Uninvaded

zone (Rt)

Rt= uninvaded zone

Transition Invaded
Rxo= invaded zone zone zone (Rxo)
Rm=wellbore mud

Rmc=mud cake
Wellbore
mud (Rm)

Borehole

Rm- borehole mud resistivity

Rmc- mudcake resistivity

Invaded zone

Rmf- mud filtrate resistivity

Rxo- Invaded zone resistivity

Sw- invaded zone water saturation

Uninvaded zone

Rw- Interstitial water resistivity

Rt- Uninvaded zone resistivity

Sw- Uninvaded zone water saturation

PASSIVE MEASUREMENTS

 Caliper
 Spontaneous potential
 Gamma ray
o Natural
o Spectral

CALIPERS

 Uses
o Hole volume
o Mudcake(permeability)
o Tool corrections
o Crude lithology indicator
 Properties
o Two, three, or 4 arms
o Linked or independent
 Calipers may disagree(limitations)
o Non-circular hole
o Deviated wells

CALIPER INTERPRETATION

 Hole volumes
o In general, more arms give better accuracy
o 2 arms <100% error
o 3 arms <20% error
 Mud cake
o If dcaliper<dbit
o Hmc=(dbit-dcaliper)/2
 Lithology
o Shales may indicate borehole enlargement
o Spikey curve may indicate fractures
SP- DEFINITION

 SP is a natural occurring electrical potential relative to a surface potential measured in the

borehole mud
 Potentials are created by chemically induced electric current
 The potential of the surface reference must remain constant

USES OF SP

1. Determine values of formation water resistivity

2. Identify permeable zones
3. Qualitative indication of shale content
4. Define bed boundaries
5. Well to well correlation

SPONTANEOUS POTENTIAL (SP)

 Uses-
o Correlation
o Lithology
o Shaliness indicator
o Depositional environment indicator
 Properties
o Measures formation voltage
o Passive measurement