7
3.8.2.Access Control………………………………………… 7
3.8.3.Finger Print Lock……………………………………… 8
3.8.4.Voice And Video Intercom…………………………… 9
3.8.5.Code Based Access System…………………………... 9
3.8.6.Swipe Card Access System…………………………... 9

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3.8.7.Biometric Access System…………………………….. 10

3.8.8.Life Safety And Surveillance………………………… 10
3.8.9.Surveillance…………………………………………... 11
3.8.10.Safety………………………………………………... 11
3.8.11.Tele Communication………………………………… 12
3.8.12.Cabling……………………………………………….. 13
3.8.13.Consolidated Communications………………………. 14
3.9.MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS……………………………….. 14
3.9.1.Energy Management…………………………………... 15
3.9.2.Electrical Demand Control……………………………. 15
3.9.3.Program Scheduling……………………………………
15
3.10. ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF INTELLIGENT …
……BUILDING…………………………………………………….. 15
3.11.ECONOMY CONSIDERATION………………………….. 16
3.12.WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN INTELLIGENT
……BUILDING…………………………………………………….. 16
3.13.DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORDINARY BUILDING AND
……INTELLIGENTBUILDING……………………………………. 16
3.14.INTELLIGENT BUILDING IN INDIA……………………. 17
3.15.FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING… 18
3.16.CHALLENGES FACING INTELLIGENT BUILDING
……TECHNOLOGIES……………………………………………… 19
3.17.LIFESPAN OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING………………. 19
4.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF INTELLIGENT
BUILDING…………………………………………………………. 21
4.1ADVANTAGES………………………………………………… 21
4.1DISADVANTAGES……………………………………………. 21
5.CONCLUSION……………………………………………………… 22
REFERENCES………………………………………………………..... 23

iv
LIST OF FIGURES
TITLE PAGE NO
FIG. 3.1 : MAJOR ASPECTS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING 6
FIG. 3.2 : GADGETS 8
FIG. 3.3 : FINGER PRINT LOCK 8
FIG. 3.4 : VOICE AND VIDEO INTERCOM 9
FIG. 3.5 : CODE BASED ACCESS SYSTEM 9
FIG. 3.6 : BIOMETRIC ACCESS SYSTEM 10
FIG. 3.7 : SURVEILLENCE DEVICE 11
FIG. 3.8 : SAFETY SYSTEMS 12
FIG. 3.9 : TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 13
FIG. 3.10: NIIT BUILDING IN INDIA 18

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
An intelligent building is one that provides a productive and cost-effective

environment through optimization of its four basic elements - structure, systems,
services and management - and the interrelationships between them. Intelligent
buildings help business owners, property managers and occupants to realize their
goals in the areas of cost, comfort, convenience, safety, long-term flexibility and
marketability [4].
Intelligent Buildings are equipped with robust telecommunication infrastructure,

allowing for more efficient use of resources and increasing the comfort and security
of its occupants.
The Intelligent Building concept surfaced in the early 1980’s and generally advocated
extensive use of elaborate centralized electronic systems to facilitate control of
building support and communication systems for voice and data. The initial concept
promoted communication networks to allow centralized word processing services and
limited interaction between individual occupantsand the Building Automation System.
Builders and owners were pressured to develop intelligent buildings, in spite of high
premium costs, at that time, for prestige reasons and for enhanced rental potential. The
Building Automation System and the Communication System industry as well as
other specialized interest group soon developed specific products and applications to
meet and facilitate the implementation of Intelligent Building Concept. The high
technology concept of intelligent building systems was introduced in United States.
The IB concept is now well developed and applied in Europe, Asia and North
America.

1
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Latifah, S. Supangkat, A. Ramelan Published 2020: The work of the paper aims to
provide a literature review of how smart buildings operate to managing various features
that can be adapt in the built environment. Based on the literature review, the focus on
this paper will be dealing with a definition of a smart building, management energy,
occupant comfort, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning operation planning,
visualization using Building Information Modelling (BIM) as one of another way to
share and exchange building information. Many features that adapt to smart buildings
should fulfill to be compatible with the context of a smart city. The evaluation process
always exists based on the level of human comfort and improving the quality of life in
the future. Many works shows us how regulatory bodies try to replace the traditional of
building management system by smart building concept with the benefit use of smart
technology that can addressing information sharing, fulfill user needs, aims for the
challenges of digital society, more transparency, and become openness deals to increase
the value of properties.
Wong, Johnny, Li, Heng, & Wang, S.W. (2005) Intelligent building research :
Within the last two decades, substantial amount of literature on intelligent building has
been generated. However, there is a lack of systematic review of existing research
efforts and achievements. A comprehensive review on existing research provides great
benefits to identify where more efforts are needed and therefore the future research
directions. For this purpose, this paper reviews the literature related to the subject area
of intelligent building. Our review indicates that previous research efforts have dealt
mainly with three research aspects including advanced and innovative intelligent
technologies research, performance evaluation methodologies and investment
evaluation analysis. It is also identified that among the three research aspects, relatively
less literature has been found addressing the issues of investment evaluation of
intelligent buildings. Based on a comprehensive literature review, the paper also
summarizes a few future research directions, which are useful to researchers working in
this important area.

2
Jens Böke, Ulrich Knaack, Marco Hemmerling Intelligent Buildings International

(2019)
The high and increasing requirements concerning energy consumption and the interior
comfort of buildings result in a demand for more efficient façade constructions. In its
role as a mediator between the exterior and interior of a building, the façade takes on a
multitude of functions with effect on the building’s performance. Intelligent façades
offer higher performances compared to static constructions, achieved by dynamic
adjustments to changing environmental influences and interior requirements. Such
systems are being explored and already applied. The concept of intelligent façades
exists since the beginning of the 1980s. Since then, the technological possibilities for
the implementation of intelligent systems have multiplied. Today, the fourth industrial
revolution is based on the implementation of intelligent and networked production
facilities. Considering the current exploration of intelligent technical systems in the
industry, the understanding and the demands on the intelligence of a system change.
The aim of this study is to examine the comprehension of an intelligent system in the
context of the façade and in the context of the industry. This is to provide the basis for
subsequent research on the transferability of strategies. The study provides used terms,
relevant aspects, current definitions and characteristics of the respective intelligent
system.

3
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1.CONTROLLERS
Controllers are essentially small, purpose-built computers with input and output
capabilities. These controllers come in range of sizes and capabilities to control devices
commonly found in buildings,and to control sub-networks of controllers. Inputs allow a
controller to read temperatures, humidity, pressure, current flow, air flow, and other
essential factors. The outputs allow the computers to send command and control
signals to slave devices, and to other parts of the system. Inputs and outputs can be either
digital or analog. Digital outputs are also sometimes called discrete depending on
manufacture.
3.2.OCCUPANCY
Occupancy is one of two or more operating modes for a building automation system.
Unoccupied, Morning Warm-up, and Night-time Setback are other common modes.
Occupancy is usually based on time of day schedules. In occupancy mode, the BAS
aims to provide a comfortable climate and adequate lighting, often with zone-based
control so that users on one side of a building have a different thermostat than users on
the opposite side. Some buildings rely on occupancy sensors to activate lighting and/or
climate conditioning. Given the potential for long lead times before a space becomes
sufficiently cool or warm, climate conditioning is not often initiated directly by an
occupancy sensors.
3.3.LIGHTING
Lighting can be turned on and off with BAS based on time of day, or on occupancy
sensors, photosensors and timers. One typical example is to turn the lights in a space on
for a half hour since the last motion was sensed. A photocell placed outside a building
can sense darkness, and the time of day, and modulate lights in outer offices and the
parking lot.

4
3.4.HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING, AND INDOOR AIR

QUALITY
HVAC systems are generally controlled by building automation systems that can:
 permit individual occupants to adjust workspace temperatures (within
prescribed limits);
 monitor temperatures, and adjust according to a usage profile;
 adjust indoor air quality based on room occupancy and building standards;
 adjust humidity, temperature and air flow speeds; and
 use either variable air volume or constant volume air distribution designs.
3.5.ELEVATORS AND ESCALATORS
Intelligent building systems can provide occupants with improved elevator service.
Elevator control can be quite complex, particularly with multiple elevator groupings
and incorporating traffic patterns into the system. Some elevators may be shut down
for part of the day to conserve energy. Current designs frequently include
communications within the elevators to permit the use of access control cards, and
closed circuit surveillance is becoming widespread. An effective access control system
can permit dynamic changes to user privileges so that, for example, certain floors may
not be accessible even with an approved access control card, unless there are already
people occupying that floor. Escalators can save energy by slowing down or stopping
when detectors indicate no traffic. This approach to energy savings also benefits the
mechanicalcomponents that need not run continuously.
3.6.DISTRIBUTED BUILDING CONTROL

Distributed controllers can provide total building automation. These devices, which
communicate using a dedicated network, allow the use of standard access control,
intrusion monitoring and surveillance devices, and can include multiple switched inputs
and outputs, analog and digital input and output controls. The communications network
can interact seamlesslywith associated video and audio switches, allowing the operator
screens to be used to select and control many different device types. The primary
benefit of a distributed control system is the ability of individual
controllers to continue functioning when some elements of the network or main
computer fail. These controllers often interact with audio and video switches and other

5
building management systems.
3.7.INTELLIGENT CONTROLLERS
As processors and memory are built into the controllers activating HVAC and other
building systems, there are opportunities to provide closed loop control. In traditional
controllers, no
response confirms that the requested action has occurred, e.g., if the room needs heat
and warm air is called for, it is assumed that the baffle has acted as required, which is
not always true. Intelligent controllers would confirm the success or failure of the
baffle movement, closing the information loop. The intelligent controller can perform
self-diagnostics and report potential failures sometimes before they occur, e.g., the
controller can report that the actuator needed to move multiple times before the baffle
achieved the desired position, indicating a mechanical malfunction. These controllers
also function in a degraded manner if the communications link fails. Intelligent
controllers may be applicable to any of the systems contained in, and controlled by, an
intelligent building system and can report status information to the central control
system. The same approach also allows periodic diagnostic cycles in order to perform
directed maintenance.
3.8.MAJOR ASPECTS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING
Securit
y
Safet Telecommunicati
y on
System
Comfor Energy
t Management
Fig. 3.1 : Major Aspects Of Intelligent Building

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3.8.1.Security
The security system includes controlling access, surveillance and communication
3.8.2.Access Control
Access control restricts how and when people enter and/or exit an area. Your
particular needs will determine how that is accomplished. Access Control Systems
allow people or vehicles into a restricted area via identification through coded keys,
magnetic cards, or biometric readers such ashand, face, voice, finger or retina readers.
These systems are used in many businesses, hotels andapartment complexes.
Common Features of Access Control
1. Limit access
Systems can be programmed to allow certain users to enter specific areas
only at certaintimes. Other users can be allowed to enter all locations at all
times.
2. Automating
Systems can automatically lock a door or gate each evening at a certain time
and unlock itautomatically at another time.
Working of an Access Control
1. First a barrier is needed to prevent someone from entering or exiting, such as a

locked door orgate.
2. Next a way is needed to determine who is trying to enter.
3. A credential reader is used to read the information on a key or card, to register a

combinationof numbers entered on a pad or to identify some characteristic that the
user has, such as a fingerprint the shape of a hand, a pattern in the eye, etc.
4. This identifier is sent to a controller that has stored a record of those identifiers
that are authorized to enter the area.
5. If the credential holder is authorized the controller unlocks the gate or door and
the credentialholder is allowed to enter.
6. In many systems a record of all authorized and unauthorized credentials is stored in

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the systemfor future reference.
Fig. 3.2 : Gadgets
3.8.3.Finger Print Lock
Finger Print Lock is easy and simple to install. It is unlocked by fingerprint or code. It
can storeup to one hundred fifty finger prints.
Fig. 3.3 : Finger Print Lock

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3.8.4.Voice And Video Intercom
This type of access control is most commonly used in blocks of flats or apartments,
where access to the front door needs to be controlled remotely. Communication
between the internal phone andthe outside speaker is established, before authorization
to enter is granted.
Fig. 3.4 : Voice and Video Intercom
3.8.5.Code Based Access System
A secure pin code entered onto a touch screen is required, before Access to a
controlled area is allowed
Fig. 3.5 : Code Based Access System
3.8.6.Swipe Card Access System
Swipe Card Access System allows entrance to a secured area, through the "swiping"
of a pre-programmed card with magnetic strip through a reader.

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3.8.7.Biometric Access System
The newest technology in access control, biometric systems verify a person's identity,
by unique physical characteristics, such as a fingerprint or retina.
Fig. 3.6 : Biometric Access System
3.8.8.Life Safety And Surveillance
Intelligence with respect to life safety in an intelligent building consists of the use of
high technology to maximize the performance of fire alarm and security systems while
at the same time minimizing costs. Life safety factors involved in intelligent buildings
include:
 Reduced manpower dependence,
 Closed-circuit television,
 Card access control,

 Smoke detection,
 Intrusion alarms,
 Emergency control of elevators, doors and
 Uninterruptible power supplies.
Many BAS have alarm capabilities. If an alarm is detected, it can be programmed to

10
notify someone. Notification can be through a compute, pager, cellular phone, or

audible alarm.
Security systems can be interlocked to a building automation system. If occupancy

sensors are present, they can also be used as burglar alarms. Fire and smoke alarm
systems can be hard-wired to override building automation. For example: if the smoke
alarm is activated, all the outside air dampers close to prevent air coming into
building, and an exhaust system can isolate the alarmed area and activate and activate
the exhaust fan to move smoke out of area. Life safety applications are normally hard-
wired to a mechanical device to override building automation control.
3.8.9.Surveillance
Surveillance helps in monitoring movement within and outside a building and its
periphery through camera (Closed-Circuit Television Camera) or perimeter devices
like intrusion alarms. Also helps in alerting the security manager, in case of violation
of pre-set norms.
Fig. 3.7 : Surveillence Device
3.8.10.Safety
Life safety systems, often called “fire systems”, are typically driven by code
considerations. Security systems are required to release doors per code constraints
under emergency conditions. HVAC systems are also driven by life safety needs, e.g.,
smoke extraction, stairwell pressurizationand elevator recall.
This system deals with the Fire Alarm System, the Emergency Lighting, the Egress

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Lighting System and the Smoke Evacuation System.
Fire protection system pumps water to the areas where the fire occurs, so as to douse
it automatically through sprinkler bulbs and also manually through the fire brigade.
Sufficient waterpressure should be maintained throughout.
Early warning systems like smoke detection systems, detects the fire at a very early
stage and pinpoint to the caretaker where exactly it is occurring, so that the fire is
extinguished locally through manual fire extinguishers.
Fig. 3.8 : Safety Systems
3.8.11.Tele Communication
Intelligence with respect to telecommunications in an intelligent building consists of

the offering to tenants of many sophisticated telecom features at a considerably
reduced cost due to the fact
that the equipment is shared by many users. Some of the telecom features involved in
intelligent buildings are: [3]
⚫ private telephone exchange systems,
⚫ cablevision,
⚫ audio-visual and video-conferencing,
⚫ satellite communications and,
⚫ electronic mail, Intranets and Internet access
Telecommunication Systems and Office Automation Systems like the UPS and the
Public Address system provides the required support in the event of security violation
or fire.

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Fig. 3.9 : Telecommunication Systems
3.8.12.Cabling
Separate cabling within a building is typically provided for each system requiring
communications interaction, i.e., separate cables are provided for telephones, local
area networks, building automation, fire systems and elevator controls, depending on
the systems in the structure. The cabling required for intelligent building technologies
applications should, to the extent possible, adhere to a number of basic criteria for
integration. In the future, individual cables will not be
needed because the communications systems will be integrated. Most integrated

cable systemswill:
 multiplex or otherwise consolidate the communication needs between different
systems;
 use a single, common communications raceway or communications tray;
 locate all common equipment in shared communications rooms where the
equipment canreadily be interconnected as required;
 ensure that the communications rooms are secure;
 use the same type of cabling wherever possible, so applications and cables
areinterchangeable over the lifetime of the building;
 use the same kind of termination equipment for all cables;
 manage the cable infrastructure as a building resource; and
 follow a structured cabling design, as recommended by Telecommunications

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3.8.13.Consolidated Communications
The concept of consolidated communications addresses the provision of a single

communications backbone throughout a building that uses intelligent building
technologies. With a single backbone, all communications requirements for the needs
of the users and of the building can be co-located. The resulting single
communications path will be smaller and much less costly than the aggregate of
individual paths that would otherwise be needed, and ensures that spare capacity can be
consolidated between all applications. This single, consolidated communications
infrastructure will also use a limited number of different cable types. The need for
specialized wiring types is applicable only to special applications. If all systems use
the same wiring, spare capacity can be shared among all systems. In some cases,
several signals will be consolidated on a single cable. In other situations, individual
cables of the same type will each carry a single signal. Multiplex allows multiple signals
to travel on a single communications link. This approach is far more cost and service
effective when most data are digital packets on a single network. Whether the
backbone is a single cable or a group of cables will vary from project to project. A key
aspect is the association with the communications rooms. These strategically located
rooms must have sufficient space and services to securely accommodate
communications equipment. This
equipment will then bridge and link the distribution network feeding the end users and
the consolidated backbone infrastructure of the building.
3.9.MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Energy-effective systems balance a building's electric light, daylight and mechanical

systems for maximum benefit. Adding daylight to a building is one way to achieve an
energy effective design. And with the reduced need for electric light, a great deal of
money can be saved on energy.
A number of facility management programs are available. They vary in complexity as

well as in their ability to integrate complex systems such as:
1. CAD drawing records of floor and office layouts

2. Furniture inventory
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3. Maintenance management program

4. Preventive maintenance of building structures
5. Real time data acquisition on equipment run time
6. Dynamic energy consumption total per tenant
7. Historical data storage
8. Cost control and budgetting capabilities
9. Analytical programs
3.9.1.Energy Management
Energy management forms an integral part of the Intelligent Building and should be
built to allowReal Time and dynamic interaction with the energy consuming elements
of the building.
3.9.2.Electrical Demand Control
No enegry management program can be effective unless critical energy consuming

areas are monitored individually and allow the energy management program the
required intervention
capabilities such as turning equipment on/off or limiting its capacity where possible
through electrical load shedding or load stabilization routines.
3.9.3.Program Scheduling
The ability to schedule operation of any significant energy consuming equipment on

the basis of season, occupancy load, time of day, statutory holidays, daytime natural
light visibility, etc is possibly the most significant energy saving feature to
incorporate in the building.
3.10. ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING

An intelligent building starts with an environmentally friendly design. It creates a
project that is environmentally friendly and energy efficient ties in closely with many of
the intelligent attributes. Intelligent buildings are designed for long-term sustainability
and minimal environmental impact through the selection of recycled and recyclable
materials, construction, maintenance and operations procedures. Providing the ability
to integrate building controls, optimize operations, and enterprise level management
results in a significant enhancement in energy efficiency,lowering both cost and energy
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usage compared to non-intelligent projects.
3.11.ECONOMY CONSIDERATION
Creating an intelligent building does require an investment in advanced technology,
processes, and solutions. An upfront investment is required to realize a significant
return later on. It is unrealistic to expect to make a project intelligent unless there is
early buy in on investment. One of the challenges is to educate owners on the benefits
of an intelligent building design. This makes the education of both owners and
architects about the benefits of intelligent solutions critical for success.
3.12.WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN INTELLIGENT BUILDING

Wireless technology can simplify a variety of tasks and cut personnel costs. Sensors
can activate lawn sprinklers when the soil is too dry. In bathrooms, paper towel holders
and soap dispensers can be connected wirelessly to the building’s network. When soap
runs out, an e-mail can automatically alert the maintenance department. Also it eases
the movements of the staff in the building, instead of going to certain floors to activate
a device, they can do it wirelessly using an intelligent tool such as remote controls.
Many wireless devices and protocols are currently being promoted. Burglar alarm
systems for residential applications, patient wandering systems for hospitals and other
applications of voice systems, such as Bluetooth communicate without a hard wired
infrastructure. Wireless communications are particularly attractive where offices and
partitions are frequently reconfigured, and applications change frequently. The
wireless solution competes favorably with wired alternatives. HVAC requirements can
be economically and efficiently met using wireless controls.
3.13.DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORDINARY BUILDING AND INTELLIGENT

BUILDING
Intelligent building adjusts the inside functional aspects such as lighting, ventilation,
air conditioning, etc. automatically with the changes in environmental conditions
controlled by computer. In ordinary building there will be different room conditions
depending on the changes in the environmental conditions.
While planning an intelligent building, a Building service engineer, an Architect &

16
Hardware Engineer is required, but in case of ordinary building, a Building service

engineer and an Architectis enough.
In an Intelligent Building, the security system, communication system, etc. are

coordinated and automatically controlled by computer work station.
The cost of construction of Intelligent Building is very high as compared to an

ordinary building. The development cost of an Intelligent Building is 8 - 10% higher
than that of an ordinary building. But this can be justified by the resulting energy
saving, which is only 25 – 35% of energy requiredby normal building.
3.14.INTELLIGENT BUILDING IN INDIA

The need for Intelligent Buildings rose with the emergence of the IT sector. IT firms
need uninterrupted working environment for 365 days a year. Some kind of round the
clock monitoring is also necessary. Techno-campus of Cognizant Technology
Solutions, Thoraipakkam on old Mamallapuram road is one of the Intelligent Buildings
in India. It took 14 months to evolve a fully integrated design plan and arrive at the
IBMS solution that covers security, safety and automation, and since January 2004 the
concept has been functional in the 400,000-sqft complex.
Figure 10. Techno-campus of Cognizant Technology Solutions
Some of the features of Intelligent Building Management System in Cognizant are:[4]
10. Smoke detection systems

11. Bio metric finger scanning systems
12. 73 CCTV cameras
13. Control of HVAC
14. Control of water levels in overhead tanks
15. Automatic lighting control

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Fig. 3.10: NIIT Building in India
3.15.FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING

The most successful intelligent buildings indicate that the greatest advantages come
from integrating communications and ensuring that the traditional systems have the
ability to intercommunicate and interoperate. A single operator interface must
recognize status and control information of all available systems. The primary benefit
comes from the shared space, infrastructure and operating staff. Current trends to work
from home encourage remote interactionwith building communications and services.
These trends are being influenced by technologies and the current market situation.
Construction methods and technologies are breaking down some conventional barriers.
Increasing concern with
environmental impacts and with security needs are market forces that influence
intelligent buildings functionality. Intelligent buildings depend on the increasing
reliability of secure and resilient communication infrastructures. Mobile telephones
are well established, encouraging mobile communications in many other forms. This

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technology has value for in-building applications. For the occupants/tenants and the
operators, these technologies yield substantial efficiencies. These evolving concepts
will lead to intelligent building technologies that are not yeton the drawing board.
3.16.CHALLENGES FACING INTELLIGENT BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES
Challenges to the widespread introduction of intelligent building technologies arise

from many diverse considerations. A significant consideration is always the financial
impact, including capital costs, expense costs and revenue. Good business practice
requires that financial implications must be correctly assessed, taking into consideration
the time value of money and the effect of taxation. Low initial costs are attractive to
developers, while the owners/operators and occupants/tenants are more interested in
long term operational costs. Intelligent building technologies offer significant
opportunities to generate increased revenue. Intelligent buildings offer more value,
hence sell and/or rent for higher prices and/or more rapidly. Financial decisions based
on the comparison of alternative plans of action that consider only initial cost will
inevitably be wrong. If the revenue stream of the alternatives is the same, then revenue
can be ignored and the continuing expenses can be factored in using the metric present
worth of annual charges (PWAC). If the alternatives are expected to generate different
amounts of revenue, which will generally be the case when intelligent building
technology applications are under consideration, the correct metric is net present value
(NPV). The initial cost must, of course, be considered, but should only be the deciding
factor when the correct metrics for the comparison of alternatives, (PWAC where
expected revenue is uniform and NPV where expected revenue varies) are the same or
very close.
3.17.LIFESPAN OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING

The evolution of electronic technology is moving rapidly, with lifespans and life- cycle
times in the range of five to ten years. Buildings typically have a lifespan between
major refits of approximately 25 years, or two to three technology cycles [4]. A
significant advantage of intelligent building technologies is the ability to upgrade the
electronics while continuing to use the cabling that is already in place. Equipment and
system vendors have an opportunity to design graceful growth into their product
19
evolution plans; to enable their products that are in service to be upgraded to add the
most recently introduced features and functions. Building automation depends on
many systems and components. Existing solutions will continue to function with the
current implementation and capabilities, when newer products in the market place have
displacedthe installed product.
In an intelligent building, these roles are now consolidated into a single series of
responsibilities. The challenge for the architect as the primary contract manager is to
select engineers and contractors qualified to undertake these activities. Since the
involvement of more parties in the construction process could make it more difficult
to assign responsibilities, early and clear resolution of disputes is important.

20
CHAPTER 4
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF INTELLIGENT
BUILDING
4.1ADVANTAGES
16. Higher level of security and safety
17. Simplified operation for users and administrators

18. Simpler staff tracking
19. Reduced administration costs
20. Smartcards-single card for security and cash transactions
21. Reduced system costs by sharing infrastructure
22. Easier integration into university systems
23. Information can be delivered to all the interested parties in the manner they
need
24. Increased mobility-not tied to a specialist workstation
25. Training is minimised, use standard operating environments
4.1DISADVANTAGES
1. Increased complexity of system
2. Very high initial cost
3. Normal building last longer than intelligent building

21
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
The Intelligent Building is clearly the building of the future. The goal of having an
intelligent building only starts with early planning in the design stage. In many ways,
this mirrors the design and fulfillment of many green projects today, but it uses
technology to provide for a superior space. There are enormous benefits to be gained by
creating intelligent buildings.
With proper marketing such buildings will entice tenants to sign on with a much
greater ease. By supporting the tenants in as many services as possible the building
owners also gain from the profits realized from these services and tenants profit from
the discounts to be had on their end aswell.
Reduced energy costs are seen as a major benefit of intelligent building technologies
equated to HVAC. However, other benefits, e.g., reduced staff levels and improved
occupant satisfaction, areoften overlooked.
The degree of confidence in intelligent building technologies is inadequate largely

because of a lack of awareness and understanding of its value. There is a lack of
properly assessable intelligentbuilding technology reference projects.
Intelligent building technologies are generally available, but not yet widely adopted
and many changes and initiatives are needed for use of these technologies to become
widespread.

22
REFERENCES
1. Rawlson, N.K., “What are Intelligent Building Technologies”, Electronic Design,

2006.
2. Amatya S., “Intelligent Building Research, A Review”, Automation in

Construction 14”,2005.
3. A. Latifah, S. Supangkat, A. Ramelan .Published 2020.2020 International

…Conference on ICT for Smart Society (ICISS)
4 . Wong, Johnny, Li, Heng, & Wang, S.W. (2005) Intelligent building research: a
….review. Automation in Construction, 14(1), pp. 143-159.
5. State-of-the-art of intelligent building envelopes in the context of intelligent technical

…systems Jens Böke, Ulrich Knaack, Marco Hemmerling Intelligent Buildings
International 11 (1), 27-45, 2019
6. “Intelligent Building”, Document and Research for Small Business and . .

….Professionals,
retrieved from http://www.docstoc.com/docs/135019986/Intelligent-Building---DOC
7.Sharma D., “Intelligent Buildings”, retrieved from

http://www.scribd.com/doc/40206748/Intelligent-Buildings-Ppt

23

24

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INTELLIGENT BUILDING

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

LECTURE Head of the Department

I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to our honorable Principle

Mr. Muhammed Sirajudheen A, Malabar Polytechnic Campus, Cherpulassery

Our sincere thanks to Mrs. Sunaina K, Head of section, Department of Civil

I am highly indebted to my guide. Mrs.Swathy Mohan K M, Lecture,

Department of Civil engineering

The concept of Intelligent Building is still uncommon in Bhutan though substantial

Department of Civil engineering

3.4.HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

…..AND INDOOR AIR QUALITY………………………………… 5

3.5.ELEVATORS AND ESCALATORS………………………... 5

3.6.DISTRIBUTED BUILDING CONTROL…………………… 5

3.8.MAJOR ASPECTS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING………..

3.8.4.Voice And Video Intercom…………………………… 9

3.8.5.Code Based Access System…………………………... 9

3.8.6.Swipe Card Access System…………………………... 9

Department of Civil engineering

3.8.7.Biometric Access System…………………………….. 10

Department of Civil engineering

FIG. 3.2 : GADGETS 8

FIG. 3.3 : FINGER PRINT LOCK 8

FIG. 3.4 : VOICE AND VIDEO INTERCOM 9

FIG. 3.5 : CODE BASED ACCESS SYSTEM 9

FIG. 3.6 : BIOMETRIC ACCESS SYSTEM 10

FIG. 3.7 : SURVEILLENCE DEVICE 11

FIG. 3.8 : SAFETY SYSTEMS 12

FIG. 3.9 : TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 13

FIG. 3.10: NIIT BUILDING IN INDIA 18

Department of Civil engineering

An intelligent building is one that provides a productive and cost-effective

Intelligent Buildings are equipped with robust telecommunication infrastructure,

Department of Civil engineering

Department of Civil engineering

Jens Böke, Ulrich Knaack, Marco Hemmerling Intelligent Buildings International

Department of Civil engineering

Department of Civil engineering

3.4.HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING, AND INDOOR AIR

3.5.ELEVATORS AND ESCALATORS

3.6.DISTRIBUTED BUILDING CONTROL

Department of Civil engineering

building management systems.

3.8.MAJOR ASPECTS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING

Fig. 3.1 : Major Aspects Of Intelligent Building

Department of Civil engineering

The security system includes controlling access, surveillance and communication

Common Features of Access Control

Working of an Access Control

1. First a barrier is needed to prevent someone from entering or exiting, such as a

2. Next a way is needed to determine who is trying to enter.

3. A credential reader is used to read the information on a key or card, to register a

6. In many systems a record of all authorized and unauthorized credentials is stored in

the systemfor future reference.

Fig. 3.2 : Gadgets

3.8.3.Finger Print Lock

Fig. 3.3 : Finger Print Lock

Department of Civil engineering

3.8.4.Voice And Video Intercom

Fig. 3.4 : Voice and Video Intercom

3.8.5.Code Based Access System

Fig. 3.5 : Code Based Access System