alAsSMAte

Dahe
Page

Chapte
Kesentation o DaBa

Mul Cheice Queationg

bases
neQualitative classiLitatien is dene en

and
EHbutes like _phusical statusnatienaliy
elc.
. A histiogram ts C
two climensienal ciagham

Nequency beluaon is used in pyesentation o

GOuped data

.Data presented theugh to hishogham aan

help in inding qraphitalhy the

mode

SOgive Can be helps ully in locating qHaphical

Hhe
Mediann

in the blanks

.Tabulate pxesentaLtHon dala ispItsentedie

Rows and columos

Axthim eH line .aph also Cauled.

ime SeutesQ1aph_ Histrouam.
 classMAte
Date
Page

3 Compemernt bar diagnams is also lallecd

Sub-dia ghams
HBody 0 a table Cent.aingDumeuical
inlomaticen.
Match h olloting

Component bax diagHam Sub-divided cdiagham

2 equency Cuave
S t aee hand CuHve
B.Ocive Cumulative Hequthty ye
4 equeny pelygen
plain beunded by stnaightin
SPie diagnan Lernpeund diaquam
AnBwer t h e ollowing questiong in_Cne Sentences 2
hat do vequenuy
Polygen i
t is ene
04 impoitanttype ogHaph Wed to
lot 0Hequency dlistribuien. OR
ALquencypelygern is ethe methocl
Hepyesenting a yequency distbibution n_a
qaph
a.lhat_ do you bmean by texau_DHsentak' on-
dala ?
PHesen
PHesentoution O datcinlorm o
e>rE
3.What is Cap tien Celumn hsoading
A t the top o each CelunD in atablr a
(eluran designatian is qiveo to explain igueu=
o
heCelumh is Caled Captien s Celumn
Hea dine
 clasSMate.
Date
Page

Wlhat do
- you_ meaDbu Stubg
3tubs elee to the heading o hthixenal

5.
What aYeb kinds ol Classilicati'on wed
i0tabulatien
classi tication used in Habulaion is ol etusi lam,
uanlitave
Quanitative
(3)
emporal ano
Spatial
Answe the Felleuing in uo Sentnei-

hathos d a t Depvesentid y oa Component

bas cHaam Cannalo
phy chast Sepregtive by a

enplain
e sh i data xepYesentid hu c CompamentbCLL
diagiam Can be epres.entzd y aphy chait.
APhyáaakam ctho CompomenE diag
,but Unlike ba 'dicugiam hou.itisa üreli,
Khoe divided amng th
asLaiProporticnal
CmPonents i9upiesen-ted.it is aln alld ply
a
o How Coy elotain a Tequente ue unves
Th hequente Crus Dtawingq a Soi o
hand (cu
pastinghseough poins he
requeny polyen as closing hu possible
not neccescy pcst thvough all
the point O hequenttyplepm a
Closea a DOSsible
 classate
Date
Page

3How Cauy ebtain an arthime ine graph.

An thimtic line qaaph ialso Caled
im Seuies qaaph ih thisqhaph, [time
day dah Week month 1 a et)-
ay
is alme
-1ayand th Vclus of
Vauicleale -ay A lin ghaph by by
ming this potas his Called 'cu euithenuie
lint 6cph
4.What Kind
diagtam a% morely eject in
Nantty aindall ina ya ba diagfom
(2Composition o Populotion Delhf bau diagtamo

3Distnbuhon o Indian b ythey neikng Gtats

pie &hasut
VAnsweH he ollohwîng guestions 4 Navks]
Drc a table ad4igusu Cut
Table No
it_pasuls
Title of the Table
HeadNob. s t d ir

SHus Shrength o udents

Veas r l s Boys bal Caphions
0 30 60
1992 30
b5 Bo by o he talble
foot Not
Seuce Noto

Dyauwa aPie Chast nsing th eing dal

Distabution Tndta oy thair wosking3atus
 elasSMate
Date
Pags

Non -Wokg
latis Marginal orks Hain hohs
31 6
Populadion
Stalaus Fopulation
360

Hauginalwn 09 3177
Main work 31 09.4I%
Non-wovke 6 2/8.82
10

l09.41 41%
ndividual Uni x3d 281 827a
Tetal

23Btb=t01rH47
02

10a

3What sCompmet bordiagram Drau a

a pout_dicoham with help ofllewirg
tablo
Enyellment by endu thet Sshoodnpovek
Childounaqed 6 to 4 ecssinthe
distrie Biha

gendi Boys
Ehrel npouentage S3-6 48.0
Dropoutg Enpecenke 8.5 tl.4 22.0
 classmAte
Date
Page

Component bax
diagiam echartz also Called
Sub diagtams, a Vesy seul in Compating
h Sze o diletent Companent Part ihe
O the part
which is mads up o] and
also oy theuwing ght amang Tecul tion among
his inbhal Pay OR A bar diagrcm shol
the ba and it
bay Subdivisíon b mae
Lompanent
Cnendey Poy Cis cll
Enollin petentog S S8.6 78.0
DyopOLts lin Peatento] 8.S 22.0
Total
l00.0

Salu
OY cms
OX 2cms

DxopOut
Eneu

T
BO ToTAL

Explain th methodi Comefuutive 1equehy

ploycon WÝth Gn eempL.
A 9equeny polycon is a plain bouneo by
Straightin, by sing ou omore
nes
 classMAte
Dote
Poge

an
alHexnathve to
T1@quenuy Polycm f
and is Callad devied im
histrooam
histioganm ely iidDhishos hish
A equenuy
fequenuy Polucm Can be
t o S d y the CAve.
D daaw ing the
The Simplest method
to joint the
trequenuy pl.com in
he histroqaam.
riang o 0m_ue
t w o e n d s Quway
lives with
Unds the
delinethe Laltutiam o u a
Cwtve
The Solutiom tojoint the tuuo linu at
the medianyalu oL the two Class vith
Zeox equny immediccdly ct the c0dh
he distri bution.
DTO kon line Doz were joint the tuoo Endi
i h he bcse line.
hequenuy Polycon is them0st (ommm mehred
resenting oupsequehy o istaibutin
A vequenu Polycon isa line qtaph have
moye than OuoSroles.
isPastticulasdy elective hhen we au to
Lompa Lwe A more equency distsibution
0 liscvelu and Con na wu
A yeqehu polycDMCOves t h Sam
as i s Cove&od tohistagiam t
Can be lonsucktd Ox Dircesuto Seaies and
mtinua Se'es

DisCret Sesies
J0 Case e ds iven discaet Sehie We fake
 elAsSMAte
Date
Page

X- Vabiable alou y-00cis nd equenay alm

i s to
-axu's depit he Vauio us poin The told
Doints aeCmnectdby straight lines to
the
DicLwDrcLw
ployem
tha requny Poly con (

When Frequenuy ploygmis to be lonsbuul

oO Continous Sesuies we Can cudopt two
techquieG) thout Contruding histropem
(2) By (orbuting histhro9ham
1. WthQuLt Contructing hisbrogtaam

n lontinous uqutny distribution, when

4GQunyployaon is td be mid point
class to.kan he v plot, neei
mic point 6n auis , uquhy on ais
9y 19nting this poino e et the qutny
ployam. He Can x at both the end
0
taking an imaOny
 pote

Fo ex
45 SS 65
mid valuts 15 2
20 6
4uqueni 3 1S

Valtts
Exa
Constsut a sequeny Pelyggn without ha hulp
o
histogram am th ollosing data i
Age in ea L030 30-40 4O So SO-60 60 F0
No o kske 1S OS 02

Take the
mid poTnt an 0-axis andi 1requenuy
OUen xis
Plot the Vcsuious equenues and pointau
joined by aStraiqhtline
3 The iqs ebtainid is extendlund.ad to th base
ot both ends by 10ining the cxteme poin
4st and Jast poinb to
The midpointz otheBeore t l a u avd
ol the lcu,t classassuming hat theis 404On ui
Ose O.
 alasSMALe
Oate
Pag

30

as Sca OX =ICmm
Oy Icm

S 60
Nid yalueg

(ohsthuting Histoghanm.
In +his Case wezistly Cantiut histogaam jam
the Qiven ContinuOg requenuy dishibuciontaking
Vauiable n ois
requenq on V-aiza
tcuking mid pointz at the top oeach histroqzan
hoe ioio dhig poinH the esult is Yequeny
pelygorn he also exlend:it om he both Sid
akingC hypothetical_cdass i t h 0 reqLueny
n boih SidesThusthe atia ndu equenu
pekygmweuldbe equal t o t h e aHLOS o
CoSvespondlun aUas.
Ex Construct queny Pelugm oith the help
Hisdoonam,
Wages (in Rs)i0-1S IS-20a0-aS s-30 30-3s 3s-tD
No 04pelsun IS 02

SLalu
OX cm

35

Woes
 Date
elasSmAt
Page

THequeny CuAve
A requen CusAve is haphical epyeadidn
equenuyinin_a Smooth omheirrei
euswe ASm th u
known as equonuy
is dHauwn Cauelullythat ii shoutdeminot
So
he a9O Ondo
the yequlastties_c he Cusveyet he uO Une
Smooth equenu Cuove must be equalo he
CLas o equnuy polygon
Moveove4 while joining thes the main
eatiues O e cun1 pelygon disliebed
C9RO not dislusbd

Sample Based vequeny distmibution Sheuid

be mootand
2 Cnly
CEmTinous equonY distsibuien sheuld
e Smoothend
The etal Qstua O equnyCusve Sheuld
be equal to that o histogham cu
equney pLOYean
must 3emevedCeidsnteal utucction o th
Seeties c s laH a S
possible
SCdingalySesies Nith equal kass I ntesu val Sheu
De Haken

Fov ex som the

Histo gtam edowing data Conuhrut
and requenay pelygon equerxy Cwe
Histopamn.

Jncme O- 20 -+0
40-60 6o-8080-I0D I0-120
Vopexom 20
I00-120 20-O
 classate
)aTe

nHiho
eguuun
Pyg
A

Ogive
Ogives prounec as
Ogive is a paphicpresntaion
oCumulative
OCumulative equnuy Cwve Suh Cs Cusue
may Shew alling uisinq t e t on'ho
aph papeit
hact s
tabulation what au the_pcueb O_the
oj the
4ablr Ezplain.
-
Sugtemcuticpesentatiom a data in v50S e and (eleum
alon
almq 1i+h Some explainalsu noteg is Called
tabulatin. Gcodablesheuld have the
pass and Compennt. clouoing

TableNumber
An CLppropriate tuble no sheuld be assiqhac
to C
E taubleO easyindontiHathion and 90 erana
n dus.#* sh ouild. be oin on the top
-l60
O th tauble

THe
Ttle Cplains the
he natuu o data .it Sually
 lsSMAte
Date
Page

appeasus at he top othe table belo he a

no. should be shost and Sfmple

3 Head ne
Just below the title o he table_no
hETght Sidetheiemust be a head not
Ex Rupes in (rores
4
Captiong
Caption aMetbe headinq or the Vertiecl
(oisumsThayasu usLLally Witen_in he
micddluotha (oleumn

5. Stuby 0 heading.
u b g a u th hea.dinqs JaY hovixonlal
hoe Stubg Lol bein
t h e x Kem let
P a t D t h e able:

6Body o the able

Contains numtial inOomation
Sousce note
Tis a briel note n dicattnq the SDustce o
nanaatim pesenltdinihe able.
.toot note.
isHhe last paut theHable it Explairs
he ealiweso the Hable hich (an not be
Lunduistooc by the Yeadu aum +heiHe,
he itHe
Caphion elt
5
5 apl ain CieithPrope ciagam.
 laSSMAte
ote
unge
Ogive ov Cumalative
Frequency CuHVe
These(usvesshou
the
a lowest oshighes E_limit in
distribution o data
For e i-
) kess han 20 e lo-0
Hore -theun Zero i:e 0

Staticians hawe sed it to locai

medican
uatiles and othuA positionc avestcLqRs
Ogive C3e (omsruded m Lumulat Ve
table which a equin
Cureta ily madi in 'less than'
mose +ha Am huute ha
looinq types o 0give
) essthan Ogives b ) Hove than egives
Ca) Fo less
less+han Ociveg. TheCumulative Tequernieg
CUH ploted againstthe especHve requenies
uppen limit
-
othedassintoaval.
Fore more than Gcive
the umulodiv _ equenue
ate plotlnd inst the espectfve lowe imit
othe dass indeHval.

An indevestingeaineso the two oqive togethe iz

that thelr_intrésetion poing gives the meclicuna
Othe equnu dlistoibuutfon.

As the shapeg o wo Ogive Suggest less thar

Ociveis neue lecreasing and moTe than'
Oqives is Deue ns asin

Draw Oqive osthe ollowingequeny