6

TECHNOLOGY AND
LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
(AGRICULTURE AND FISHERY ARTS)

Module 3: Conducting a Survey on Orchard Farming

Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 6

Quarter 0 – Module 3: Conducting a Survey on Orchard Farming

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Regional Director: GILBERT T. SADSAD

Assistant Regional Director: JESSIE L. AMIN

Development Team of the Module

Writers: NANCY L. TOTANES

Editor: CHATYLINE M. DEYTO
Reviewer: FILIP P. CAÑAS
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Consultant: FILIP P. CAÑAS

SDO – CAMARINES SUR

 TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION 6
AGRI-FISHERY ARTS
Module 3- Conducting a Survey on Orchard Farming

Introduction

Good day!
Do you want to know the importance of conducting a survey on
Orchard Farming? Do you have any idea about orchard farming? Are you
ready to study now? Ok, let’s find out.

To the Learner

In this lesson you will be able to understand the importance of

conducting a survey on orchard farming, trees appropriate for orchard
gardening based on location, climate, and market demands. You will learn the
different ways of planting/propagating trees and fruit-bearing trees, the
sources and the care for trees.

Objective

In this module, you are expected to learn this objective.

1. To be able to conduct a survey to identify the following; (TLE6AG-0c-3)
a) Types of Orchard Farm
b) Trees Appropriate for orchard gardening based on location, climate
and market demands
c) Proper way of planting/propagating trees and fruit bearing trees
(budding, marcotting, grafting)
d) Sources of fruit bearing trees
e) How to care for seedlings
 UNLOCKING OF WORDS
For clarity and understanding,
the following terms are defined.

Asexual Propagation- is the method of plant propagation that is done without

the help of the reproductive organs of the plant.
Foliage – refers to the leaves of a plant or tree.
Germination- The beginning of growth.
Orchard- is a piece of land where trees or shrubs are maintained for food or
commercial production. Likewise, an orchard features big gardens for
aesthetic and productive purposes.
Propagation -to multiply by natural reproduction.
Sexual Propagation- is the method of reproducing and multiplying plants
using seeds.
Survey - is a research method used for collecting data from a group of people
to gather information and insights.

Pre-test

Direction: Select the letter of your answer. Write your answer on a tablet
paper/ notebook

1. A piece of land where trees or shrubs are maintained for food and
commercial production.
a. Orchard
b. Farm
c. Nursery
2. This orchard includes facilities that produces nuts.
a. Fruit orchard
b. Seed Orchard
c. Nut Orchard
3. The method of reproducing and multiplying plants using seeds.
a. Asexual propagation
b. Natural propagation
c. Artificial propagation
4. This is the use of good and healthy seeds to ensure quality and high
income for the farmers.
a. Proper selection of seeds
b. Testing of seeds
 c. Germination of seeds
5. Why do we conduct a survey? To gather _________.
a. information
b. income
c. friends

Let’s Read and Learn:

What is a survey? A survey is a research method used for collecting data

from a group of people to gather information and insights.

How to conduct a survey?

There are four main ways to conduct a survey.

1. in-face interview – have the highest response rates and provides a
personal contact but the most costly
2. by telephone - no longer appropriate because most people use
cellular phones now a days
3. by mail - are less costly but have less response - people
tend to ignore it
4. online - this is becoming common today because most
people today are online and have email addresses

Whatever method you use to conduct a survey, it is important that you follow
these simple steps :

1. Decide on what you want to know – your goal.

2. Identify your respondents – who will answer your questions
3. Make a list of questions
a. make it short
b. make it simple
c. make it specific
d. make it consistent
e. follow a logic
4. Analyze the result
This is a sample questionnaire for a survey.

SURVEY ON ORCHARD FARMING

This survey is being conducted to gather data on orchard farming. The

result of this survey will be helpful to our local farmers in the community.

1. What are the types of orchard farm available in the community?

a. Fruit Orchard
b. Nut Orchard
c. Seed Orchards

2. What is the best process in propagating trees.

a. Budding c. Marcotting
b. Grafting

3. What are the available sources of fruit bearing trees in the community?
a. Orchard farm/nursery
b. The Department of Agriculture
c. Bureau of Plant Industry
d. Commercial Nursery
e. At home (seeds from the fruit that we eat)

4. Trees available for orchard gardening based on our location, climate

and market demands (please check).

Name of Trees Location Climate Market Demand

Mango
Avocado
Atis
Chico
Coconut
Duhat
Guava
Guyabano
Jackfruit
Lansones
Lemon
Rambutan
Santol
Sineguelas
Tamarind
What is an orchard?

An orchard is a piece of land where trees or shrubs are maintained for food
or commercial production. Likewise, an orchard features big gardens for
aesthetic and productive purposes. Orchard are often located near a water
source.

TYPES OF ORCHARD FARM:

1. Fruit Orchards. These orchards include any facility that concentrates

on fruit-bearing trees such as; jackfruit, star fruit, apple, guava, star
apple, lansones, avocado and others.

2. Nut Orchards. These orchards include facilities that produces nuts

such as cashew, pecan, walnut, almond, cacao, coconut and pine.

3. Seed Orchards. These orchards focus primarily on growing trees that

produce seeds sold for commercial distribution or resale purposes. They
can be sold to agricultural companies or used for food production.

OTHER TYPES OF ORCHARDS

a. Christmas tree farms like in Baguio or Tagaytay

b. Coffee-producing farms

APPROPRIATE TREES FOR ORCHARD GARDENING

Trees and fruit-trees are valued for their fruits, medicinal properties
and wood. Likewise, trees make our community and surroundings attractive
for its many colors and beauty. However, there are some things to consider
on the appropriateness of the trees for planting. They must have the following
features;

Trees for upland areas like hills and mountains should have;

a. Wide and deep root system to hold plenty of soil and water and
withstand strong winds and typhoons
b. Strong wood to resist calamities and diseases
c. Enough foliage to provide shade
 In addition, we must consider the location in planting trees, the
climate that we have and the market demands when planting trees. The
factors would give us idea if we are to earn a profitable income at the same
time if trees would be productive.

PROPER WAYS OF PROPAGATING TREES AND FRUIT BEARING TREES

There are two ways on plant propagation: sexual and asexual
propagation.
1. Sexual Propagation
Sexual Propagation is the method of reproducing and multiplying plants
using seeds. This is the most common and easiest method of propagating
plants. This is also the most economical and fastest means of propagation.
Many fruit trees varieties are propagated from seeds. Seed propagation is
common in fruit trees produced from seed like avocado, caimito and santol.
It is important to propagate these seeds through germination before
transplanting them in the orchard.
2. Asexual Propagation

Asexual propagation is the method of plant propagation that is done

without the help of the reproductive organs of the plants. In this method,
plants multiply in ways other than developing seeds, either by natural or
vegetative or artificial propagation. Natural Propagation is the process of
multiplying plants by growing parts of the plants. In artificial propagation,
plants are multiplied by growing the parts and buds of selected mother plants.
There are three types;

1. Budding
In this method, a single bud is forced to grow on the stock. It uses
one bud as the scion, instead of the stem bearing several buds. It is
then transferred to the stock of the same family. The T-budding is
the most common form of budding used in propagation.

2. Grafting
In this method, a scion or top portion of a stem of a plant is joined
with or inserted into the rootstock of another plant, to make them
grow together into one plant. However, the scion and the root stock
should be compatible to enable them to unite permanently.
Grafting is usually performed at the beginning of the day and
during rainy season. Cleft grafting is the most commonly used type
of grafting by tree farmers. It is used when grafting a new top of tree.

3. Marcotting

In this method, the branch or stem is induced to the root that is

attached to the mother plant.
SOURCES OF FRUIT BEARING TREES

There are many sources of fruit bearing trees such as;

1. Orchard farm/nursery
2. The Department of Agriculture
3. Bureau of Plant Industry
4. Commercial Nursery
5. At home (seeds from the fruit that we eat)

CARING FOR SEEDLINGS

In order for the seeds to grow, they

need proper care. The use of high quality
seeds produces high quality fruits. Seed
needs proper temperature, air, moisture and
the right light. Other seeds need light while
others grow in the dark. Seeds have a high
percentage of germination when they are free
from pests, weeds and diseases.

1. Proper Selection of Seeds. The use of

good and healthy seed ensures quality and high yield so it means big
income for the farmers.

Ways to select good seeds

a. Seeds must come only from mature fruits.
b. Collect seeds only from healthy, vigorous trees with good form and
quality growth.
c. Seeds should be free from mixture of weed seeds.
d. Seeds must be free from damage or disease.
e. Seeds covered with pulp or with fruit juice must be washed. Dry good
seeds under the sun.

2. Testing of Seeds. Plant growers can determine the germinating ability

of all the seeds by testing them. Testing the seeds before planting also
prevents wastage of good seeds or avoids the need to plant again.
Likewise, testing of seeds ensures uniformity of plant growth, facilitate
cultivation, and early maturation of crops.
 Seeds maybe tested in any of the following ways:
Method Procedure
Visual inspection method 1. Scoop a handful of
seeds. Check the
composition of the seeds
2. Remove immature,
broken, undersized,
diseased, and infested
seeds, weed seeds, stones,
and other impurities.
1. Line the dish with moist
Dish method tissue paper and some
seeds.
2. Cover it with another
sheet of moist tissue
paper for germination
and count the seeds.

Rag – doll method 1. Place the seeds in the

damp cloth with spaces.
2. Roll the cloth on a piece
of stick to circulate air.
3. Count the number of
seeds that germinated
after 3 days.

Seed box method 1. Place a number of seeds

in a seed box and
sprinkle with water.
2. Count the seeds that
germinated after several
days.
3. Compute for the
percentage of
germination using this
formula.

Number of seeds germinated

Number of Percentage
Seeds sown X 100= of germi-
nation
Storing of seeds. The life of the seeds must be ensured when storing it.
Humidity is the most important factor causing deterioration of the vitality of
the seeds when stored at room temperature. In case the seeds are stored at
room temperature, it should not be stored in a sealed container except when
the moisture content is reduced. If seeds are stored in thick plastic bags,
desiccants such as dry charcoal, dry ash, or toasted white rice are placed or
chemicals that absorb the moist from the materials are added. The following
points are reminders in storing seeds:

a. In using desiccants, remember to use container with a right cover.

Place only the desiccants at the bottom part with a punched – holed
cardboard on top. Place the seeds on top of the cardboard or in n
enevelope with proper labeling.
b. In cold temperature storing, put dry seeds in a bottle or jar with tight
cover and store only in the low or cold temperature part of the
refrigerator.
c. Label the bottles properly with the name of the seeds and the date of
storage.
d. Examine the bottled seeds without opening them once a monthe and
check for possible fungi or insects infestation.

Remember!

1. There are 3 types of Orchard Gardening, these are fruit, nut and
seed orchards; location, climate and market demands are the
consideration and planting trees and fruit-bearing trees; two ways of
propagation are sexual or asexual propagation; under asexual we
have a grafting, marcotting and budding, then, we need to select
healthy mature seeds to produce healthy fruits for the care of seeds
lastly, sources of fruits are as follows; Orchard farm/nursery, the
Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Commercial
Nursery and at home (seeds from the fruit that we eat).

ACTIVITY 1

Direction: Write true if the statement is true and false if the statement is
false.

________1. Orchards are often located near water source.

________2. Trees make our surroundings attractive.
________3. Christmas Tree Farm and Coffee farms are other types of
orchards.
________4. Seeds must have a good germinating capacity.
________5. High quality seeds produces high quality fruits.
________6. Some seeds grow in light while others grow in dark.
________7. Trees and fruits are valued for medicinal properties.
________8. Testing of seeds ensures uniformity of plant growth.
________9. Cleft Grafting is the most commonly used type of grafting.
________10. Natural propagation is the process of growing plants by growing
parts of the plants.

ACTIVITY 2

Enumerate the following;

1. What are the three types of Orchard farming?

a.____________________________________________________
b.____________________________________________________
c.____________________________________________________

2. What are the two ways of plant propagation?

a. _________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________

3. What are the three processes in asexual propagation?

a. _________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________
c. _________________________________________________

4. Give 2 sources of fruit bearing trees?

a. _________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 3

Make a survey. Visit and interview a local orchard farmer in your community.
Ask at least 5 questions about their best practices in planting trees and fruit-
bearing trees to earn high income.
 Post Test

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer from the options below.

1. This orchard focus primarily on growing trees that produces seeds.

a. Fruit orchard
b. Seed Orchard
c. Nut Orchard

2. Method of propagation where a stem is induced to the root that is

attached to the mother plant.
a. Budding
b. Grafting
c. Marcotting

3. This method of plant propagation is done without help of the reproductive

organs of the plant.
a. Asexual propagation
b. Natural propagation
c. Artificial propagation

4. Testing of seeds ensures uniformity of plant growth, facilitate cultivation,

and____________.
a. production
b. early maturation of crops
c. both a and b

5. It has the goal of gathering data to gain knowledge and insights.

a. Talk show
b. Survey
c. Dialogue
 KEY TO CORRECTION

Key to Correction

Pre-test:

1. A 2. C 3. B 4.A 5. A

Activity 1

1. true 2. True 3. True 4. True 5. true

6. true 7. True 8. True 9. True 10. true

Activity 2

1. a. Fruit orchard
b. Seed orchard
c. Nut orchard
2. a. Asexual propagation
b. Sexual propagation
3. a. Budding
b. Grafting
c. Marcotting
4. a. Bureau of Plant Industry
b. Department of agriculture

Activity 3 ( answers vary )

Post-test:

1. B 2. C 3. A 4.B 5. B

References:

Home Economics and Livelihood Education Grade 6,

Second Edition
Copyright 2016
Phoenix Publishing House Inc.

The Webster’s Dictionary of the English Language, International Edition

Copyright 1995 by Lexicon Publication, Inc.

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